北有长城的庇护 Protected by the Great Wall in the north
南得长江黄河的滋润灌溉 and fed by the Yellow and Yangtse rivers
中国东部的心脏地带 China's eastern heartland
成为了五千年中华文明 is the center of a flourishing civilization
繁荣发展的核心 which spends more than 5,000 years
对外来者而言 To outsiders
这是一块神秘的土地 this is a mysterious land
夺目的人造建筑屹立在这里 It contains dazzling man-made structures
这儿也是中国最稀有最具魅力的 and it's home to some of China's rarest
动物之家 and most charismatic creatures
居住在这块土地上的 The people who live here
汉族人 the Han Chinese
是世界上人口最多的民族 comprise the largest ethnic group in the world
他们的语言 and their language
普通话 Mandarin
是世界上最古老以及使用最广泛的语言 is the world's oldest and most widely spoken language
在过去的五十年 In the last 50 years
中国已经取得了长足的发展 China has seen massive development
同时也带来了诸多环境问题 bringing many environmental problems
中国人 but the relationship of the Chinese
与自然环境间的关系 to their environment and its creatures
是如此的深刻 is in fact deep
复杂与非凡 complex, and extraordinary
在这期节目中 In this program
我们将探寻这种古老的关系以及 we'll look for clues to this ancient relationship
以及他对中国未来的意义 and what it means for the future of China
我们的旅程将从中国的心脏启航 Our journey starts at the very heart of China
北京 Beijing
中国的首都是一座巨大的城市 China's capital is a vast metropolis
供养着1500万人口 home to 15 million people
这座熙熙攘攘的现代都市似乎 This bustling modern city seems an unlikely place
与传统信仰和习俗无缘 for traditional beliefs and customs
在现代的浮华外表之下 but beneath the contemporary veneer
依稀可以窥探到远古中国的身影 it's possible to see glimpses of a far older China
每一个早晨 Every morning
人们汇聚到紫禁城附近的公园里 people head to the parks around the Forbidden City
延续一种保持了数个世纪的传统 to continue a custom which is centuries old
许多中国人把鸟儿当作自己的伙伴 Many Chinese keep birds as companions
尤其喜欢一种来自中国南方的画眉鸟 specifically a type of laughing thrush from southern China
养鸟的人知道把鸟关在笼子里 But they know that cooped up indoors
鸟儿也许会变得消沉 birds may become depressed
因此他们试图让鸟儿们也高兴起来 so they try to brighten their day
通过让鸟儿们聚会的这种方式 by meeting other birds
北京的中心上演了出人意料的一幕 This surprising scene in the heart of modern Beijing
从中可以发掘到远古中国心灵的渴望 is a clue to China's oldest spiritual ambition
那就是——人与自然的和谐共存 the harmonious coexistence of man and nature
但是在1950年前 But from the 1950s onwards
这种古老的信仰被残酷的践踏 this ancient belief was to be severely challenged
外国的侵略势力对中国持续了近一个世纪的粗暴干涉 After a century of humiliation and intervention
并使中国蒙辱 by foreign powers
毛泽东追求重塑中国的尊严 chairman Mao sought to rebuild China's dignity
毛主席坚信自力更生 Mao believed strongly in self-reliance
依靠丰富的自然资源来达成这一目标 achieve through using all of nature's resources
毛主席首先关心的是中国人的吃饭问题 Mao's first concern was to feed the Chinese people
将尽可能多的土地 by turning as much land as possible
转化为耕地 over to grain production
清除了非谷类作物 destroying non-cereal crops
并将成行的果树连根拔起 and uprooting fruit trees in the process
一场歼灭麻雀的战役导致了恰恰相反的结果 A campaign to eliminate crop-raiding sparrows backfired
捕食昆虫的鸟竟然也成为了攻击对象 when insect-eating birds were also targeted
病虫害在所难免 causing an increase in insect pests
自力更生大炼钢铁的结果 Efforts to make China self-reliant in steel
导致了百分之十的森林被砍伐 resulted in 10% of the country's forests being felled
在熔炉中焚烧殆尽 to feed the furnaces
除四害 大炼钢铁对中国的环境造成了巨大的影响 This had a profound impact on China's environment
其中有些影响一直持续至今 with effects in some cases lasting until the present day
毛主席关于农村的政策 Mao's policy towards the countryside
一言以蔽之： has been described in the phrase
"人定胜天" "man must conquer nature"
完全有别于古老观念中所述的 quite different from the ancient concept
人与自然和谐相处 of harmonious co-existence with nature
由于现代中国与外部世界的交流更加频繁 As modern China engages with the outside world
这种观点似乎占据了主导地位 which of this attitude seems likely to prevail
为了找到答案 To find the answers
我们的旅途将深入到中国的心脏地带 we'll travel to far reaches of the heartland
去了解一下哪儿的传统文化以及独特的生物 to see how its traditional cultures and unique creatures
在今天的处境 are faring today
北京一直以来都依赖着中国的北部平原 Beijing has always depended on the North China Plain
这块肥沃土地接近英国国土面积的两倍 a rich farm land twice the size of the UK
北部平原的肥沃起源于更远的 The fertility of this plain derives from further west
西部的黄土高原 from the Loess Plateau
黄土高原的富矿土壤 The mineral-rich soil of the Loess plateau
难以置信的富饶 is incredibly fertile
人们已经在这儿生活了数千年 People have lived here for thousands of years
在软土中抠建而成了他们的住所 hollowing their homes out of the soft soil
窑洞也许缺乏北京一样的魅力 The caves might lack glamour of Beijing
对这儿的人们来说却是生活的一部分 but people can survive here
不但温暖而且安全 warm, secure, but best of all
最好的是能够吃得饱 well fed
作为耕作了数个世纪的结果 As a result of centuries of farming
大地被刻下了深深的印迹 the landscape has become scarred
密布着数千条被水冲蚀而成的沟渠 with thousands of water-worn gullies
但是这种壮观的冲蚀结果 But this spectacular erosion
却带来了一个意想不到的好处 has had an unexpected benefit
席卷沟渠的水流 The streams which drain the gullies
夹杂着肥沃的黄色土壤 carry the fertile yellow soil
流进了黄土高原的一条较大的河流里 into the plateau's major river
汉族人把这条河称为 known to the Han people
中华文明的母亲河 as the mother of Chinese civilization
这就是——黄河 This is the Yellow River
每一年 Each year
黄河夹带着数十亿吨的泥沙 the Yellow River carries billions of tons of sediment
从黄土高原奔流而下 from the Loess plateau
往东流向中国心脏地带的耕地 eastwards to the crop fields of the Chinese heartland
历史上桀骜不驯的黄河 Historically, the Chinese relationship with the river
曾多次泛滥 has been uneasy
泥沙大量积聚在河床上 Sediment, building up on the riverbed
导致了黄河周期性的溃堤 has caused the Yellow River to burst its bank periodically
释放了毁灭性的洪水 unleashing devastating floods
无情地吞没了数百万计的生命 resulting in millions of deaths
但却被水渠和堤坝所驯服 But when tamed with dykes and channels
黄河的丰饶孕育了一方水土 the river's bounty is legendary
即使如今 Even today
中国半数的小麦 half of China's wheat
来自黄河流域的漫滩 comes from the Yellow River floodplain
千百年来 富含沉积物的黄河 For thousands of years, the sediment-rich Yellow River
支撑了中国心脏地区的繁荣 has underpined the prosperity of the Chinese heartland
但日益增长的生活与生产需求 But increased demand for water by people and industry
使得黄河水量骤减 面临干涸的危机 now threaten to run the river dry
黄河河滩肥力的源头—— And the source of its fertility
黄土高原却依旧沉浸在危机之中 the Loess Plateau is also under threat
因耕作而日益 Loosened by cultivation
疏松的表土在不断流失 its soft soil is blowing away
中国北部平原忍受着沙尘暴的侵袭 The North China Plain is choked with dust storms
沙尘暴甚至逼近北京 that even loom over Beijing
以至于 So much so
中国政府不得不 that the Chinese government
将提高城市空气质量视为 has made improving the city's air quality a priority
举办奥运会前的整顿重头 in the run up to the Beijing Olympics
中国中部地区的生命支持系统问题重重 Heartland China's life-support system is in trouble
然而 yet, in a few places
在一些地区 it's still possible to find landscapes
依旧存留着最后的处女地 that appear to have remained untouched
在中国北方平原的南部边界 At the southern edge of the North China Plain
坐落着秦岭 lie the Qinling Mountains
1500公里的蜿蜒崎岖 At 1,500km long
宛如横穿中国的脊梁 they run like a backbone through the middle of China
深山中隐藏着 Deep within the mountains
偏僻幽寂的山谷与森林 is a maze of remote valleys and forests
这里是那些神奇生命的乐土 home to strange and wonderful creatures
这些金丝猴 These are Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys
是中国的特色物种 a species unique to China
他们通常“但闻其声不见其影” Seldom seen, they are frequently heard
那独特的婴啼般的叫声和出众的外表 Their strange child-like calls and extraordinary appearance
成就了当地人有关 may have inspired the local tales
深山雪人的传说 of yeti-like wild man of the mountain
冬天气温降至-10°C As winter temperatures drop to -10°C
他们浓密的毛发起到了保暖的作用 their dense fur keeps them warm
互相修理毛发不仅有助于保持 Mutual grooming not only keeps that precious fur
宝贵毛发的良好状态 in good condition
同时有助于增进成员间的关系 but also helps to reinforce bonds within the troop
在夏天,猴子成群活动 In summer, the monkeys go around in huge bands
但是在每年的艰苦时期 but at this lean time of the year
它们分裂成了更小的队伍搜寻食物 they split up into smaller foraging parties
隆冬时期 In the dead of winter
猴子们被迫在石头中搜寻食物 the monkeys are forced to rummage around the rocks
只能找到很少的地衣和苔藓 for a few meager morsels of lichen and moss
随着猴子居住地方周围的世界 As the world surrounding their mountain home
充满城镇和农田的时候 has filled up with towns and croplands
西藏扁鼻猴的居住地 the snub-nosed monkeys' habitat
发生了显著的变化 has changed dramatically
现在,只剩下一万只猴子了 Today, there are just 10 000 left in existence
对于住在秦岭的人来说 To the people who live in the Qinling mountain
森林和野生动物是能被利用的资源 the forest and its wildlife are a resource to be used
这些资源是人们生活的保障 the basis of their livelihood
那些人和更神秘的居民 These people share the forest
分享森林资源 with an even more illusive inhabitant
它们可能是中国最著名的动物 It's probably China's most famous animal
但是很少人看到过它们 but very few have ever seen it
与猴子不同的是 Unlike the monkeys
这种生物有很独特的食性 this cerature has a very specific diet
竹子 bamboo
这是野生大熊满 It's a wild Giant Panda
由于对声音敏感 Secret and sensitive to noise
大熊猫经常离开 the giant panda is often gone
以免有任何东西靠近它 before anyone going get close to it
中国人认识熊猫已经很久了 The panda has long been known in China
两千多年前的字典上边就提到过熊猫 It was mentioned in dictionaries more than 2,000 years ago
据说御花园还曾经养过熊猫 and the imperial garden is said to have housed one
在茂密的竹林里 In the dense bamboo of the forest
熊猫很少见到同类 one panda rarely sees another
所以,它们通过特殊的气味联系 Instead, they communicate by subtle scent signals
熊猫身长1.5米,体重135千克 At 1.5m long and 135 kilos, the giant panda
熊猫属于熊科 is a member of the bear family
但是那是这种分类方法 But its bear-like digest system
是按照食肉方法分的,不是按吃韧性纤维分的 is built for eating meat, not this tough fibrous stuff
更糟的是 And to make matters worse
竹叶冻住了 the bamboo leaves are frozen solid
但是熊猫发明了一个巧妙的方法 But the panda has devised a cunning way
来把冰弄掉 of breaking the ice off
它用鼻子把冰蹭掉 It rubs the bamboo over its snout
不像其他熊类 Unlike other bears
熊猫不能通过冬眠 the panda can't fatten itself up and hibernate
来度过冬天 through the winter
竹子的能量很低 Bamboo is so low in energy
熊猫不得不把大量时间放在吃上 that the panda must spend most of the day eating
一旦一个地方的竹子吃完了 Once it has exhausted one area
熊猫必须继续前进到另一个地方 it must move on to the next
熊猫的爪子也与熊爪有很大的不同 The panda's paw is surprisingly unbearlike too
熊猫的爪子很灵活 It's flexible
熊猫腕骨很大,能准确地抓住 with an enlarged wrist bone which allows it to grasp
并灵活地控制竹子 but maneuver the bamboo with dexterity and precision
令猴子都羡慕 that a monkey would be proud of
把竹叶弄成雪茄形状 Twisting the bamboo leaves into a cigar shape
便于它们咀嚼 makes them easier to munch
饥饿的熊猫曾流浪在 Hungry pandas once roamed
广阔丰饶的竹林当中 across vast tracks of bamboo-rich forest
这些竹林曾覆盖中国的中心地带 that covered much of China's heartland
但是自从20世纪50年代以后 But since the 1950s
伐木破坏了秦岭地区的山林 logging has fragmented the Qinling mountain forests
剩下的熊猫局限在 Its remaining wild pandas are now confined
剩下的独立的地方生活 within isolated reserves
在过去的50年里 In the last 50 years
中国的中心地带受到已经沙漠化 China's heartland has been subjected
干涸的河流和被伐的森林 to desertification, drying rivers and deforestation
影响了人类和野生动物 affecting not only people, but wildlife too
中国人和周围的 The relationship between the Chinese people
环境 and their environment
似乎失去了平衡 appears bo be out of balance
如果我们再深究一下 but if we dig a little bit deeper
就会发现即使在今天 仍然有着 there are some surprising and intimate connections
令人惊奇的密切联系 even today
那些与自然联系的线索 Clues to the nature of these links
可以从日常生活中发现 can be found in everyday life
即使在中国首都的中心 even in the centre of China's capital city
在北京的公园里 In the parks of Beijing
鸳鸯时刻关注着自己的孩子 mandarin ducks keep a close watch over their young
中国人相信它们终生守候在一起 Believed by the Chinese to pair for life
几百年以来他们都被看做 they have been seen for centuries as a symbol
爱与忠诚的象征 of love and fidelity
人们认为那些鸟儿的形象 Images of these birds are believed
可以增进人际关系 to improve personal relationships
因此 As a result
北京的鸳鸯得到了妥善的保护 Beijing's mandarin ducks are highly protected
北京古老胡同的小巷 The alleyways of the capitals's ancient hutongs
是很多不同生物的家园 are home to a very different kind of creature
每天,周国光都要 Each day, Zhou Guoguang
照料他那一窝鸽子 tends his brood of pigeons
这一两个小时他可以远离 his chance to escape the pressures of city life
城市生活的压力 for an hour or two
在屋顶上 Up here on the rooftops
周国光相信他的鸽子能够被安全的照料 Zhou is confident his charges will be safe
但鸽子要是在下边的街上觅食 but in the streets below
就潜藏着被偷偷带走的危险 lurk dangerous spirits that scavenge and steal
胡同的深处 Deeper into the hutongs
极少受到现代北京的影响 the influence of modern Beijing recedes
那些巷子充满了古老的传说 These alleys are full of ancient beliefs
夜幕降临 As night falls
藏在深处的动物开始活动了 spirits emerge from their hiding places
黄鼠狼 The Yellow Weasel
一些人认为 Some people believe
冒犯这些狡猾的肉食动物 that offending this crafty predator
能带来坏运气 can bring bad luck
所以对黄鼠狼晚上的活动 so they turned a blind eye
人们睁一只眼闭一只眼 to the weasel's night-time marauding
旧的观念 Old beliefs
连同逐渐增强的保护意识 coupled with a rising awareness of conservation
使得黄鼠狼 are helping the yellow weasel's survive
能在北京城生存 in the middle of Beijing
尽管人们还在猎杀残存的鸽子 despite killing the odd pigeon
在中国的南部 In the south of China
人与自然的关系似乎更加严峻 the relationship with nature appears more brutal
广东人因其食物多样性而闻名 Cantonese cuisine is famous for its diversity
俗话说得好 summed up in the saying
“四条腿的唯桌子不吃” "we'll eat anything on 4 legs, except a table"
尽管中国政府取缔 And though the government has banned
猎食野生动物 the consumption of wildlife in China
这里的许多肉来自 and most of the meat here
人工饲养的动物 comes from captive-bred animals
但仍有相当数量的肉 非法取自野生动物 a significant amount is taken illegally from the wild
这家香港餐馆专供蛇肉 This restaurant in Hongkong specializes in serpents
大多数蛇是无毒的捕鼠蛇 Most are harmless rat snakes
但菜单上也有罕见的眼镜蛇 but with the odd cobra on the menu
一失足就可能招致麻烦 one false move could spell trouble
曹凯玲数不清有多少次 Chau Ka-Ling has lost count of the number of times
被蛇咬过了 she's been bitten
所以她总是带着中草药 so she always carries a Chinese herbal remedy
以防万一 just in case
选择这种奇怪的食物 We might turn our noses up
我们可以嗤之以鼻 at such a strange choice of food
但是吃蛇肉不仅仅是品尝 but eating snakes is more than just a matter of taste
广东人相信吃蛇肉可以净化血液 the Cantonese believe it can help to clean the blood
增强活力 increase vitality
美化皮肤 and beautify the skin
在这样拥挤的地方 In such a crowded land
用很少的花费遍吃百物的传统 a tradition of eating everything with very little waste
可能被看做值得称赞的节俭 could be seen as commendable thrift
问题是中国南方有这么多人 The problem is that there are so many people
在食用野生动物 eating wild food in south China
非法食物供应链 that the illegal supply chain
一直延伸并超越了国界 stretches well beyond its borders
使得野生动物消失 contributing to the disappearance of wildlife
不仅在中国境内 not only within China
而且也包括其他国家 but from other countries too
拜访一家中药店 A visit to a traditional Chinese medicine shop
会发现动植物另一方面的作用 reveals another aspect of the use of animals and plants
宋医生行医20多年了 Dr. Song has been practicing for over 20 years
他最重要的诊断方法是 The most important part of his diagnosis is the pulse
在不同部位号脉 examined in several places
宋医生也观察舌头和眼睛的颜色 Dr. also observes the color of the tongue and eyes
并询问病人的味觉 and asks questions about the patient's taste
嗅觉甚至是梦 smell and even dreams
一旦确诊 Once satisfied with his diagnosis
他就用大夫独特的笔迹 he'll write a prescription
开出药方 using a script unique to doctors
中国传统医学 Chinese traditional medicine
大量使用了难以置信的动植物和矿物 uses an incredible array of animals, vegetables and minerals
区别对待不同病人而不是疾病 to treat the individual rather than the illness
旨在恢复体内两种不同力量的平衡 aiming to restore the harmony of opposing
使其均衡互补 but complementary forces
中国称之为“阴阳” known in China as "yin and yang"
中国人相信天地万物是和谐的 The concept is rooted in the ancient belief
这种观念根深蒂固 that the universe is harmonious
人们也相信自己与环境紧密联系着 and that the people are intimately connected to
并被环境所影响 and affected by their environment
尽管表面上看起来 药物的成分由奇形怪状的生物所组成 Despite the seemingly bizarre nature of the ingredients
但是几千年来 Chinese traditional medicine
中国传统医学 has been successfully treating people
成功诊治了无数人 for thousands of years
尽管中国已经取缔 But although the use of endangered wildlife ingredients
使用濒危野生动植物入药 in medicine is now banned in China
一些动植物现在仍然被非法使用 some wild animals and plants are still used illegally
大自然再一次承受了损失 once again, nature bears the cost
但是中国传统在其他方面上也有借鉴 But Chinese tradition has borrowed from nature
比如那些丝毫未被开发利用的领域 in other ways which are not in the least exploitative
在中国古代哲学里 In ancient Chinese philosophy
男人被认为是自然世界的一部分 man was considered part of the natural world
受益于自然界的智慧 and able to benefit from its wisdom
几千年前 Thousands of years ago
少林寺的和尚 buddhist monks on sacred shaolin mountain
把对野生动物的观察 incorporated their observations of wild creatures
系统化为锻炼的套路 into a system of exercises
来凝神理气 强身健体 to help the flow of energy and build strength
这种从动物中得到启示的艺术形式 This animal-inspired art-form
形成了“功夫” became kung fu
如今 古老的少室山 Today, ancient Shaolin Mountain
功夫的起源地 the place where kung fu began
仍保留着它起初的练武场 remains its prime training center
释延亭是这里的教练 Shi Yanting is a master
全国各地的学生都来此学习 Students from all over the country come here to learn
源于自然的传统知识 the ancient knowledge derived from the natural world
如今的重点 The emphasis today
也许更倾向于强健体魄 is perhaps more on the physical
而不是功夫所蕴含的 rather than the philosophical elements
哲学内涵 that underlie kungfu
但这仍是对功夫意义重大的复兴 but it's a significant re-awakening
这个7岁大的孩子 This seven-year-old
正在练习刚猛的拳法 is perfecting the devastating punch
螳螂拳 of the praying mantis
经过糅合和完善 When combined and perfected
这些动物的招式 these animal forms
如螳螂 such as mantis
猿猴和鹤 monkey and crane
形成了无坚不摧的力量 become an unstoppable force
中国古代哲学认为自然 Ancient Chinese philosophy took nature itself
孕育了大多数的珍奇生物 as the inspiration for its most fabulous creature
富饶的河流也许形成了这里的文明 Fertile rivers may have shaped this civilization
但中国人认为 but the Chinese believed
河流本身则是由一种动物形成和掌管的 that the rivers themselves were formed and controlled
龙 by a dragon
与西方暴虐的龙不同 Unlike the destructive dragon of the west
中国的龙是仁慈行善的 the Chinese dragon was benevolent
受人尊敬 provided it was treated with respect
古代中国人称自己为 The ancient Chinese called themselves
龙的传人 descendants of the dragon
并认识到他们需要和谐地生活在 and knew they needed to live harmoniously
龙的国度中 in the dragon's realm
这种对龙的尊敬 This respect for the dragon
影响到了 has relevance today
如今生活在中国另一条伟大河流 for a remarkable creature which lives around
扬子江的周围稻田中的 the paddy fields of China's other great river
奇特生物 the Yangtze
这种面目吓人的动物 This fearsome-looking beast
就是扬子鳄 is a Chinese alligator
也叫土龙 known as the Muddy Dragon
尽管和传说中的龙有关系 Despite its association with the mythical Chinese dragon
这种爬行动物一直以来却被村民看做是 the reptile has long been regarded by country people
吃鱼的祸害 as a fish-eating pest
并一直被捕杀 and has been persecuted
几乎到了灭绝的边缘 almost to the point of extinction
现在只有大约150只扬子鳄 There are only around 150 Chinese alligators
生存于野生环境中 left in the wild
多亏像老农常金荣这样 and it's mainly down to the care and protection
致力于此的人们的 offered by dedicated people like retired farmer
关心和保护 Chang Jinrong
他们才得以幸存 that any survive at all
现如今大多数扬子鳄生活在豢养环境中 Today, most Chinese alligators live in captivity
在宣城附近的繁殖研究中心 At this breeding center near Xuancheng
扬子鳄由于他们独特的求爱方式而聚集在一起 Chinese alligators gather for their extraordinary courtship
雄性发出吼声以吸引异性 The males bellow to attract a mate
声音在水中向四周传播 As it travels through the water
可以被雌性听到和感觉到 the sound is both heard and felt by the female
吼声 The bellowing
是她挑选配偶的依据 is her cue to investigate
在不为人知的扬子鳄的世界里 In the alien world of the Chinese alligator
他们两个可以通过爪下腺体的气味 these two will be able to learn much about each other
进一步地了解彼此 using the scent glands under their jaws
对选择的雄性满意后 Satisfied with her choice
他们会在交配之前游开 the two swim off together before mating
土龙的幸存归功于 The muddy dragon owes its continued survival
25年前由政府策划的 to a government initiative a quarter of a century ago
宣城封闭繁育研究中心 which created the captive breeding center
的建立 at Xuancheng
经过深入研究发现 Having dug a little deeper
对自然的古老信仰 it does seem that ancient beliefs about nature
似乎在当代中国仍有共鸣 still have resonance in modern China
沿着扬子江的 Far upstream
山中的支流逆流而上 along one of the Yangtze's mountain tributaries
另一个宏伟的自然保护工程 another ambitious conservation project
正试图拯救中国最著名的生物 is attempting to save China's most famous creature
中国第一个封闭的大熊猫繁育中心 China's first captive breeding center for the giant panda
始建于1983年 opened in 1983
这里是卧龙保护区 This is Wolong Reserve
与野生熊猫居住的竹林 a far cry from the bamboo forests
相差甚远 where wild pandas live
每年春天 Every spring
雌雄熊猫被运到这里 male and female pandas are ferried around the site
希望 in the hope
可以引导他们进行交配 that introductions will lead to romance
科学家们 Scientists
一直在努力促使大熊猫 have been trying to encourage the pandas
自然交配 to breed naturally
但却很难成功 but it's difficult to the get the conditions right
因为几乎没人看到过 since few people have ever seen
大熊猫是如何在野生环境中求爱的 how panda courtship happens in the wild
同时 Meanwhile
人工授精 artificial insemination
已被证获得巨大成功 has proved highly successful
由于仅仅5周大 At just five weeks old
这个熊猫宝宝需要24小时的看护 this baby needs 24-hour care
熊猫宝宝太珍贵了 It's simply too precious to be entrusted
以至于不敢让它那 to its natural mother
没有抚育经验的父母抚养 who may have little experience of parenthood
熊猫长出牙齿 After initial teething problems
标志着卧龙的人工授精工程 Wolong's artificial insemination program
获得了巨大的成功 has been remarkably successful
2006年 In 2006
保护区哺育了16只大熊猫幼仔 the reserve reared 16 cubs
如今卧龙抚养着更多的熊猫宝宝 and there're now more captive bred pandas at Wolong
他们会被安全地放生到 and can be safely released back
正在缩减的野生环境中去 into the shrinking wild habitat
自然条件下 In nature
大熊猫跟随母亲学习生存技巧 giant pandas learn survival skills from their mother
却很少与其他熊猫接触 but have little contact with other pandas
这些幼年的熊猫社交能力可能很强 These youngsters may have exceptional social skills
但对于野外生存却是一无所知 but they wouldn't have a clue how to survive in the wild
他们绝大多数 All the majority
未来会动物园中度过 their future lies in zoos
这样封闭的 While the ultimate value
繁育工程的最终价值尚未定论 of captive breeding projects like this is debatable
但在中国有些地方 there are places in China
在野生环境中保护动物 where animals are being successfully protected
已获得成功 in their wild habitat
在秦岭山顶 Right at the top of the Qinling Mountains
居住着一种珍稀动物 lives a rare and mysterious creature
关于他们的传说可以追溯到古希腊那个时代 that has inspired legends as far away as ancient Greece
这就是金羊毛的最初拥有者 The size of a buffalo and with a temper to match
有着水牛般体型和好斗本性的 this is the original owner of the Golden Fleece
秦岭羚牛 the Golden Takin
秦岭羚牛在繁殖季节 Golden takin make their way to the top of the mountains
会向山顶迁徙 for the breeding season
这是雄性向雌性展示他们勇气的机会 It's an opportunity for the males to prove their mettle
他们凶猛而且好斗 They are formidable and aggressive creatures
得胜之后 Now victorious
雄性就可以与雌性亲近 this male will have access to the females
尽管居住于高山之巅 Despite living high on the mountains
秦岭羚牛却曾因肉质鲜美而被捕杀得 golden takin were once hunted to near extinction
几近灭绝 for their meat
为了呼应中国古典法则 In a return to the laws of ancient China
如今政府已经明令禁止偷猎 there is now a government ban on poaching
羚牛也被保护了起来 and the takin is officially protected
很明显 中国对自然的态度 Attitudes towards nature in China
复杂而又深受传统影响 are clearly complex and rooted in tradition
在秦岭有一个传说 And in the Qinling Mountains there is one story
展现了传统的巨大价值与作业 that shows just how valuable these traditions can be
每天早晨 Every morning
一群朱鹮飞离 a flock of crested ibis leave
它们在洋县的村落附近的鸟巢 their roost close to the village of Yangxian
去觅食 in search of food
一般而言 鸟儿的飞离 Traditionally,the birds' departure
标志着农民新一天的开始 marked the start of the farmers' day
朱鹮依靠湿地生活 Crested ibises need wetlands for feeding
而稻田正是觅食的鳝鱼 青蛙和蜗牛的 and rice paddys are the perfect place to hunt for
理想之地 eels, frogs and snails
鸟儿和农民 The birds and farmers
在此已共同生活了几千年 had probably coexisted here for thousands of years
直到20世纪 until the 20th century
在中国的许多地方 when in many parts of China
稻谷被有利可图的小麦取代 rice was replaced by more profitable wheat production
朱鹮的数量锐减 Crested ibis numbers rapidly declined
有一个时期 At one point
甚至认为他们已经灭绝了 they were even believed to be extinct
直到1981年 Then, in 1981
地球上最后7只朱鹮 the last seven crested ibises on Earth
在这里被发现 were found here
中国政府出面 The Chinese government stepped in
着手保护 protecting the rice paddies
朱鹮赖以存活的稻田 so the birds could continue to feed
和周围的树林 and safeguarding neighboring trees
使他们得以繁衍 to enable them to breed
朱鹮被从灭绝的边缘拯救了过来 Rescued from the brink of extinction
如今有500多只 there are now 500 crested ibis
居住在洋县周围 living around Yangxian town
在现代中国 In modern China
保护自然再度受到重视 room is being made for nature once again
但中华大地的美丽之处 But the appreciation of nature in China
并不仅限于令人印象深刻的动物和多彩的鸟儿 isn't confined to impressive animals or colorful birds
山中的美景 Mountain landscapes
也令中国历史上许多的画家 have held a fascination for Chinese artists
和诗人沉醉其中 and poets throughout history
山还具有宗教意义 Mountains also have religious significance
它是连接凡界和天堂的桥梁 as places that linked earth with the heavens
最神圣的山之一 One of the most sacred of all
就是这里——峨眉山 is here at Mount Emei
这个有2000多年的古刹的地方 the site of 2,000-year-old Buddhist temple
中国有世界上最多的佛教徒 China today has the world's largest Buddhist population
这些古老而神圣的地方备受珍视 These old sacred sites are highly cherished
每年有大约200万人来峨眉游玩 nearly 2 million people visit Mount Emei each year
但佛教寺院并不是唯一吸引游人的地方 But the buddhist temples are not the only attraction
峨眉山还是猕猴属中体型最大的 Mountain Emei is home to Tibetan macaques
藏酋猴的家园 the biggest of their kind
他们厚重的皮毛有助于适应高达3000米海拔的 Their thick coats enable them to thrive in harsh mountain conditions,
严酷的山野环境 at altitudes up to 3,000 metres.
古代中国人坚信 Ancient Chinese people believe
帮助形似人类的猕猴 that good deeds towards human looking macaques
可以为来世积累福泽 were an investment for eternity.
但对这些远离野生环境的 But for these city dwelling tourists
都市游客而言 whose everyday lives are far removed from wild life
这是常充满了敬畏与不安的邂逅 this encounter is an uneasy mix of reverence and fear
当然 猕猴们也是同样心情来面对这场际遇
这是种笨拙的关系 it's an awkward relationship.
猴子们总是掳掠水果 The monkeys normally forage for fruit,
但实际上游客是一种更便捷的食物来源 but the tourists are a much easier source of food.
持续与人类的接触 Constant contact with people
改变了族群的整体行为 is changing the behavior of the troop
曾经警惕人类的猕猴也变得越来越厚颜无耻 Once wary of humans the macaques are growing bolder
游客们怎会知晓 How are tourists suppose to know
这种眉头高耸的表现意味着麻烦将至 that this eyebrow-raising display means trouble
一些过分自信的猴子们 Some of the more assertive monkeys
需要不时管教一番 have to be policed accordingly
虽然大量游客带给野生动物 While the impacts on wildlife from mass tourism
的并非总是益处 is not entirely beneficial
这些不断增长的游客 the fact the increasing numbers of people
却无比享受自然情趣 are enjoying nature at first hand
这也暗示了未来的希望 suggests some hope for the future
除却中国50年来的变化 Despite all the changes in China during the last 50 years
众多如峨眉般的圣地依旧处于保护之下 many sacred places like Emei are being protected
向西 Heading west
中国内陆腹地越显崎岖 China's heartland becomes increasingly rugged
越秦岭而立的是更为高耸的岷山 Beyond the Qinlin Mountains lies the even higher Minshan
那耸立的山峰掩映着 where towering peaks conceal
中国最为秀绝的土地之一 one of China's most remarkable landscapes
被中国人视为人间仙境的 known to the Chinese as fairyland paradise
九寨沟 直到上世纪70年代方为世人所知 Jiuzhaigou was virtually unknown until the 1970s
如今俨然成为中国最为著名的景点之一 today it's one of China's most famous tourist areas
和举世公认的 and it's recognized internationally
世界自然遗产 as a world heritage site
石灰质山脉是 The limestone mountains
注满上百个五光十色的 are the source of crystal-clear springs
富石灰质湖泊那 which are formed over 100 lakes
清入冰晶般的 filled with lime-rich water
泉水之源 of unbelievable colour
水底是水藻覆盖下 Underwater is a pefectly preserved ghostly forest
沉睡着的魔幻森林 shrouded in algae
这奇幻世界是幽居于 This strange world is home to a species of fish
湖中的独特鱼类的家园 unique to these lakes
谁能料到 Who would've guessd
如此邻近数十亿居民的 that with close to a billion inhabitants
中国心脏腹地带依旧保留着 China's heartland could still harbor
充满原始美的土地 a landscape of such pristine beauty.
秦岭的春天来临了 It's spring in the Qinlin Mountains
当农户照料作物时 As the farmers tend their new crops
中国最著名生物中的神秘物种 the secret life of China's most famous animal
最终显形 is finally coming to light
在熊猫的最后生存地 In one of the panda's last strongholds
一场鲜有人目睹的 a drama is about to unfold
活剧正拉开帷幕 one which has rarely been witnessed
一只年轻雌性现身山谷 A young female has ventured into the valley
在雄性当中引起一阵骚动 sparking a flurry of interest among the resident males
熊猫通常保持单身 A panda's life is mostly solitary
直到春天繁殖季节到来 until the spring breeding season
当交配的机会来临 when the brief opportunity to mate arises
雄性必须加紧抓住机会 the males must be ready to take their chance
然而时机 决定一切 but timing is everything
这只雄性的出场方式不够精明 This male's approach is somewhat lacking subtlety
总之这只雌性尚未为他做好准备 and anyway the female isn't ready for him, yet
她的受孕顶峰时期仅仅维持两天 her peak receptive time lasts just two days
所以雄性持续守护在雌性身边 so he guards her
靠竹子供给时刻等待几乎 finding his time with a good supply of bamboo
不巧的是挟持者和被挟持者都需要进食 Unfortunately his hostage must eat too
但她显然不想放下身段屈就 but she dosen't exactly feel like descending
另一只雄性目睹一切 被吸引而来 Another male has been attracted to the scene
他已经历了数个繁殖季节 He is a veteran of many breeding seasons
他小心防范着他的对手 He is wary of his rival
因为每年这个时候 because at this time of year
雄性都有可能从温和的竹食者 males are transformed from peace-loving bamboo eaters
化身为潜在杀手 into potential killers
尽管充满危险 他为自己创造了机会 Despite the danger, he makes a challenge
守卫者现身与之对决 The defending male rises to meet him
挑战者被守卫者追击 The challenger is chased by the defending male
在繁密的竹林中 In the thick bamboo
战斗随着雄性追求支配地位而愈发激烈 the battle rages as the males fight for dominance
雌性则明哲保身 置身事外 The female wisely stays clear of trouble
守护者在体型和体力上的超凡优势 The challenger backs down
使得挑战者 The size and strength of the defending male
最终败下阵来 is just too much
败者撤退 筋疲力尽但却畅享胜利的胜者 The loser retreats and the exhausted but triumphant victor
回到他的雌性身边 returns to the female
这次她已然为他而做好了准备 This time she is ready for him
而非逃避 instead of running,she waits
这种非凡的求爱行径 This is the first time
首次在野生条件下 this extraordinary courtship behaviour
被记录下来 has ever been filmed in the wild
如果交配成功 If mating is successful
雌性将会产下一只小兽 the female will produce a single cub
并独自抚养他长大 and rear it on her own
当今有关野生动物保护的观念日益增强 Today with improving attitudes
为野生动物的繁衍生息 towards wild life conservation
带来了新的希望 there is hope
中国现存1600只依旧有生存希望的 that China's 1600 remaining wild pandas
野生大熊猫 have some chance of survival
2003年 In 2003
环境保护成为了两亿中国学生 conservation became an integral part of the curriculum
课程的一部分 for China's 200 million school students
对秦岭地区的孩子而言 For the children of the Qinling Mountains
了解他们特别的邻居 knowing what a special neighbor they have
更有助于对其施以保护 may help to protect it for the future
在以人类历史上的空前节奏 In the midst of headlong change
突飞猛进发展之时 conducted at a pace unprecedented in human history
中国是否能秉承人地和谐的 can China hold on to its ancient desire
传统理念 for harmony with nature?
中国是否能调和人民日益增长的需求 Can it reconcile the aspirations of its people
与保护自然的长期需求间的平衡 with a long-term need to protect its environment
在北京中心地区天坛 Here at the Temple of Heaven in the very heart of Beijing
出现了对待自然的全新态度与理念 there are signs of a new attitude towards nature
每年, 成千上万的鸟儿 Every year, as thousands of birds
迁徙至南方过冬 migrate southwards to escape the winter
然而一种神秘的鸟类 One secretive species
却在天坛地区寻找过冬的庇护所 seek shelter in the temple grounds
拜庙宇的传统所赐 Safeguarded by the temple's tradition
甚至能目睹10只猫头鹰住在同一株树上 as many as ten owls can be seen in the same tree
最近成立的北京鸟类爱好者俱乐部 The owls' arrival is celebrated
正庆祝猫头鹰的光临 by members of recently formed Beijing Bird Club
迁徙可能会成为危险的旅程 Migration can be a dangerous undertaking
每年大量的猫头鹰 and every year many owls
不幸死于电线 交通 工业建设等意外事故 suffer the hazards of power lines, traffic and industry
有些则有幸在此得以终老 Some of the more fortunate end up here
北京猛禽救护中心 at Beijing's Raptor Rescue Centre
始建于2001年 Established in 2001
北京猛禽救护中心是该类医院的先驱 it's the first of it's kind
猫头鹰们在此被孙全辉 Here, owls are given medical attention
及其医疗小组悉心照顾 by Sun Quanhui and his team
他们甚至为鸟儿准备了 The birds are even exercised
复健训练 to help their rehabilitation
一旦确定恢复健康 Once deemed fit and healthy
他们将被带去位于京郊的山林放飞 the owls are taken to the hills at the edge of Beijing
每到春天 猛禽救治中心的工作人员 Every spring, staff from Beijing's Raptor Rescue Centre
便释放大量猫头鹰 relase dozens the owls
中国现存超过1500个 Today, there are over 1500
专门的自然保护区 designated nature reserves in China
覆盖了大面积 covering large tracts
最为丰饶的土地 of some of the country's finest landscapes
尽管中国以崭新的面貌和趋势 As China looks to the future
面相未来 with a renewed sense of direction
中国传统文化依旧是重要的文明构成 ancient traditions are still very much a part of its culture
这是旧历新年——春节 It's Chinese New Year
举国上下的人民为了祭拜 All over the country, the people prepare
最为古老而尊贵的神兽做准备 to appease thier oldest and most venerated creature
那就是龙 the dragon
当夜幕降临 As night falls
人们挟着灯笼涌出家门 万人空巷 灯火通明 everyone from the neighborhood brings a lantern
然后一个接着一个的 And one by one
把灯盏添加到龙尾上 the lights are added to the dragon's tail
游行的队伍渐行渐长 As the procession grows longer, the atmosphere builds
热闹的气氛再现了中国最古老伟大 for the spectacle of one of China's oldest
的壮丽场面 and greatest inventions
全国上下上演龙舞 The dragon dance is performed all over China
这项庆典本身已有数千年历史之久 the ceremony itself is thousands of years old,
然而他依旧是中国旧历新年中的亮点 but it still the hightlight of the Chinese New Year
龙灯沿着小镇的道路蜿蜒伸展 As the dragon winds it's way through the village
逐渐增至数百米长 it has grown hundreds of metres long
每个人都是其中的一个环节 Every one is part of it
经过近了一个世纪 After a century of unprecedented change in China
忽视了环境保护的 during which environmental protection
空前变革时期 has not been a priority
现在崭新的指向出现在世人面前 there are now signs of a new direction
2006年10月 In October 2006
共产党明确了 the Communist Party specifically identified
促进人与自然的和谐发展 promoting harmony between man and nature
是实现和谐社会构建目标的 as an important step in their goal of building
重要步骤 a harmonious society
号召中国人民 and called on the Chinese people
加速建设 to accelerate the construction
环境友好型社会 of an environmentally friendly society
中国经济持续增长的今天 As China's economy continues to grow
与古典人地和谐思想相一致的 it's re-engagement with the ancient ideal
新时代发展方向 of harmony with nature
为中国的自然环境和人地和谐带来了一线希望 provides a glimmer of hope for the future of wild China.