不公正的法律仍然存在 我们是心甘情愿地服从这些法律 还是努力去完善它们，然后才遵守 或者立刻粉碎它们？
A cofounder of the social, news and entertainment website Reddit has been found dead. 社交新闻及娱乐网站红迪网联合创始人亚伦•斯沃茨死亡
He certainly was a prodigy, although he never thought of himself like that. 他无疑是一个天才，但他从不以天才自居
He was totally unexcited 他对从商和赚钱
about starting businesses and making money. 完全不感兴趣
There's a profound sense of loss tonight in Highland Park, Aaron Swartz's hometown, 今夜，在海兰帕克，亚伦斯沃茨的家乡，人们承受着巨大的痛苦…
as loved ones say goodbye to one of the Internet's brightest lights. 人们告别了这位互联网时代最聪慧的人
Freedom, open access, and computer activists are mourning his loss. 自由人士、开放获取信息界和计算机的活跃分子都在沉痛哀悼他的离去
"An astonishing intellect", if you talk to people who knew him 如果你跟他的朋友谈起他，他们会夸他是个令人惊叹的天才
He was killed by the government, and MIT betrayed all of its basic principles. 他是被政府杀害的，麻省理工学院完全背叛了其基本原则
They wanted to make an example out of him, okay? 他们就是想杀鸡儆猴，不是么？
Governments have an insatiable desire to control. 政府的控制欲是无止境的
He was potentially facing 35 years in prison and a one million dollar fine. 他可能面临35年的监禁和100万美元罚款
Raising questions of prosecutorial zeal, and I would say even misconduct. 这可以说是误判
Have you looked into that particular matter and reached any conclusions? 你方有没有调查详细的事实，得出了什么结论？
Growing up, I slowly had this process of realizing that all the things around me that 我慢慢长大，才慢慢意识到周遭的一切
people had told me were just the natural way things were, the way things always would be, 别人口中所谓的道理，似乎都遵循事情的常道
they weren't natural at all, there were things that could be changed 事实根本就不是这样的，他们是可以改变的
and there were things that more importantly were wrong and should change, 有些原则性的错误，我们就应该去改变它们
and once I realized that, there was really no going back. 一意识到这点，我就知道自己无法回头了
Welcome to story reading time. 欢迎收看“小伦讲故事“
The name of the book is "Paddington at the Fair". 这本书的名字是《集市上的帕丁顿》
Well, he was born in Highland Park and grew up here. 唔，他在海兰帕德出生，长大……
Aaron came from a family of three brothers, all extraordinarily bright. 阿伦的家里共有三兄弟，个个都聪明过人
"Oh, the box is tipping over..." 箱子要翻倒了
So we were all, you know, not the best behaved children. 你可以猜得到，我们不是什么乖小孩
You know, three boys running around all the time, causing trouble. 三兄弟一直蹦蹦跳跳的，不停地惹麻烦
"Hey, no, no no!"
– Aaron! – What?
But I've come to the realization that Aaron learned how to learn at a very young age. 不过我发现，亚伦很小的时候就学会怎样去学习了
"One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten!"
- Knock, knock! - Who's there? 谁在那？
- Aaron. - Aaron who? 亚伦——谁是亚伦?
- Aaron Funnyman.
He knew what he wanted, and he always wanted to do it. 他知道他想要什么，他总是有目标
He always accomplished what he wanted. 而且总能实现
His curiosity was endless. 他有无穷无尽的好奇心
"Here's a little picture of what the planets are. And each planet has a symbol."
"Mercury symbol, Venus symbol, Earth symbol, Mars symbol, Jupiter symbol."
One day he said to Susan, "What's this free family entertainment downtown Highland Park?" 有一天他跟苏珊说：我们来玩这个游戏
"Free family entertainment downtown Highland Park." 市中心公园的自由活动
He was three at the time. 他当时才三岁
She said, "What are you talking about?" 苏珊问他：“你在说什么？“
He said, "Look, it says here on the refrigerator," 他回答：“看，冰箱上面贴着这个“
"Free family entertainment downtown Highland Park." 市中心公园的自由活动
She was flurried and astonished that he could read. 她高兴坏了，很惊讶他居然能阅读
It's called "My Family Seder".
The Seder night is different from all other nights.
I remember once, we were at the University of Chicago Library. 我记得有一次我们在芝加哥大学的图书馆
I pulled a book off the shelf that was from like 1900, 我从书架上拿出了一本貌似是1900年代的书
and showed to him and said, "You know, this is really just an extraordinary place." 我拿给他看，告诉他：“看，这是一本特别的书“
We all were curious children, but Aaron really liked learning and really liked teaching. 我们都是好奇宝宝，但是亚伦特别喜欢学习和教别人知识
"And we're going to learn the ABC backwards."
"Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T..."
I remember, he came home from his first Algebra class. 我记得他第一次上完代数课，回到家
He was like, "Noah, let me teach you algebra!" 他就像这样“诺亚快来，让我教你代数！"
And I'm like, "What is algebra?" 而我则一脸茫然：“代数是什么东西？“
And he was always like that. 他一直都这样
"Now let's press click button, there! Now it's got that!"
"Now it's in pink!"
When he was about two or three years old, and Bob introduced him to computers, 他2岁还是3岁那年，老爸让他接触电脑
then he just took off like crazy on them. 他整个人都为之疯狂了
(baby talk)
We all had computers, but Aaron really took to them, really took to the Internet. 我们都有电脑，但是亚伦很喜欢跟电脑说话，他真的会对着互联网讲话
- Working at the computer? - Nah...
"How come...Mommy, why is nothing working?"
He started programming from a really young age.
I remember the first program that I wrote with him was in BASIC, 我还记得当年跟他一起在地下室编写的第一个程序
and it was a Star Wars trivia game. 是一个关于星战的小游戏
He sat down with me in the basement, where the computer was, 他和我坐在地下室里，电脑就在里面
for hours, programming this game. 他花了数小时，一直不停地编写游戏
The problem that I kept having with him is that there was nothing that I wanted done, 跟他呆一起，我不知道自己想对程序做点什么
and to him, there was always something to do, 而他总能找到事情来做
always something that programming could solve. 总能找到程序能解决的事情
The way Aaron always saw it, is that programming is magic. 艾伦一直认为，编程是魔法
You can accomplish these things that normal humans can't. 你可以用编程做到常人无法完成的事
Aaron made an ATM using like a Macintosh and like a cardboard box. 亚伦做了一个ATM机，外形像麦金塔电脑，或者说一个硬纸板箱
One year for Halloween, I didn't know what I wanted to be, 有一年万圣节，我不知道该把自己打扮成什么样
and he thought it would be really, really cool if I dressed up like his new favorite computer, 阿伦告诉我，如果我扮成他最心爱的电脑会很酷
which at the time was the original iMac. 也就是最早的那台iMac
I mean, he hated dressing up for Halloween but he loved convincing other people 他自己很讨厌穿万圣节衣服
to dress up as things that he wanted to see. 但他喜欢说服别人穿成他想见到的样子
"Host Aaron, stop! Guys, come on, look at the camera!"
"Spiderman looks at the camera!"
He made this website called The Info, where people can just fill in information. 他做过一个网站“The Info”，是用来给人们添加词条信息的
I'm sure someone out there knows all about gold, gold leafing... 我确定有人知道跟金子、金箔有关的全部知识
Why they don't write about that on this website? And then other people can come at a later point, 那为什么不让他们在网站上面展示那些知识呢？然后，其他人可以看到那些知识
and read that information, and edit the information if they thought it was bad. 如果他们觉得不好的话，还可以自己编辑修改
Not too dissimilar from Wikipedia, right? 跟维基百科差不太远，对吧？
And this was before Wikipedia had begun, and this was developed by a 12-year-old, 那时候维基百科还没有诞生
in his room, by himself, running on this tiny server using ancient technology. 他独自一人，在他的房里，用那个小小的服务器和传统技术就做出来
And one of the teachers responds, 有个老师对此回应道
"This is a terrible idea, you can't just let anyone author the encyclopedia!" 这个主意也太糟糕了，你不能随意让人编辑词典，就好像编辑百科全书那样
"The whole reason we have scholars is to write these books for us." 让学者来编辑这些书目才是天经地义的
"How could you ever have such a terrible idea?" 你的脑洞怎么可以这么大呢？
Me and my other brother would be like, "Oh, you know, yeah Wikipedia is cool, but..." 我跟其他几个兄弟的反应则是：啊，切，维基是有点酷，
"we had that in our house, like, five years ago." 可是我们家5年前就已经有这玩意儿了
Aaron's website, theinfo.org, wins a school competition 艾伦的“The Info.org”网站设计还赢得了一个学校竞赛
hosted by the Cambridge-based web design firm ArsDigita. 那是以剑桥地区网页设计为依托的ArsDigita公司举办的
We all went to Cambridge when he won the ArsDigita prize 当他得了ArsDigita奖的时候，我们全家都去了剑桥区
and we had no clue what Aaron was doing. 我们还完全不知道艾伦做了什么
It was obvious that the prize was really important. 但那个奖项显然很有分量
Aaron soon became involved with online programming communities, 他很快就加入了线上编程社区
then in the process of shaping a new tool for the Web. 为互联网设计一个新工具
He comes up to me and is like, "Ben, there's this really awesome thing that I'm working on." 他走向我，说：我做的事情真是酷毙了
"You need to hear about it!" 你一定要听我说说我现在在干嘛
"Yeah, what is it?" 我总是一头雾水，摸不着头脑
"It's this thing called RSS." 他说，这玩意儿叫做RSS
And he explains to me what RSS is. I'm like, "Why is that useful, Aaron?" 然后他跟我解释什么叫做RSS。我还是很茫然：这东西有什么用？
"Is any site using it? Why would I want to use it?" 网站会用它吗？为什么我会想用它？
There was this mailing list for people who are working on RSS, and XML more generally, 这有一个邮件列表（早期互联网社区形式），里面列出的大部分是RSS和XML的编程人员
and there was a person on it named Aaron Swartz who was combative but very smart, 其中有个家伙叫艾伦•斯沃茨，很好胜，很聪明
and who had lots of good ideas, and 他总有许多创意
he didn't ever come to the face-to-face meetings, and they said, 他好像从来不参加当面交流的集会
"You know, when are you gonna come out to one of these face-to-face meetings?" 其他人问他，你什么时候才会参与我们的群聊
And he said, "You know, I don't think my mom would let me. I've just turned fourteen." 他说：你知道的，我才14岁，我妈不会让我去的啦
And so their first reaction was: "Well, this person, this colleague we've been working with all year 所以听者的第一反应就是：原来我们合作了一整年的同事
was thirteen years old while we were working with him, and he's only fourteen now." 刚来时才13岁，现在才14岁
And their second reaction was: 他们接下来的反应就是
"Christ, we really want to meet him. That's extraordinary!" 天啊，我们一定要见见他，这也太不可思议了！
He was part of the committee that drafted RSS. 他是RSS创建团队的成员之一
What he was doing was to help build the plumbing for modern hypertext. 他当时正在为现在通行的超文本构建框架
The piece that he was working on, RSS, was a tool that you can use to get summaries 而他在草拟的工具，RSS，是一个用于整合信息的工具
of things that are going on on other web pages. 能把各处网站的信息汇总起来
Most commonly, you would use this for a blog. 你可以用它来阅读博客
You might have 10 or 20 people's blogs you wanna read. 也许你想看10个人或者20个人的博客
You use their RSS feeds, these summaries of what's going on on those other pages 你订阅一个RSS源，其中就聚合了那些博客里的信息
to create a unified list of all the stuff that's going on. RSS源会整理出一张清单，让你知道他们都写了什么
Aaron was really young, but he understood the technology and he saw that it was imperfect 艾伦年纪轻轻深得技术的精髓，他看到技术的不足之处
and looked for ways to help make it better. 就想改进它
So his mom started bundling him on planes in Chicago. We'd pick him up in San Francicso. 所以他妈妈把他送去了芝加哥，我们在旧金山跟他会面
We'd introduce him to interesting people to argue with, and we'd marvel at his horrific eating habits. 我们把他介绍给各种牛人，相互交流。我们对他奇特的饮食习惯感到惊讶
He only ate white food, only like steamed rice and not fried rice 'cause that wasn't sufficiently white 他只吃白色食物，比如蒸熟的饭，他不吃炒饭，因为炒饭不是纯正的白色
and white bread, and so on... 他还吃白面包之类的
and you kind of marveled at the quality of the debate emerging from this, 你会惊讶于那些如此有深度的话
what appeared to be a small boy's mouth, 居然出自这个小男孩之口
and you'd think, this is a kid that's really going to get somewhere if he doesn't die of scurvy. 你会觉得，如果这个小孩没有因为吃太少死于坏血病什么的，一定会干出一番事业
Aaron, you're up! 亚伦，该你发言了
I think the difference is that now you can't make companies like dotcoms. 我认为区别在于你现在不能创办出像达康那样的公司
You can't have companies that just sell dog food over the Internet, or sell dog food over cell phones. 你不能去做仅仅在线上和移动端销售鸡肋产品的公司
But there's still a lot of innovation going on. 但仍然有很多创新的事正在萌发
I think that maybe if you don't see the innovation, maybe your head is in the sand. 如果你没有看到它们，我认为你就可能是井底之蛙了
He takes on this, like an alpha nerd personality, where he's 他身上具有的alpha型性格（指一种认为自己有义务和能力去改变坏时代的救世精神）
sort of like, "I'm smarter than you, and because I'm smarter than you, I'm better than you, 就像：我比你更聪明，正因如此，我比你更有能力和资格
and I can tell you what to do." 去告诉你应该怎么做
It's an extension of, like, him being kind of like a twerp. 这是一种自我膨胀，他是个有点让人讨厌的家伙
So you aggregate all these computers together and now they're solving big problems 你把所有电脑集中起来，就可以解决大问题
like searching for aliens and trying to cure cancer. 像探秘外星人或尝试治愈癌症
I first met him on IRC, on Internet Relay Chat. 我第一次到注意他的行动，是在IRC上 （IRC:一款聊天软件）
He didn't just write code, he also got people excited about solving problems he got. 他不仅只写代码，也使人们因能够解决问题而兴奋
He was a connector. 他是一个联结者
The free culture movement has had a lot of his energy. 他投入了很多精力在自由文化运动中
I think Aaron was trying to make the world work. He was trying to fix it. 我觉得亚伦正在试着去让世界变好，他正尝试去修复这个世界
He had a very kind of strong personality that definitely ruffled feathers at times. 他的个性很强，肯定不时碰壁
It wasn't necesarily the case that he was always comfortable in the world 这个世上没有哪件事让他觉得舒服称心
and the world wasn't always comfortable with him. 他与这个世界格格不入
Aaron got into high school and was really just sick of school. 亚伦去上了中学，但他很讨厌学校
He didn't like it. He didn't like any of the classes that were being taught. He didn't like the teachers. 他不喜欢上学，他不喜欢任何一门课，他不喜欢那些老师
Aaron really knew how to get information. 但亚伦却知道怎么获取知识
He was like, "I don't need to go to this teacher to learn how to do geometry. 他的态度是，我不需要非得去学校课堂里学习几何
I can just read the geometry book, 我可以自己学习几何
and I don't need to go to this teacher to learn their version of American history, 我不需要跟着老师去学他们口中的美国历史
I have, like, three historical compilations here, I could just read them, 比如我喜欢这三本历史汇编书籍，我就可以自己阅读
and I'm not interested in that. I'm interested in the Web." 但我对那些不感兴趣，我真正感兴趣的是网络
I was very frustrated with school. I thought the teachers didn't know what they were talking about, 我对学校相当反感，我认为这些老师自己也不知道自己在讲什么
and they were domineering and controlling, and the homework was kind of a sham, 他们非常爱摆弄权威和控制，家庭作业也充满水分
and it was all just like all about a way to pen students all together and force them to do busywork. 他们似乎用尽全力把学生关起来，逼他们去努力学习
And, you know, I started reading books about the history of education 我开始读有关教育史方面的书
and how this educational system was developed, 和教育体系发展方面的书
and, you know, alternatives to it and ways that people could actually learn things 通过灵活的方式去做事，人们才可以真正的学到东西
as opposed to just regurgitating facts that teachers told them, 不能仅仅咀嚼老师们教的东西
and that kind of led me down this path of questioning things, once I questioned the school I was in, 学校那一套教育方式让我对探索真知的道路很失望，一旦我质疑我所在的学校
I questioned the society that built the school, I questioned the businesses that the schools were training people for, 我就会质疑症个社会构建的学校，质疑学校培养的各行各业的工作者
I questioned the government that set up this whole structure. 我质疑政府，正是它造成这样一整个社会结构
One of the thing he was most passionate about was copyright, especially in those early days. 在早年间，他最热衷的事是版权问题
Copyright has always been something of a burden on the publishing industry and on readers, 版权对出版业和读者来说一直是种负担
but it wasn't an excessive burden. It was a reasonable institution to have in place 但是那不是过度的负担，版权的存在是合理的
to make sure that people got paid. 它让作者获得报酬
What Aaron's generation experienced was the collision between this antique copyright system 亚伦这一代人经历的是旧的版权制度和我们正在尝试建立的新事物之间的冲突
and this amazing new thing we were trying to build--the Internet and the Web. 新事物即互联网和网络
These things collided, and what we got was chaos. 这些相互冲突，导致我们最后获得了一团乱麻
He then met Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig, 他拜访了哈佛的法律教授Lawrence Lessig
who was then challenging copyright law in the Supreme Court. 那时候，教授向最高法院提出了对版权法的质疑
A young Aaron Swartz flew to Washington to listen to the Supreme Court hearings. 年轻的亚伦随即去往华盛顿去听最高法院听证会
I am Aaron Swartz and I'm here to listen to the Eldred--to see the Eldred document. 我是亚伦，我来这是为了听Eldred……来看Eldred发言的
Why did you fly out here from Chicago, and come all this way to see the Eldred argument? 为什么你从芝加哥飞过来并且想尽办法来看Eldred发言？
That's a more difficult question... 这是个很复杂的问题
I don't know. It's very exciting to see the Supreme Court, 我不知道，能来最高法院听证，我感到很兴奋
especially in such a prestigious case as this one. 尤其是这次有一个这么著名的案例
Lessig was also moving forward with a new way to define copyright on the Internet. Lessig教授也用了新的方法去探索如何定义因特网中的版权
It was called Creative Commons. 这被称作知识共享
So the simple idea of Creative Commons is to give people--creators-- 所以我认为，知识共享意思就是给创作者
a simple way to mark their creativity with the freedoms they intended to carry. 一个简单的方法去记录他们自由的创想
So if copyright is all about "All Rights Reserved", then this is a kind of a "Some Rights Reserved" model. 如果说旧的版权问题是关于“版权所有”，现在的议题就是“部分版权所有”
I want a simple way to say to you, "Here's what you can do with my work, 我想简单的告诉你“你能将我的工作成果应用于这些方面”
even if there are other things which you need to get my permission before you could do." 即“你必须得到我的许可，才能应用于其他方面”
And Aaron's role was the computer part. 亚伦在电脑编程方面发挥了作用
Like, how do you architect the licenses so they'll be simple and understandable 例如用简单易懂的方式设置许可证
and expressed in a way so that machines can process it? 用合适的表达方式，让机器处理进程
And people were like, "Why do you have this fifteen-year-old kid writing the specifications for Creative Commons? 有些人会问，你怎么能让一个十五岁的孩子去写知识共享的格式呢
Don't you think that's a huge mistake?" 你不觉得这是个大错？
And Larry is like, "The biggest mistake we would have done is not listening to this kid." LARRY回答：“最大的错误是我们没有听那个孩子的建议。”
He barely is not even tall enough to even get over the podium, 他只是不够高，所以不能登上领奖台
and it was this movable podium so it was this embarrassing thing, 尴尬的是领奖台不可以调高
where once he put his screen up nobody could see his face. 一旦这场面被放上银幕，没有人能够看到他的脸
When you come to our website here, and you go to "Choose License". 当你以作者身份登陆我们的网站，你可以选择许可证页面
It gives you this list of options, it explains what it means, and you've got three simple questions: 它列出了选择清单，解释了许可证的意思，你只需回答三个简单的问题
"Do you want to require attribution?" 你要求归属权么？
"Do you want to allow commercial uses of your work?" 你允许你的作品被用于商业用途吗？
"Do you want to allow modifications of your work?" 你允许你的作品被修改吗？
I was floored, just completely flabbergasted that these adults regarded him as an adult, 我很震惊，很惊讶这些成年人把他当做成年人看
and Aaron stood up there in front of a whole audience full of people, and just started talking 亚伦在所有观众面前站起来
about the platform that he'd created for Creative Commons, 讲他为知识共享创造的平台
and they were all listening to him, just... 他们都认真倾听
I was sitting at the back, thinking: he's just a kid, why are they listening to him? 我当时坐在后面想，“他只是个孩子，为什么大家都听一个孩子的？”
But they did... 但他们就是听了
Well, I don't think I comprehended it fully. 好吧，我不认为我可以完全理解
Though critics have said it does little to ensure artists get paid for their work, 虽然批评者说，这样做不能确保作品创造者能得到报酬
the success of Creative Commons has been enormous. 知识共享取得了巨大的成功
Currently on the website Flickr alone, over 200 million people use some form of Creative Commons license. 目前单单是一个FLICKR网站(分享信息的系统软件），就能使超过2亿的人使用某些知识共享的许可
He contributed through his technical abilities, and yet it was not simply a technical matter to him. 亚伦靠他的技术能力成名了，虽然对他而言，这已经不单单是一件技术活儿了
Aaron often wrote candidly in his personal blog: 亚伦经常在他的私人博客里畅所欲言
I think deeply about things, and I want others to do likewise. 我深度思考事情并且我希望其他人也像我这样做
I work for ideas and learn from people. I don't like excluding people. 我为创意而工作，也向别人学习。我不喜欢排斥别人或把人分成三六九等
I'm a perfectionist, but I won't let that get in the way of publication. 我是一个完美主义者，但我不会让这阻碍出版事业
Except for education and entertainment, I'm not going to waste my time 除了教育和娱乐业
on things that won't have an impact. 我不会浪费时间在没有影响力的事情上
I try to be friends with everyone, but I hate it when you don't take me seriously. 我试着和每个人交朋友，但如果别人不把我当回事，不尊重我，我也会不爽
I don't hold grudges, it's not productive, but I learn from my experience. 我不会积怨，但我会吸取经验
I want to make the world a better place. 我想让世界变得更好
In 2004, Swartz leaves Highland Park and enrolls in Stanford University. 在2004年，斯沃茨离开海兰帕德，考上斯坦福大学
He'd had ulcerative colitis which was very troubling, and we were concerned about him taking his medication. 他仍患有溃疡性结肠炎，这个病很麻烦。们很担心他的用药情况
He got hospitalized and he would take this cocktail of pills every day, 他得住院，每天服用大把的药片
and one of those pills was a steroid which stunted his growth, 有种药片是类固醇，这东西会影响他的发育
and made him feel different from any of the other students. 这让他觉得自己和其他学生不一样
Aaron, I think, shows up at Stanford ready to do scholarship 亚伦出现在斯坦福大学，我觉得奖学金就是为他准备的
and finds himself in effectively a babysitting program for overachieving high-schoolers 他在自己幼年时期就充分发掘自我潜能，以超越同期的高中孩子
who in four years are meant to become captains of industry and one-percenters 这些高中的孩子在四年后可能成为大企业的智囊
and I think it just made him bananas. 我认为只有百分之一的人让他难以超越
In 2005, after only one year of college, 在2005年，仅仅在上大学的一年半后
Swartz was offered a spot at a new start-up incubation firm called Y Combinator, lead by Paul Graham. 在Paul Graham带领的新的启动孵化公司——Paul Graham，斯沃茨受到了重视
He's like, "Hey, I have this idea for a a website." 他那时候，说，我有一个关于网站的想法
And Paul Graham likes him enough, and says, "Yeah, sure." Paul Graham很喜欢他，说，好啊，当然可以
So Aaron drops out of school, moves to this apartment... 所以亚伦退学，搬到了这个公寓
So this used to be Aaron's apartment when he moved here. 以前他住在这里时，这里就是亚伦的房间
I have vague memories of my father telling me how difficult it was to get a lease 父亲当时告诉我获得租约有多困难，我对此事还有一点模糊的印象
'cause Aaron had no credit and he dropped out of college. 因为亚伦由于没有信用，并且从大学辍学了
Aaron lived in what's now the living room and some of the posters are leftover from when Aaron lived here. 亚伦住在现在被称为客厅的房间，一些海报还留在墙上
And then the library...there are more books, but a lot of them are Aaron's. 这是图书室，以前有更多的书，很多都是亚伦的
Aaron's Y Combinator site was called "infogami", a tool to build websites. 亚伦的YC 据点被称作"infogami ",一个建立网站的工具 251,
But infogami struggles to find users, and Swartz eventually 但是"infogami"很难找到使用者
merges his company with another Y Combinator project in need of help. 斯沃茨最终把他的公司并入另一个YC项目以寻求帮助
It was a project headed by Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, called "Reddit". 这是SH和AO创立的项目，叫做REDDIT（红迪网）
There we were, starting from almost nothing. No users, no money, no code, 我们白手起家，没有用户，没有资金，没有程序代码
and growing day by day into a hugely popular website, 逐渐发展成一个十分受欢迎的网站
And it showed no signs of letting up. 而且网站没有衰落的迹象
First we had 1000 users, then 10000, then 20000 and on, and on...It was just incredible. 刚开始我们有1000名用户，接着是1万，然后达到2万，用户慢慢多到难以置信
Reddit becomes huge and it's a real sort of geeky corner of the Internet. 红迪越做越大，它是因特网上一个真正的极客聚集区
There's a lot of humor, there's a lot of art, and there's just people who flock to the site, 这里有很多幽默的人、很多搞艺术的人，还有很多别的人不停涌进来
and make that site the main site they go to every morning to get their news. 红迪网是他们每日必进，获取消息的主要网站
reddit kind of just borders on chaos at some levels, 红迪网在某种程度上来说近乎混乱
so on the one hand it's a place where people discuss news of the day, technology, politics and issues, 另一方面，它是人们讨论每日新闻、科技、政治、各种难题的地方
and yet there is a lot of kind of Not Safe For Work material, offensive material, 可是那儿也有些违反工作安全或者泄露隐私的信息
there are some sub-reddits where trolls find a welcome home, 一些“副红迪区域”是钓鱼人的宜居之地(钓鱼人：故意在网上发送错误的邮件来骚扰别人并接收来自单纯或天真的用户对错误的 "修正")
and so, in that sense reddit has been kind of home to controversy, as well. 所以，红迪备受争议
It kind of sites on that edge of chaos. 这是个在混乱边缘的网站
reddit catches the attention of the corporate magazine giant Condé Nast, 网站吸引了企业杂志巨头"Condé Nast"的注意和兴趣
who makes an offer to buy the company. "Condé Nast"有意收购红迪
Some large amount of money, large enough that my dad was getting bugged with questions 收购价很高，牵连出一串问题，让我父亲心烦意乱
about like: "How do I store this money?" 他会想“如何保存这些钱？”
- Like a lot of money... - Like a lot of money. —面对这么多钱 —面对这么多钱
Like probably more than a million dollars, but I don't actually know. 可能超过一百万美元。但我也不太清楚
- And he's how old at the time? - 19, 20. —他那时多大？ —19 ，20 岁的样子
So it was in this apartment. They sat around on what predated these couches, 他就在这间公寓，他们坐在这些长沙发上
hacking on Reddit, and when they sold Reddit 当他们卖掉红迪后，入侵红迪
they threw a giant party, and then all flew out to California the next day, 他们办了一个大型的派对，第二天就去了加利福尼亚
and left the keys with me. 他们把钥匙交给了我
It was funny, you know, he'd just sold his start-up so we all presumed 这很有趣,他只是卖掉了他的创业项目，
he was the richest person around 我们就觉得他是我们中间最富有的人
but he said, "Oh no, I'll take this tiny little shoebox-sized room. That's all I need." 但是他说：“不，我要留着这个鞋盒一样的房间，我需要的就是这个”
It was barely larger than a closet. 它就比一个壁橱大一点
The idea of him spending his money on fancy objects just seemed so implausible. 他把钱花在这些奇葩的事情上，这种想法让人觉得难以置信
He explains it as, "I like living in apartments so I'm not going to spend a lot of money on a new place to live. I'm not gonna buy a mansion, 他解释说 “我喜欢住在公寓里，所以我不会花太多的钱换新住处，我不想买什么别墅。”
and I like wearing jeans and a T-shirt, 我喜欢穿牛仔裤和T恤
so I'm not going to spend any more money on clothes. 所以我不会花太多钱在衣服上
So it's really no big deal." 这对我来说不是什么大事
What is a big deal to Swartz is how traffic flows on the internet, 对斯沃茨来说，真正的大事是如何在网络自由活动
and what commands our attention. 和怎样吸引我们的注意
In the old system of broadcasting, you're fundamentally limited by the amount of space in the airwaves. 在过去的广播体系中，本质上，你被电波所能承载的空间所束缚
You could only send out ten channels over the airwaves, television 你仅能通过电波放出十个频道
or even with cable, you had 500 channels. 用电缆的话，你可以有五百个频道
On the Internet, everybody can have a channel. Everyone can get a blog, or a MySpace page. 但在网络上每个人都可以有一个频道 ， 每个人都可以有一个博客或者是一个聚友主页
Everyone has a way of expressing themselves. 每个人都有一个表达自我的途径
What you see now is not a question of who gets access to the airwaves, 你会发现，谁拿到波段的使用权不重要
it's a question of who gets control over the ways you find people. 重要的是谁控制着你找到受众的途径
You know, you start seeing power centralizing in sites like Google, 你开始寻找数据集中化的网站，比如谷歌
these sort of gatekeepers that tell you where on the internet you want to go. 在这种门户网站上，你可以得知你想要的信息到底在哪
The people who provide you your sources of news and information. 这些网站的工作者给你提供新闻信息资源
So it's not only certain people have a license to speak, 这证明，并不是只有某些人有权力发言
now everyone has a license to speak. It's a question of who gets heard. 现在每个人都有话语权。接下来的问题是，谁能被真正倾听到
After he started working in San Francisco at Condé Nast, he comes into the office 亚伦开始在旧金山的Conde Nast工作之后，他走进办公室
and they want to give him a computer with all this crap installed on it 他们想给他一台装有垃圾软件的电脑
and say he can't install any new things on this computer, 也不允许他在电脑上装任何新的东西
which to developers is outrageous. 这对于一个开发人员是很粗暴的
From the first day, he was complaining about all the stuff. 从第一天起，他就一直在抱怨
"Gray walls, gray desks, gray noise. The first day I showed up here, I simply couldn't take it. “灰色墙壁，灰色桌子，灰色噪音。从第一天来到这里我就无法接受
By lunchtime, I had literally locked myself in a bathroom stall and started crying. “到了午饭时间，我把我自己关在卫生间里哭
I can't imagine staying sane with someone buzzing in my ear all day “我不能想象有人在耳朵边嗡嗡一整天我还能保持清醒
Let alone getting any actual work done. “还能忽略它完成任何手头的工作
Nobody else seems to get work done here either “也没有人能在这种条件下完成工作
Everybody's always coming into our room to hang out and chat, or invite us to play “每个人都在房间里进出，闲逛，聊天，或者邀请我们玩新的
the new video game system that Wired is testing." 还在测试中的视频游戏”
He really had different aspirations that were politically-oriented, 他有些不一样的想法，这些想法是有政治导向的
and Silicon Valley just doesn't really quite have that culture 硅谷没有以政治目的为导向
that orients technical activity for the purposes of political goals. 做技术研发的传统
Aaron hated working for a corporation. 亚伦讨厌为公司工作
They all hate working for Condé Nast, but Aaron is the only one who is not going to take it. 许多人都讨厌为"Conde Nast"工作，但是亚伦好像是唯一一个不打算继续干的人
And Aaron basically gets himself fired. 然后他不再去办公室
By not showing up to work, ever. 就这样，他被永远解雇了
It was said to be a messy breakup. 据说这是一个不太愉快的解约
Both Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman declined to be interviewed for this film. Alexis Ohanian 和 Steve Huffman都拒绝接受这个纪录片的采访
He rejected the business world. One of the really important things to remember about 他拒绝了整个商业界。我们真正需要记住的是，
that choice when Aaron decided to leave start-up culture is that he was also leaving behind 当亚伦选择放弃商业时
the things that had made him famous and well-loved, and he was at risk of letting down fans. 他同时也选择放弃了成名，选择让他的粉丝们失望
He got to where he was supposed to be going, and had the self-awareness 他去了他该去的地方，他有自知之明
and the orneriness to realize that he had climbed the mountain of shit to pluck 他明白自己已经爬上了粪便堆积的山丘
the single rose and discovered that he'd lost his sense of smell, 采摘到了唯一一朵玫瑰，却发现玫瑰失去了它应有的芳香
and rather than sit there and insist that it wasn't as bad as it seemed, 但他不愿就这样呆在原地，他固执地认为事情并不像看起来那么糟
and he did get the rose in any event, 不管怎样，他都拿到了玫瑰
he climbed back down again, which is pretty cool. 他选择重走下山之路，这真的很酷！
The way Aaron always saw it, is that programming is magic-- 亚伦认为编程就是魔法
you can accomplish these things that normal humans can't, by being able to program. 你可以通过编程完成普通人不能完成的事情
So if you had magical powers, would you use them for good, or to make you mountains of cash? 如果你有魔法，你会使用魔法做一些好事，还是给自己堆一座金山?
Swartz was inspired by one of the visionaries he had met as a child. 斯沃茨被他儿时见到的一个理想主义者所激励
The man who had invented the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee. 这个人就是发明了万维网的Tim Berners-Lee
In the 1990s, Berners-Lee was arguably sitting on 在二十世纪九十年代，有人认为Berners-Lee的发明
one of the most lucrative inventions of the 20th century, 会成为二十世纪最赚钱的发明之一
but instead of profiting from the invention of the World Wide Web, he gave it away for free. 但是他没有用万维网的发明来牟利，他把它免费贡献出来
It is the only reason the World Wide Web exists today. 这就是万维网存在到今天的唯一原因
Aaron is certainly deeply influenced by Tim. 亚伦深深地受到Tim的影响
Tim is certainly a very prominent early Internet genius, who doesn't in any sense cash out. Tim确实是个非常的杰出的网络天才，他没有没想过拿它来赚钱
He's not at all interested in how he's going to figure out how to make a billion dollars. 他对怎样赚到十亿美元并不感兴趣
People were saying, "Ah, there's money to be made there," 人们会说：“这儿有很多钱可以赚。”
so there would have been lots of little webs, 所以很多小网站涌现出来
instead of one big one, 而不聚合成一个大网站
and one little web, and all sorts of webs doesn't work, 一个小网站或者一堆独立的网站也没什么用
because you can't follow links from one to the other. 因为你不能从一个网页链接到另一个网页
You had to have the critical masses--the thing was the entire planet, 你必须拥有一些链接点，这些网站才能成为一个完整的生态系统
so it's not going to work unless the whole planet can get on board. 只有这整个生态系统存在，这些网站才能运转正常
I feel very strongly that it's not enough to just live in the world as it is, 我非常强烈地感受到人不能生活在循规蹈矩中
to just kind of take what you're given, and you know, follow the things that adults told you to do, 被前人的经验所束缚
and that your parents told you to do, and that society tells you to do. I think you should always be questioning 而应该勇于提出质疑 .
I take this very scientific attitude, that everything you've learned is just provisional, 我会采取这样一种学术态度，即所有学到的知识只是暂时的
that it's always open to recantation or refutation or questioning, and I think the same applies to society. 它是可以被改变、被反驳、被质疑的，且这个理论同样适用于整个社会
Once I realized that there were real serious problems--fundamental problems-- 一旦我认识到有真正严重的问题，原则性问题时，
that I could do something to address, I didn't see a way to forget that. I didn't see a way not to. 一些我可以采取措施去解决的基础性问题时，我不能忽略它，为什么不想办法解决呢
We just started spending a lot of time, 我们才刚刚开始彼此长时间接触
just kind of as friends. 就像朋友一样
We would just talk, for hours, into the night. 我们在晚上只是单纯聊天也可以聊很久
I definitely should have understood that he was flirting with me. I think to some degree, 我当然知道，他是在和我调情，从某些方面来讲
I was, like, this is a terrible idea, and impossible, and therefore I will pretend it is not happening. 我觉得这个想法不好，是不可能有好结果的，因此我假装它从未发生过
As my marriage was breaking down, and I was really stuck without anywhere to go, 我刚好离婚了，当时真的感到无家可归
we became roommates, and I brought my daughter over. 我们同居了，我把女儿带了过来
We moved in, and furnished the house, and it was really peaceful. 我们搬进来，添置了家居，在这里生活非常平静
My life had not been peaceful for a while, and really neither had his. 我的生活真的没试过这么平静
We were extremely close from the beginning of our romantic relationship. 我们的关系从一开始就变得极其亲密、浪漫
We just...we were in constant contact. 我们时常联系对方
But we're both really difficult people to deal with. [laughs] 但我们都是很难相处的人（笑）
In a very Ally McBeal discussion, he confessed he had a theme song, and I made him play it for me. 在一次 Very Ally McBeal 的讨论中，他说他会一个主题曲，我就让他弹给我听
It was "Extraordinary Machine" by Fiona Apple. Fiona Apple说：“非常好！”
I think it was just that sense of kind of being a little bit embattled that the song has, 但我觉得那首歌有点让人心烦意乱
and it also had, like, this hopefulness to it. 它也有充满希望的意味
♪ By foot it's a slow climb, but I'm good at being uncomfortable so I can't stop ♪ 这是一段遥远的路程，但我很享受这个过程
changing all the time ♪ ♪ 所以我必须不停改变
In many ways, Aaron was tremendously optimistic about life. Even when he didn't feel it, 从很多方面来讲，亚伦对于生活都是极其乐观的，即使他没有意识到这点
he could be tremendously optimistic about life. 他对生活真的非常乐观！
♪ Extraordinary machine ♪
- What are you doing? 你在干什么呢？ (Quinn) - Flicker has video now. 在Flicker做视频
Swartz threw his energy into a string of new 斯沃茨把他的精力都放在一系列新的
projects involving access to public information, 涉及到公共信息使用权的项目上
including an accountability webside called Watchdog.net, 包括一个叫Watchdog.net的问责制网站
and a project called The Open Library. 还有一个叫开放图书馆的项目
So, the Open Library Project is a website you can visit at openlibrary.org, 开放图书馆项目是一个网站，网址是openlibrary.org
and the idea is to be a huge wiki, an editable website with one page per book. 我们的想法是它可以做成一个大型的维基百科，一个每本书只有一页的可编辑网站
So for every book ever published, we want to have a web page about it that combines 因而对于已经出版发行的每一本书，我们希望有一个关于它的网页，这个网页
all the information from publishers, from booksellers, from libraries, from readers 包括这本书从发行商、销售商、图书馆、读者等方面得到的所有信息
onto one site, and then gives you links where you can buy it, you can borrow it, or you can browse it. 所有信息都只在一个网页上，这个网页可以给你链接，方便找到购买、租借或浏览这本书的地方
I love libraries. I'm the kind of person who goes to a new city and immediately seeks out the library. 我喜欢图书馆，我是那种每到一个新城市就立即去找图书馆的人
That's the dream of Open Library, is building this website where both you can leap 建立这个网站是我们关于开放图书馆的梦想
from book to book, from person to author, from subject to idea, go through this vast tree 可以让你能够实现从一本书到另一本书、从读者到作者、从主题到主旨之间的跳跃
of knowledge that's been embedded and lost in big physical libraries, that's hard to find, 去体验这个储存着海量知识的“智慧树”，它根植于实体图书馆，而且已经迷失其中，所以知识非常难找
that's not very well-accessible online. It's really important because books are our cultural legacy. 即便是在线也不容易获取。书籍是我们的文化遗产，所以非常重要
Books are the place people go to write things down, 书籍是人类记录事情、记录历史的地方
and to have all that swallowed up by one corporation is kind of scary. 但所有的这些信息都被一家公司覆盖，这是无法想象的
How can you bring public access to the public domain? 你能怎样让公众有权进入公共领域?
It may sound obvious that you'd have public access to the public domain, 这似乎显示着你已经有了公共领域内的公共访问权
but in fact it's not true. So the public domain should be free to all, but it's often locked up. 但实际上并不是这样。公共领域本应对所有公众免费开放，但事实上它却常常关闭
There's often guard cages. It's like having a national park but with a moat around it, 它总是设有警戒，就像一个国家公园，周围建有护城河环绕着
and gun turrets pointed out, in case somebody might want to actually come and enjoy the public domain. 有枪炮守卫着周围，一切都是为了防止公众进入并享用公共领域
One of the things Aaron was particularly interested in was bringing public access to the public domain. 亚伦对如何让公众有进入公共领域的权力一事很感兴趣
This is one of the things that got him into so much trouble. 这件事也给他带来很多麻烦
I had been trying to get access to federal court records in the United States. 我已经尝试获得使用美国联邦法院的记录
What I discovered was a puzzling system called PACER. 我发现了一个让人迷惑的体系，它叫做PACER
Which stands for Public Access to Court Electronic Records. 它代表着联邦法院电子信息记录的公共访问权
I started Googling, and that's when I ran across Carl Malamud. 我开始在谷歌上搜索它时，我撞见了Carl Malamud
Access to legal materials in the United States is a ten billion dollar per year business. 在美国获取法律材料是一项每年一百亿的生意
PACER is just this incredible abomination of government services. It's ten cents a page, PACER正是这种难以置信的、令人厌恶的政府服务。每页要花费十美分
it's this most brain-dead code you've ever seen. You can't search it. You can't bookmark anything. 这是你曾见过的最愚蠢的代码，你搜索不到它，你不能标记任何东西
You've got to have a credit card, and these are public records. 你必须要有一张信用卡，这些是公共档案
U.S. district courts are very important; it's where a lot of our seminal litigation starts. 美国地方法院非常重要，它是许多影响深远的诉讼开始的地方
Civil rights cases, patent cases, all sorts of stuff. Journalists, students, citizens and lawyers 民事权利案件，专利案件，所有案件。记者、学生、公民和律师
all need access to PACER, and it fights them every step of the way. 都需要通过PACER才能获得 ，而PACER却步步阻拦他们
People without means can't see the law as readily as people that have that Gold American Express card. 没有收入的人们无法像那些有美国运通金卡的人们一样便利地借助法律
It's a poll tax on access to justice. 它是通向正义路途上的人头税
You know, the law is the operating system of our democracy, and you have to pay to see it? 法律是我们民主的操作系统，而你却不得不支付费用才能使用它
You know, that's not much of a democracy. 那可称不上是民主
They make about 120 million dollars a year on the PACER system, 依靠PACER系统，他们每年能赚1.2亿美金左右
and it doesn't cost anything near that, according to their own records. In fact, it's illegal. 而根据他们自己的记录，它不需要任何成本。实际上，这是不合法的
The E-Government Act of 2002 states that the courts may charge only to the extent necessary, 2002年的《电子政府法案》指出，法庭只收取必要的钱
in order to reimburse the costs of running PACER. 以偿还运营PACER的费用
As the founder of Public.Resource.Org, Malamud wanted to protest the PACER charges. 作为Public.Resource.Org的建立者 Malamud想要抗议PACER的收费
He started a program called The PACER Recycling Project, 他启动了一个叫做PACER回收计划的程序
where people could upload PACER documents they had already paid for 在这里人们可以上传他们已经支付过的PACER文档
to a free database so others could use them. 到一个免费的数据库，这样其他人也可以使用这些文档
The PACER people were getting a lot of flack from Congress and others about public access, PACER的工作人员从国会和其他人那里收到了很多关于公共访问权的严厉指责
and so they put together a system in 17 libraries across the country that was free PACER access. 于是他们组建了一个可以免费进入PACER的系统分别置于全国各地的十七家图书馆中
You know, that's one library every 22,000 square miles, I believe, so it wasn't like really convenient. 一个图书馆大约有22000平方英里大，所以我认为那并不是很方便
I encouraged volunteers to join the so-called Thumb Drive Corps, 我鼓励志愿者加入“闪存盘战队”
and download docs from the public access libraries, upload them to the PACER recycling site. 从那17家图书馆中下载文档然后上传到PACER回收站里
People take a thumb drive into one of these libraries, and they download a bunch of documents, 人们把闪存盘带入其中一个图书馆里下载大量的文件
and they send them to me. I mean, it was just a joke. 然后把文件传送给我……我开玩笑呢
In fact, when you clicked on Thumb Drive Corps, there was a Wizard of Oz, 实际上，当你点击“闪存盘战队”的时候，会出现“绿野仙踪”
you know, the Munchkins singing, so a videoclip came up: 小矮人们唱着歌，然后会一段视频出现了
♪ We represent the lollipop guild...♪ “我们代表棒棒糖协会……”
But of course, I get this phone calls from Steve Shultz and Aaron, saying, 但是当然，我从Steve Shultz 和亚伦那里接到电话，说：
"Gee, we'd like to join the Thumb Drive Corps." “Gee，我们想要加入闪存盘战队。”
Around that time, I ran into Aaron at a conference. 大概在那时，我在一次会议上撞见了亚伦
This is something that really has to be a collaboration between a lot of different people. 这是一件需要协调很多方面的事情
So I approached him and I said, 所以我联系了他
"Hey, I am thinking about an intervention on the PACER problem." “嘿 我正在考虑入侵PACER的问题。”
Schultz had already developed a program that could automatically download PACER documents Schultz已经开发了一个可以通过那17个图书馆自动下载PACER上的文档的程序
from the trial libraries.
Swartz wanted to take a look. 斯沃茨想看一眼
So, I showed him the code, and I didn't know what would come next, 于是我就把代码告诉了他，我不知道接下来会发生什么
but as it turns out, over the course of the next few hours at that conference, 但是事实证明，在那个会议上接下来的几个小时
he was off sitting in a corner, improving my code, recruiting a friend of his 他离开座位然后坐到一个角落里，改进我的代码，
that lived near one of these libraries to go into the library, and to begin to test his improved code. 找了他一个住在其中一家图书馆附近的朋友去图书馆里，开始测试他改进过的代码
At which point the folks at the courts realized something is not going quite according to plan. 此时，法院的人们意识到一些事情并没有按照计划进行
And data started to come in, and come in, and come in 然后数据开始不断涌进来
and soon there was 760 GB of PACER docs, about 20 million pages. 不久就有了760GB的PACER文档 大概有两千万页内容
Using information retrieved from the trial libraries, 利用这些从图书馆获得的信息
Swartz was conducting massive automated parallel downloading of the PACER system. 斯沃茨引导大量从PACER系统自动并行下载得到的东西
He was able to acquire nearly 2.7 million Federal Court documents, almost 20 million pages of text. 他也能获取大约二百七十万份联邦法庭的文件，约两千万页文本
Now, I'll grant you that 20 million pages had perhaps exceed the expectations of the people 现在，我承认两千万页也许已经超出了参与运营试点接入计划人们的预期
running the pilot access project, but surprising a bureaucrat isn't illegal. 但是让那些官僚大吃一惊并不是犯法的事
Aaron and Carl decided to go talk to The New York Times about what happened. 亚伦和Carl决定向《纽约时报》坦言发生的一切
They also caught the attention of the FBI, who began to stake out Swartz's parents' house in Illinois. 他们同样引起了联邦调查局的注意，联邦调查局开始监视斯沃茨父母在伊利诺斯州的房子
And I get a tweet from his mother, saying, "Call me!!" 然后我接到了他妈妈的一条推特，写着“打电话给我！”
So, I think, like, what the hell's going on here? 因此我想，到底怎么回事？
And so, finally I get a hold of Aaron and, you know, Aaron's mother was like, "Oh my God, FBI, FBI, FBI!" 于是最终我找到了亚伦，亚伦的妈妈一直在说 ：“天呐，联邦调查局，联邦调查局，联邦调查局！”
An FBI agent drives down our home's driveway, trying to see if Aaron is in his room. 一个调查局特工开车到我们家，想看看亚伦是不是在他的房间
I remember being home that day, and wondering why this car was driving down our driveway, 我记得那天我在家，想知道为什么这辆车会沿着我们家的车道过来
and just driving back up. That's weird! 然后又掉头回去 ，太奇怪了！
Like, five years later I read this FBI file, like, oh my goodness: that was the FBI agent, in my driveway. 大约五年后，我读了调查局的文件，上帝啊——在我家车道上的是调查局特工！
He was terrified. He was totally terrified. 他很害怕，真的很害怕
He was way more terrified after the FBI actually called him up on the phone, 调查局真的给他打过电话之后，他更害怕了
and tried to sucker him into coming down to a coffee shop without a lawyer. 调查局想说服他不带律师一个人去一家咖啡店
He said he went home and lay down on the bed and, you know, was shaking. 他说他回到家，躺在床上浑身发抖
The downloading also uncovered massive privacy violations in the court documents. 下载行为也披露了大量法庭侵犯隐私权的文档
Ultimately, the courts were forced to change their policies as a result, 最后，法庭被迫改变了他们的政策
and the FBI closed their investigation without bringing charges. 联邦调查局结束了调查并且没有带来任何指控
To this day, I find it remarkable 直到今天，我发现这件事情并不寻常：
that anybody, even at the most remote podunk field office of the FBI 任何人，即使是调查局最偏远的的无名小镇的探员也认为
thought that a fitting use for taxpayer dollars was investigating people 对纳税人税款的恰当用途在于，在公众都能诉诸法律的基础上
for criminal theft on the grounds that they had made the law public. 去调查刑事盗窃嫌疑人
How can you call yourself a lawman, 你如何能在称自己为执法者的同时，
and think that there could possibly be anything wrong in this whole world 却又认为使全世界的公众都能求助于法律
with making the law public? 竟可能存在着不当之处？
Aaron was willing to put himself at risk for the causes that he believed in. 亚伦心甘情愿为自己所相信的运动而冒险
Bothered by wealth disparity, Swartz moves beyond technology, and into a broader range of political causes. 他一边困扰于贫富悬殊问题，一边越过了技术领域而进入了更为宽广的政治运动
I went into Congress, and I invited him to come and hang out and intern for us for a while 我进入了国会，然后请他来逛逛并且为我们实习一段时间
so that he could learn the political process. 这样他就可以了解到政治进程
He was sort of learning about new community and new sets of skills and kind of learning to hack politics. 他似乎学习了新社群、一系列新技能还有黑客政治
It seems ridiculous that miners should have to hammer away until their whole bodies are dripping with sweat 这似乎很荒谬，矿工竟然不得不埋头苦干直到他们浑身被汗水浸透
faced with the knowledge that if they dare to stop, they won't able to put food on the table that night, 他们知道如果他们停下工作，他们就没有晚饭吃
while I get to make larger and larger amounts of money each day just by sitting and watching TV. 而我每天只要坐着看电视就可以赚到越来越多的钱
But apparently the world is ridiculous. 但是显然世界就是这么荒谬
So, I co-founded a group called "The Progressive Change Campaign Committee", 所以，我和他人共同建立了一个团体，叫做“进步性改变运动委员会”
and what we try and do is we try to organize people over the Internet who care about progressive politics 我们尝试把网络上那些关心进步性政治的人们组织起来
and moving the country toward a more progressive direction 引领这个国家往更加进步的方向前进
to kind of come together, join our e-mail list, join our campaigns 团结到一起，加入我们的电子邮箱列表，加入我们的运动
and help us to get progressive candidates elected all across the country. 帮助我们从全国各地挑选出有进步思想的候选人
The group is responsible for igniting the grassroots effort behind the campaign to elect Elizabeth Warren to the Senate. 这个团体负责动员基层活动以使Elizabeth Warren能够在参议院的竞选中胜出
He might have thought it was a dumb system but he came in and he said, "I need to learn this system, 他可能觉得这是一个没什么影响的体系，但是他加入了，他说 “我需要了解这个体系”
because it can be manipulated like any social system." 因为它就像任何社会体系那样可以被操控
But his passion for knowledge and libraries didn't take a back seat. 但是他对于知识和图书馆的热情并没有退居幕后
Aaron began to take a closer look at institutions that publish academic journal articles. 亚伦开始近距离观察出版学术期刊和文章的机构
By virtue of being students at a major U.S. university, I assume you have access 通过成为美国一所重点大学的学生，我猜想你能够获取
to a wide variety of scholarly journals. 更宽广范围的学术期刊
Pretty much every major university in the United States pays these sort of licensing fees to organizations like 几乎每一个美国的重点大学都会向一些组织支付这类授权金，比如
JSTOR and Thompson Isi to get access to scholarly journals that the rest of the world can't read. 期刊储存和汤普森信息研究所，这样他们就可以获得其他人不能读到的学术期刊
These scholarly journals and articles are essentially the entire wealth of human knowledge online, 这些学术期刊和文章本质上可以说是在线的人类智慧的全部财富
and many have been paid for with taxpayer money or with government grants, 而且许多已经由纳税人的资金和政府补助金支付过了
but to read them, you often have to pay again handing over steep fees to publishers like Reed-Elsevier. 但是要读到这些期刊，通常你还是需要再向里德-爱思唯尔集团这类出版商支付极高的转让费用
These licenses fees are so substantial that people who are studying in India, instead of studying in United States, 这些授权金数量很大，以至于美国以外的印度研究人员仍
don't have this kind of access. They are locked out from all of these journals. 无法通过这一渠道，他们无法接触到全部的这些期刊
They are locked out from our entire scientific legacy. 他们无法接触到我们整个学术界的遗产
I mean, a lot of these journal articles, they go back to The Enlightenment. 许多学术期刊文章，能够启蒙很多人
Every time someone has written down a scientific paper, it's been scanned, digitized, and put in these collections. 每次有人写了学术论文，就会被扫描并数字化，然后被放入到资料库
That is a legacy that has been brought to us by the history of people doing interesting work, the history of scientists. 这些资料都是那些对工作充满激情的科学家们，通过经年累月的教训，从中总结升华，而后留下的精神遗产
It's a legacy that should belong to us as a commons, as a people, 他们是百姓的遗产，亦是全人类的遗产
but instead, it has been locked up and put online by an handful of for-profit corporations 然而，这些遗产却被那些唯利是图的公司所控制并发布到网上
who then try to get the maximum profit they can out of it. 这些公司会从中谋取暴利
So a researcher paid by the university or the people publishes a paper, 所以那些想专心做学术写论文的学者们
and at the very, very last step of that process, after all the work is done, 最后在发布论文时，在所有工作准备就绪之后
after all the original research is done--the thinking, the lab work, the analysis, after everything is done, 在做完所有的原始研究之后，他们的最初构想，实验室工作，分析工作和其他的一切工作都完成时
at that last stage, then the researcher has to hand over his or her copyright to this multi-billion dollar company. 这些研究人员不得不把他们的版权卖给这个身价几十亿美元的公司
And it's sick. It's an entire economy built on volunteer labor, 这举动是不道德的，因为这全部的经济收益都是由公益途径得来的
and then the publishers sit at the very top and scrape off the cream. 而最后坐收渔翁之利的人却是出版方
Talk about a scam. One publisher in Britain made a profit of three billion dollars last year. 通过这种卑劣途径，一个英国的出版商去年赚了三十亿美元
I mean, what a racket! 然而，这只是暴利的冰山一角！
JSTOR is just a very, very small player in that story 期刊储存系统只是其中非常非常小的一个环节
but for some reason, JSTOR is the player that Aaron decided to confront. 但是出于一些原因，亚伦决定从期刊储存系统下手去改善现状
He'd gone to some conference around Open Access and Open Publishing, 他参加了一些有关讨论开放式阅读和有关出版的会议
and I don't know who the person from JSTOR was, 我不知道期刊储存系统那边派出的人是谁
but I think they--at some point, Aaron asked the question, 但我觉得是亚伦提出了这个主义
"How much would it cost to open up JSTOR in perpetuity?" “永久地开放期刊储存需要花费多少？”
And they gave some--I think it was two hundred million dollars, 一些人说，大概是两亿美元
something that Aaron thought was totally ridiculous. 亚伦觉得这很非常荒谬
Working on a fellowship at Harvard, he knew users on MIT's famously open and fast network next door 作为哈佛大学的研究员，他知道一些麻省理工的用户
had authorized access to the riches of JSTOR. Swartz saw an opportunity. 有权限获得JSTOR上的丰富资源。斯瓦茨从中看到了机会
You have a key to those gates, 当你手握这扇大门的钥匙
and with a little bit of shell script magic, you can get those journal articles. 动一点手脚就能获得期刊文章
On September 24, 2010, 2010年9月24日
Swartz registered a newly purchased Acer laptop 斯瓦茨把他的宏基笔记本电脑连到麻省理工学院的网络上
on the MIT network, under the name "Garry Host". 注册了一个名叫Gary Host的账号
The client name was registered as "GHost laptop". 用户名登记为幽灵电脑
He doesn't hack JSTOR in the traditional sense of hacking. 他黑入JSTOR的方式不同于以往
The JSTOR database was organized, 由于JSTOR的数据库非常的庞大
so it was completely trivial to figure out how you could download all the articles in JSTOR, 弄清一个人在JSTOR怎样下载论文非常麻烦
because it was basically numbered. 因为它主要是编号
It was basically slash slash slash...number article 444024 and -25 and -26. 一串串斜杠，444024章、-25、-26
He wrote a Python script called keepgrabbing.pi, 他编写了一个名叫“keepgrabbing.py”的代码
which was like, keeping grabbing one article after another. 用来获取一篇又一篇文章
The next day, GHost laptop begins grabbing articles, 第二天，幽灵电脑就开始疯狂地下载文章
but soon, the computer's IP address is blocked. For Swartz, it's barely a bump in the road. 很快，电脑的域名就被禁用了，对斯瓦茨来说这简直像大路上踩到地雷
He quickly reassigns his computer's IP address and keeps downloading. 他很快重新注册了电脑的IP继续下载
Well, JSTOR and MIT take a number of steps to try to interfere with this, JSTOR和MIT采取了一系列措施制止
when they notice that this is happening, 当他们发现了数据仍大量外流
and when the more modest steps don't work, 一系列措施都没奏效时
then at a certain stage, JSTOR just cuts off MIT from having access to the JSTOR database. JSTOR干脆切断了服务器与麻省理工学院的连接
So there's a kind of cat-and-mouse game around 此后获取JSTOR的数据就
getting access to the JSTOR database. 变成了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏
Aaron, ultimately, obviously is the cat because he has more technical capability 艾伦无疑就是那只猫，因为他的电脑技术明显要高得多
than the JSTOR database people do in defending them. 跟那些JSTOR服务器的管理员比起来
Eventually, there was an unlocked supply closet in the basement of one of the buildings, 到了后来，他发现在一栋大楼的地下室有网口
and he went, instead of going through WiFi, he went down there and he just plugged his computer directly into the network 于是他不用wifi直接进入地下机房将网络接入到电脑上
and just left it there with an external hard drive downloading these articles to the computer. 只把硬盘留在那里储存下载的文件
Unknown to Swartz, his laptop and hard drive had been found by authorities. 斯瓦茨当时不知道他的电脑和硬盘已经被当局发现
They didn't stop the downloads. 他们没直接让电脑停止下载
Instead, they installed a surveillance camera. 而是而是在机房装上了一台监控摄像头
They found the computer in this room in the basement of an MIT building. 他们在麻省理工学院地下机房找到了那台电脑
They could have unplugged it. They could have waited for the guy to come back and said, 他们本可以拔掉它，或者等着它的主人回来
"Dude, what are you doing, you know, cut it out. Who are you?" 并询问他“小子，在在干什么?关了它，你是谁？”之类的话
They could have done all that kind of stuff, but they didn't. 他们本可以这么做，但是他们没有
What they wanted to do was film it to gather evidence to make a case. 他们想的通过是拍取影像获取证据来立案定罪
That's the only reason you film something like that 只有这才能解释他们为什么安装监控摄像头
At first, the only person caught on the glitchy surveillance camera 起先，被监控摄像头逮个正着的人
was using the closet as a place to store bottles and cans. 是一个收破烂的人
But days later, it caught Swartz. 但几天后，它逮住了斯瓦茨
Swartz is replacing the hard drive. He takes it out of his backpack, 当时他正在换上从背包中拿出来的新的硬盘
leans out of frame for about five minutes, 他在画面中出现了五分钟
and then leaves. 然后消失了
And then they organized, like, a stakeout where, as he was biking home from MIT, 然后他们在组织了一场抓捕，当斯沃茨骑车回家时
these cops came out from either side of the road, 校警从路俩旁突然跑出来
or something like that, and started going after him. 就像这样，他们追着斯沃茨
He describes that he was pressed down and assaulted by the police. 斯沃茨说他被按倒在地
He tells me that they--it's unclear that they were police that were after him. 他告诉他们，他不知道后面有警察跟着
He thought that someone was trying to attack him. 以为背后有人想要袭击他
He does tell me they beat him up. 他告诉我他当时被他们打了
It was just devastating. The notion of any kind of criminal prosecution of anyone in our family or anything 这是毁灭性的。我的家人对犯罪起诉
was so foreign and incomprehensible, I didn't know what to do. 完全没概念，我不知道要怎么办
Well, they execute search warrants at Aaron's house, his apartment in Cambridge, in his office at Harvard. 他们开始搜查亚伦的房子，他在剑桥的公寓，在哈佛的办公室
Two days before the arrest, the investigation had gone beyond JSTOR and the local Cambridge police. 在他被逮捕俩天后，对亚伦的调查不在局限于当地警方和 JSTOR
It had been taken over by the United States Secret Service. 特勤局接管了这个案子
The Secret Service began investigating computer and credit card fraud in 1984, 他们开始调查电脑里从1984年开始的记录资料和信用卡
but six weeks after the attack on 9/11, their role expanded. 911发生后六星期美国特勤局职能就扩大啦
[applause]
President Bush used The Patriot Act to establish a network of what they called "Electronic Crimes Task Forces". 美国总统布什通过爱国者运动建立了打击网络犯罪的ECTF网络系统
The bill before me takes account of the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists. 该法案是考虑到新世纪恐怖主义带来的危害
According to the Secret Service, they are primarily engaged in activity with economic impact, 句特勤局所说，这个法案只要针对经济有影响的活动
organized criminal groups, or use of schemes involving new technology. 有组织的犯罪集团或涉嫌新技术的计划
The Secret Service turned Swartz's case over to the Boston U.S. Attorney's office. 特勤局将斯沃茨的案子转交给波士顿的律师事务所
There was a guy in the U.S. attorney's office who had the title: 波士顿律师事务所里有个号称
"Head of the Computer Crimes Division or Task Force" “计算机犯罪部门负责人、特别工作小组”的家伙
I don't know what else he had going, 我不知道他以前是干嘛的
but you're certainly not much of a "Computer Crimes Prosecutor" without a computer crime to prosecute, 他显然不是个计算机犯罪检察官，一直没有计算机犯罪的起诉，于是他跳出来了啦
so he jumped on it, kept if for himself, didn't assign it to someone else within the office or the unit 交由自己来处理这个案子，而非安排给其他人
and that's Steve Heymann. 这个家伙就是斯蒂芬•海曼
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann has been largely out of public view since the arrest of Aaron Swartz, 自从亚伦被捕后，检察官斯蒂芬·海曼很大程度上淡出了公众的视野
but he can be seen here, in an episode of the television show "American Greed", 但是在亚伦被捕期间录制的“美国贪婪”的一期节目中
filmed around the time of Aaron's arrest. 还看到了他
He is describing his previous case against the notorious hacker Alberto Gonzales, 他讲了以前臭名昭著的黑客 Alberto的案子
a case that garnered Heymann enormous press attention and accolades. 那个案子使他获得公众关注与称赞
Gonzales masterminded the theft of over a hundred million credit card and ATM numbers, Alberto策划盗取百余万张信用卡和ATM号码
the largest such fraud in history. 刷新了欺诈案件中的最高记录
Here, Heymann, describing Gonzales, gives his view on the hacker mindset: 那期节目里，Heymann是这么形容黑客的心态的：
These guys are driven by a lot of the same things that we're driven by. 这些家伙同样被驱使我们的东西所驱使
They have an ego, they like challenge, and of course they like money and everything you can get for money. 他们拥有自我，他们喜欢质疑，当然他们喜欢钱，喜欢钱能带来的一切
One of the suspects implicated in the Gonzales case was a young hacker named Jonathan James. 在 Gonzalez 案件中受到牵连的嫌疑人是一个名叫 Jonathan James的年轻黑客
Believing Gonzales' crimes would be pinned on him, 他觉得 Gonzalez 的罪行都会判到他身上来
James committed suicide during the investigation. 在调查过程中他就自杀了
In an early press release describing the government's position in the case of Aaron Swartz, 早期报道中，关于政府在亚伦一案中的角色
Heymann's boss, U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusets, Carmen Ortiz, said this: Heymann的老板，美国马萨诸塞州的律师卡门 • 奥尔蒂斯是这么说的
"Stealing is stealing, whether you use a computer command or a crowbar, 偷窃就是偷窃，无论你用的是计算机指令还是一根撬棍
and whether you take documents, data, or dollars." 也无论你偷的是文件、数据还是钱财
It is not true. It's obviously not true. 这不是真的，显然不是这样子
I'm not saying it's harmless, 我不是说这样是免于法律责任的
and I'm not saying that we shouldn't criminalize stealing of information, 也不是说我们不应该将信息窃取刑事化
but you got to be much more subtle 但是这样会更微妙
in trying to figure out exactly which kinds of harms are harmful here. 在判断哪种危害是有害的
So the thing about a crowbar is, every time I break into a place with a crowbar, 所以关于撬棍，那就是每次我通过撬棍进入一个地方
I do damage. There is no doubt about it. 我就造成了破坏。这是毋庸置疑的
But when Aaron writes a script that says 但亚伦是这么写道的：
download download download, a hundred times in a second, “下载、下载、下载，每秒数百次”
there's no obvious damage to anybody. 没有给任何人带来什么危害
If he does that for the purpose of gathering an archive to do academic research on it, 如果他这么做是为了收集资料做学术研究
there is never any damage to anybody. 对任何人都没有危害
He wasn't stealing. He wasn't selling what he got or giving it away. 他不是偷，他没有兜卖或是拿走他所获得的东西
He was making a point, for as far as I could tell. 他在强调这一点
The arrest took its toll on Swartz. 斯沃茨为此付出了被逮捕的代价
He just wouldn't talk about it. 他只是不想谈论它
I mean, he was very stressed. 我的意思是，他很紧张
If you would thought that the FBI was going to come to your doorstep any day, 你想像一下，如果美国联邦调查局不知哪天会出现在你家门前
anytime you went down the hall, even to do your laundry, 在你走出大厅或洗衣服的任何时候
and they'd break in into your apartment 'cause you left the door unlocked, 因为你忘了锁门他们随时有可能破门而入
like...I'd be pretty stressed, 这样的话，我也会很紧张
and it was clear, and so Aaron was always sort of like in a dour mood. 这很明显，亚伦也会因此心情低落
He wouldn't give off any sensitive information about his whereabouts during this time, 在这期间，他不能透露任何关于他在哪里的信息
because he was so afraid that the FBI would be waiting for him. 因为他非常害怕等待他的会是联邦调查局
It was a time of unprecedented social and political activism. 这是一个前所未有的社会、政治激进的时代
Time Magazine would later name, as their 2011 Person of the Year, "The Protester". 《时代》 杂志后来将他评为 2011 年的年度人物——“抗议者”
There was a kind of hotbed of hacker activity going on. 黑客活动的温床在继续扩大
WikiLeaks had released a trove of diplomatic cables, 维基解密释放了一个外交电报库
Manning had been under arrest at the time, 亚伦那时已经被捕了
it was unknown whether he was the source of the leak. 不知道是不是因为他维基解密才公布文库的
Anonymous, which is a kind of protest ensemble that 该匿名组织，是一个抗议集体
has a lot of hackers in its ranks, 有许多黑客在里面
were going on various sprees of sorts. 进行一轮又一轮狂热的行为
If you compare that to what he did, 跟亚伦做的比起来
this stuff should have been left behind for MIT and JSTOR to deal with, 这些黑客早就该被麻省理工和JSTOR收拾了
in a kind of private, professional matter. 在隐私和职业的问题上
It should have never gotten the attention of the criminal system. 它不应该引起了刑事制度的关注
It just didn't belong there. 它不属于刑事范围
Before he was indicted, Swartz was offered a plea deal 在亚伦被起诉前，他们给了他一个认罪协议
that involved three months in prison, time in an halfway house, 涉及到长达3个月的在一栋烂尾楼里的监禁
and a year of home detention, 以及在家一年软禁
all without the use of a computer. 且不能使用计算机
It was on the condition that Swartz plead guilty to a felony. 条件就是斯沃茨承认重刑罪
Here we are: we have no discovery, no evidence whatsoever 事实上，我们什么都没发现，没有任何证据
about what the government's case is, 表明政府这么做的理由
and we have to make this immense decision 我们必须通过律师的强大力量
where the lawyer is pushing you to do this, 去推动改变这个决定
the government is giving you a non-negotiable demand, 政府提出了一个不可辩驳的要求
and you're told that your likelihood of prevailing is small, 同时告知你当时胜算的可能性很小
so whether you're guilty or not, you're better off taking the deal. 所以无论你是否有罪，你最好妥协
Boston has its own Computer Crimes Division, 波士顿自己设有计算机犯罪科
lots of lawyers, probably more lawyers than they need. 有大量的律师，可能超出了所需要的数量
So, you know, you can imagine all sorts of cases that will be really hard to prosecute, 你可以想象一下，各种各样很难起诉的案件
because you've got some criminals in Russia, 因为你已经接了俄罗斯的刑事案件
or you've got some people inside of a corporation 或者是在公司内部你已经有
that are gonna five hundred dollar lawyers or seven hundred dollar-an-hour lawyers 拿着500或700美元/小时的律师
sitting down against you, and then you've got this case with this kid, 坐在那里与你对干，然后你又接了这些孩子的案子
which is pretty easy to prove that he did something, 很容易去证明他所做过的事
and he's already marked himself as a troublemaker with the FBI, 并且他已经把自己标为做联邦调查局的麻烦制造者
so why not go as tough as you can against that guy? 所以为何不去坚定地对付这家伙呢？
It's good for you the prosecutor. It's good for the Republic, 这对你检察官有好处，对国家也有好处
'cause you're fighting all those terrorist types. 因为你对抗的是恐怖分子
I was so scared. 我很害怕
I was so scared of having my computer seized. 我很害怕我电脑被查获
I was so scared of going to jail because of my computer being seized. 我很害怕因为电脑被查获了而进监狱
I had confidential material from sources from my previous work on my laptop, 从我笔记本电脑上过去存的原始资料里我可以获得机密资料
and that is, above all, my priority--is to keep my sources safe. 换句话说，我的首要任务就是保证信息资源的安全
I was so scared of what was going to happen to Ada. 我很害怕有什么事会发生在Ada身上
Aaron told me that they'd offered him a deal, 亚伦告诉我，他们让他做一笔交易
and he finally just said that he would take it if I told him to, 他最后只说，要是我让他去接受他就会答应交易
and I say--I came real close to saying, "Take it." 我确实走过去跟他说，“抓住这个筹码。”
He had these--he had developed, like, serious political aspirations 他已经有了、已经形成了对政治的远大抱负
in the intervening time, between when, you know, 你知道的，就在那段期间
that moment when he ended that entrepreneurial start-up life, 在他结束创业者生活
and begun this new life that had come to this political activism, 开始走向政治激进主义者生活的时候
and he just didn't believe that he could continue in his life with a felony. 他只是不相信他以重罪之身继续这样的生活
You know, he said to me one day, we were walking by the White House, 有一天，当我们路过白宫时
and he said to me, "They don't let felons work there." 他对我说，“他们不会留重刑犯在那里面工作”
And you know he really--he really wanted that to be his life. 你们知道的，他真的很想过那样的生活
He hadn't killed anybody. He hadn't hurt anybody. 他没有杀害谁，也没有伤害谁
He hadn't, like, stolen money. 他也没偷过钱什么的
He hadn't done anything that seemed felony-worthy, and... 他没有做过任何算得上重罪的事儿
there is this idea that there is no reason that he should be labelled a felon, 他完全没缘由的要被贴上重罪的标签
and taken away his right to vote in many states 被剥夺在多个州的选举权
for doing what he did. That's just outrageous. 就因为他做的这件事。这很残暴
It makes sense for him to be maybe fined a bunch of money, 这样子的话，他被罚一大笔钱
or asked not to come back to MIT again. 被禁止进入麻省理工就毫无意义了
But to be a felon? To face jail time? 要不然就去做重刑犯？去坐牢？
Swartz turned down the plea deal. 斯沃茨拒绝了认罪协议
Heymann redoubled his efforts. Heymann则更加努力
Heymann continued to press us at all levels. 在各个方面给我们施压
Even with the physical evidence seized from Aaron's 甚至用上了从亚伦的电脑硬盘、U盘中
Acer computer harddrive and USB drive, 夺来的物证
the prosecutors needed evidence of his motives. 检察官需要证明他亚伦的犯罪动机
Why was Aaron Swartz downloading articles from JSTOR, 即亚伦为什么要从JSTOR 上下载文章、
and just what did he plan to do with them? 亚伦想拿那些文章来干嘛
The government claim was that he was planning to publish these. 政府声称他计划要发布这些
We don't really know whether that was his real intention 这是不是他的真正意图，我们无从得知
because Aaron also had a history of doing projects where he'd analyze giant data sets of articles 因为亚伦曾在一个项目中分析了海量的数据库文献
in order to learn interesting things about them. 就为了学习一些有趣的事
The best evidence for that was that when he was at Stanford, 最有力的证据是，他在斯坦福大学的时候
he also downloaded the whole Westlaw legal database. 他就下载了整个 Westlaw 法律数据库
In a project with Stanford law students, 在与斯坦福大学法律系学生做的一个项目中
Swartz had downloaded the Westlaw legal database. 斯沃茨下载了 Westlaw 法律数据库
He uncovered troubling connections between funders of legal research 他发现了有利结果和法律研究投资人之间
and favorable results. 让人伤脑筋的联系
He did this amazing analysis of for-profit companies 他对一些盈利性公司进行了惊人的分析
giving money to law professors who wrote law review articles 那些公司拿钱给写法学评论的法学教授
which were then beneficial to, like, Exxon during an oil spill. 这将给公司带来好处，就像埃克森公司在石油泄漏期间做的那样
So it was a very corrupt system of funding, you know, vanity research.， 所以这是一个非常腐败的资助体系，纯粹是名利场的研究
Swartz had never released the Westlaw documents. 斯沃茨从未公布Westlaw文件
In theory, he could have been doing the same thing about the JSTOR database. 理论上，他也可以这样对待 JSTOR数据库
That would have been completely okay. 这完全不会有啥问题
If he were, on the other hand, intending to create a competitive service to JSTOR, 另一方面,如果他打算创建一个数据服务，同JSTOR竞争
like, we're going to set up our own, you know, 你知道的，建立自己访问哈佛法学评论的途径
access to the Harvard Law Review and charge, you know, money for it, 并从中收取费用
then, okay, now it seems like criminal violation 好的，现在看上去就像了刑事犯罪
because you are commercially trying to exploit this material, 因为这些数据在商业上应用
but it's kind of crazy to imagine that that was what he was doing. 但是以为这会是他做的就有点疯狂了
So, but then there's the middle case: well, what if he was just trying to liberate it for all of the developing world? 所以，之后有个中间案例：如果他只是试图把数据库释放给所有的发展中的世界呢?
But depending on what he was doing, it creates a very different character 但是他所做的事，创造了法律考虑这种事的新的特征
to how the law should be thinking about it. The government was prosecuting him 政府起诉了他
as if this was like a commercial criminal violation, 仿佛这是商业违法犯罪
like stealing a whole bunch of credit card records, that it was that kind of crime. 和清除一大堆刷卡记录一样，属于此类犯罪
I don't know what he was going to do with that database, 我不知道他要怎么处理数据库
but I heard from a friend of his that Aaron had told him 但是从他的朋友那里得知
that he was going to analyze the data for evidence of corporate funding of climate change research 亚伦打算分析数据库，以找到证据表明对气候变化研究的投资
that led to biased results, and I totally believe that. 导致了有偏结果，我完全相信这点
I was just told that Steve wanted to talk to me, 我只是说出Steve想和我说的话
and I thought maybe this was a way I could get out of this, 我以为这是我离开的途径
just exit the situation, 摆脱这样的处境的方式
and I didn't want to live in fear of having my computer seized. 我不想在电脑被查封的恐惧中活着
I didn't want to live in fear of having to go to jail on a contempt of court charge 我不想在因为藐视法院指控而担心坐牢的恐惧中活着
if they tried to compel me to decrypt my computer. 如果他们想设法让我来解密我的电脑
When they came to me and said, "Steve wants to talk to you," 当他们过来告诉我：Steve想跟你谈谈
that seemed reasonable. 这在合理的
They offered Norton what is known as a "Queen For A Day" letter or a proffer. 他们把被称为“一日女王”的信件交给Norton
It allowed prosecutors to ask questions about Aaron's case. 它能让检察官询问关于亚伦案子的问题
Norton would be given immunity from prosecution herself, Norton因为自己在会议上提供的信息
for any information she revealed during the meeting. 获得了检控豁免权
I didn't like it. I told my lawyers repeatedly 我我并不喜欢这样，我再三告诉我的律师
that I didn't...this seemed fishy, I didn't like this, I didn't want immunity, 我没有…这很可疑，我不喜欢这样子，我不想被豁免
I didn't need immunity, I hadn't done anything, 我不需要豁免权，我什么都没做
but they were really, really stringent that there was-- 但是他们非常非常严厉地……
they did not want me meeting the prosecutor without immunity. 他们不希望我在没有豁免权的情况下去见检察官
[Interviewer] But just to be clear, this is a "Queen For A Day" deal, a proffer. 要明确的是，这是“一日女王”的建议信
Right, a proffer letter. 是的，一封建议信
-In which you basically handed information to them in exchange for protection from prosecution. 你给他们信息，然后交换到起诉方的保护
-So, it wasn't handing information over. It was--at least that's not how I saw it-- 所以，这并不是移交信息。它是——至少不是我看到的那样
it was just having a discussion, having an interview with them. 只是个讨论，对他们的一个采访
-Well, they're asking you questions... -They're asking me questions. —好吧，他们问你问题……—他们是问我问题
-and they can ask about whatever they want... -Right. —他们可以问任何想问的。 —是的
- and whatever they learn... -I really... —任何他们获悉的 —我真的……
-They can't have you prosecuted. -Right, and I repeatedly tried to go in naked. —他们没法让你被起诉 —是的，我再三说明自己的清白
I repeatedly--I repeatedly tried to turn down the proffer letter. 我再三拒绝建议信
I was ill. I was being pressured by my lawyers. 我病了。我的律师给我施加压力
I was confused. I was not doing well by this point. 我很混乱。在这之前我都没做好
I was depressed, and I was scared, and I didn't understand the situation I was in. 我很沮伤，很害怕，我还不清楚我所处的环境
I had no idea why I was in this situation. 我不知道为什么陷入这样的境地
I hadn't done anything interesting, much less wrong. 我没做什么有趣的事，更不用说错误的事了
We went out of our minds. 我们失去了理智
Aaron was clearly very distraught about it. We were very distraught about it. 亚伦对此心烦意乱，我们也心烦意乱
Aaron's attorneys were very distraught about it. 亚伦的律师对此也很抓狂
We tried to get Quinn to change attorneys. 我们试图让Quinn去换律师
I was very unused to being in a room with large men, well-armed, 我非常不习惯同全副武装的彪形大汉共处一室
that are continually telling me I'm lying, and that I must have done something. 他们不停地说我在撒谎，说我必须做点什么
I told them that this thing that they were prosecuting 我告诉他们,他们正在起诉的
wasn't a crime. 不是犯罪活动
I told them that they were on the wrong side of history. 我告诉他们，他们站在历史错误的一边
I used that phrase. I said, "You're on the wrong side of history." 我就用这句，我说，你正站在历史错误的一边
And they looked bored. They didn't even look angry. They just looked bored, 他们看起来很无聊。甚至看上去没生气。他们只是无聊而已
and it began to occur to me that we weren't having the same conversation. 我开始一室到我们不在同一维度交谈
I mean, I told them plenty of things about, you know, why people would download journal articles, 我的意思是，我告诉他们很多关于人们为什么要下载期刊文章的事
and eventually--I don't remember what was around it-- 最终，我不记得周边有啥
I mentioned that he'd done this blog post, the "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto". 我提到过他写了篇博客帖子，叫“游击开放宣言”
This is the "Guerrilla Open Access Manifesto", 游击开放宣言
supposedly written in July, 2008 in Italy. 可能是2008年7月在意大利写的
"Information is power. But like all power, there are those who want to keep it for themselves." 信息就是力量。但是就像所有的力量，总有人想掌控它为自己所用
"The world's entire scientific and cultural heritage, published over centuries in books and journals, 世界整个的科学和文化遗产，几个世纪来以书籍和期刊的形式出版
is increasingly being digitized and locked up by a handful of private corporations." 现在则被少数私营机构数字化和锁定
"Meanwhile, those who have been locked out are not standing idly by." 同时，那些被锁到外面的没有袖手旁观
"You have been sneaking through holes and climbing over fences, 你已经偷偷穿过缝隙，爬上了栅栏
liberating the information locked up by the publishers and sharing them with your friends." 释放出由出版商锁定的信息并且分享给你的朋友们
"But all of this action goes on in the dark, hidden underground." 但全部行动都在地底下偷偷进行
"It's called stealing or piracy, as if sharing a wealth of knowledge were 这叫偷盗或者盗版，分享大量知识好像就是
"the moral equivalent of plundering a ship and murdering its crew." "在道德上等同于掠夺一艘船还把船员谋杀了”
"But sharing isn't immoral — it's a moral imperative." 但分享并非不道德 — 它是一种道义责任
"Only those blinded by greed would refuse to let a friend make a copy." 只有那些被贪婪蒙蔽了双眼的人才会拒绝一位朋友去拷贝一份知识的财富
"There's no justice in following unjust laws." 不公平的法律没有公正可言
"It's time to come into the light and, in a grand tradition of civil disobedience, 是时候公开化了，在非暴力反抗的伟大传统下
declare our opposition to this private theft of public culture." 宣布对公众文化的私自盗窃的反对
The Manifesto itself was allegedly written by four different people, and also edited by Norton. 《开放访问游击队宣言》本来由四个人撰写、Norton编辑
But it was Swartz who had signed his name to it. 但在上面签名的是特瓦茨
When it's over, I go immediately to Aaron and tell him everything I can remember about it, 当它结束时，我马上去找亚伦，并告诉他我所记得的关于宣言的一切
and he gets very angry. 他很生气
The things that I'd done shouldn't have added up that way. 我所做的事不能就这样
I hadn't done anything wrong, and everything had gone wrong, 我什么都没做错，但一切都变成错的了
but I was never... 我也从未……
I'm still angry. 我仍然在气头上
I'm still angry that you could try your best with these people to do the right thing, 我愤怒的是你尽你最大的能力和那些人去做正确的事儿
and they'd turn everything against you. 但最后他们让事情都背道而驰
And they will hurt you with anything they can. 他们将会用尽手头的一切来伤害你
And in that moment, I regret that I said what I did. 这时候，我很后悔我说出了自己做过什么
But my much larger regret is that we have settled for this. 但是更悔恨的是我们很满足于这样做
That we are okay with this. 我们居然接受它
That we are okay with the justice system, 同意这样的司法体系
a system that tries to game people into little traps so they can ruin our lives. 一个试图把人们骗进陷阱里以草菅人命的体系
So yeah, I wish I hadn't said that. 所以，我希望自己没有说过那些话
But I'm much, much angrier that this is where I am. 让我更更愤怒的我所处的立场
That this is what we, as a people, think is okay. 这就是我们作为公民所同意的
They used every method that I think they could think of 他们用我所能想到的各种方式
to get her to provide information which would be unhelpful to Aaron, 让她提供不利于亚伦
and helpful to the prosecution of Aaron, 但有助于检举他的信息
but I don't think she had information that was helpful to the government. 但我并不认为她提供的信息对政府有利
Months go by, as Swartz's friends and family await a looming indictment. 几个月过去了，斯沃茨的家人和朋友等着即将来临的检举
In the meantime, Swartz was becoming a go-to expert on a series of internet issues. 同时，特瓦茨变成了互联网顶级专家
[RT interviewer} ...a question to you then: Do you think that the internet is something 接下来一个问题：你认为互联网
that should be considered a human right, and something that the government cannot take away from you? 应该被看做人类不可被政府剥夺的一项基本权利么？
Yes, definitely, I mean this notion that national security is an excuse to shut down the internet, 当然，我认为所谓国家安全纯粹是关闭互联网的借口
that's exactly what we heard in Egypt and Syria and all these other countries, 这确实是我们在其他国家听到的，像在埃及、叙利亚
and so, yeah, it's true, sites like WikiLeaks are going to be putting up some embarassing material 所以，像维基解密网站就会公开美国政府做的一些荒唐事
about what the U.S. government does, and people are going to be organizing to protest about it, 人们也开始组织起来去抗议
and try and change their government. You know, and that's a good thing, 试图改变他们的政府。你知道的，这是件好事
that's what all these First Amendment Rights of free expression, of freedom of association are all about, 这是第一修正案赋予的表达自由、结社自由的权利，
and so the notion that we should try and shut those down I think, just goes against very basic American principles. 所以我觉得我们不应该认为这违背了美国基本原则
A principle, I think, is one that our Founding Fathers would have understood. 这是国父们早已明白的一项原则
If the internet had been around back then, 如果在那之后的互联网
instead of putting "post offices" in the Constitution, they would have put "ISPs". 不把邮局放在宪法里，就要把网络服务提供者给放进去
[RT interviewer] Well, it's definitely interesting to see how far... 这绝对有意思，看离那样有多远
Swartz meets activist Taren Stinebrickner-Kauffman, and the two begin to date. 斯沃茨见到了激进主义者Taren,之后两个人就开始约会了
[Aaron] We need a massive global public outcry. 我们需要来次公开的全球大规模的抗议
[Taren] If there's no massive global public outcry, it won't create any change. 如果没有抗议的话，就不会有什么改变
-You know, four people in this city should cause a massive global public outcry. 你知道的，他们四个人造成了一个全球大规模的抗议
-You know, we need a petition signer. 我们需要一个请愿书签署者
Without telling her specifics, he warned her he was involved in something 他没有告诉Taron详情，只说他卷入了什么事儿当中
he called simply "The Bad Thing". 简单地说了句“不好的事！”
And I had sort of crazy theories, like, that he was having an affair with Elizabeth Warren or something. 我的推测有点疯狂，以为他跟伊丽莎白·沃伦或者另外谁有染
I speculated both Hillary Clinton and Elizabeth Warren, actually, but... 我猜测他和Hillary Clinton 、 Elizabeth Warren都有染，但事实上……
So, sometime in probably late July, Aaron called me, 大概在七月下旬，亚伦打电话给我
and I happened to pick up, and he said, "The Bad Thing" might be in the news tomorrow. 我刚好接到了，他说：“也许就是明天的新闻
Do you want me to tell you, or do you want to read about it in the news?" 你想让我亲口告诉你，还是你自己去看新闻？”
And I said, "Well, I want you to tell me." 我说：“好吧，我想让你告诉我。”
Aaron said, "Well, I've been--I've been arrested 亚伦说：“我，我被捕了！
for downloading too many academic journal articles, and they want to make an example out of me." 因为下载了太多学术论文，他们想惩一儆百。
And I was like, "That's it? That's the big fuss? Really? It just doesn't sound like a very big deal." 我当时在想，“就这事？这有什么麻烦的?听起来根本就不像是大事。”
On July 14, 2011, federal prosecutors indict Swartz on four felony counts. 2011年7月14日，联邦检察官指控他四项重罪。
He gets indicted on the same day that two people in England who are part of LulzSec get arrested, 在他被指控的同一天，另外两名黑客组织LulzSec的成员在英国北部
and a few other real hackers. And Aaron is just someone who kind of looks like a hacker, 还有些真正的黑客也被捕。亚伦只不过有点像黑客而已
enough that they can, you know, put his head on a stake and put it on the gates. 向你们知道的，他们把亚伦的头抵在邢柱上并让邢柱靠在门上
Aaron went to surrender, and they arrested him. 亚伦投降了，他们就把他逮捕了
They then strip searched him, 还搜他身
took away his shoelaces, took away his belt, and left him in solitary confinement. 把他的鞋带和皮带扯走，把他单独监禁
The District of Massachusetts United States Attorney's office released a statement 马萨诸塞州检察官办公室联合区发表声明
saying, "Swartz faces up to 35 years in prison, 他将受到最高35年监禁
to be followed by three years of supervised release, 和三年的监督释放
restitution, forfeiture and a fine of up to one million dollars." 归还数据，财产没收以及100万美元罚款
He is released on one hundred thousand dollars bail. 亚伦在支付10万美元保释金后被释放
The same day, the primary victim in the case, JSTOR, 同一天，案子中的主要受害者JSTOR,
formally drops all charges against Swartz, and declines to pursue the case. 撤销了对他的起诉，停止追究此案
JSTOR--they weren't our friends; they weren't helpful or friendly to us, JSTOR不是我们的朋友，他们对我们一点都不友好
but they also were just kind of like, "We're not part of this." 有点我们跟他们不是一伙的意味
JSTOR, and their parent company, ITHAKA, also sidestepped requests to talk with this film. JSTOR和它的母公司ITHAKA也拒绝谈及此事
But at the time, they released a statement saying, 但他们同时发布声明
"It was the government's decision whether to prosecute, not JSTOR's." 起诉特瓦茨是政府的决定
And so it's our belief that, with that, the case will be over. 因此，我们以为这案子就这么结了
That we should be able to get Steve Heymann to drop the case, or settle it in some rational way. 我们可以让Steve Heymann放弃这案子，或者以更合理的方式解决
And the government refused. 但政府拒绝这样子
[Narrator] Why? 为什么？
Well, because I think they wanted to make an example out of Aaron, 我认为他们想拿亚伦开刀。
and they said they wanted--the reason why they wouldn't 他们说就是想这样子，所以他们不撤诉
move on requiring a felony conviction and jail time 接下来就是重罪判决、入狱
was that they wanted to use this case as a case for deterrence. They told us that. 他们说想惩一儆百
[Interviewer] They told you that? - Yes. 他们这么告诉你的？——是的
-This was going to be an example? -Yes. 惩一儆百——是的
-He was going to be made an example? - Yes. 他就是那个被惩的人——是的
Steve Heymann said that. Steve Heymann是这么说的
Deterring who? There's other people out there running around logging onto JSTOR, 威慑谁？还有其他人四处登录JSTOR
and downloading the articles to make a political statement? I mean, who are they deterring? 下载文章以表达政治立场么？我的意思是，政府向威慑哪些人？
It would be easier to understand the Obama administration's 这足以看出奥巴马政府
posture of supposedly being for deterrence 要威慑其他人的想法
if this was an administration that, for instance, 比方说，对一个行政机关来说
prosecuted arguably the biggest economic crime 起诉可以说是最大的经济犯罪
that this country has seen in the last hundred years. 从过去的一百年来看
The crimes that were committed that led to the financial crisis on Wall Street. 这种罪行导致了华尔街的金融风暴
When you start deploying 当你开始实施
the non-controversial idea of deterrence 毫无争议的威慑其他人的想法
only selectively 只要有选择性
you stop making a dispassionate analysis of law-breaking 你停止对违法进行冷静的分析
and you started deciding to deploy law enforcement resources 决定运用执法资源
specifically on the basis of political ideology, 在政治意识形态的基础上
and that's not just undemocratic, it's supposed to be un-American. 这并非仅仅是不民主，而是反美的
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann later reportedly told MIT's outside counsel 据后来的报道，起诉人 Stephen Heymann告诉过麻省理工学院的外聘律师
that the straw that broke the camel's back 失败是因为
was a press release sent out by an organization Swartz founded called "Demand Progress". 斯沃茨创立的“求进会”发送的一篇通讯稿
According to the MIT account, Heymann reacted to the short statement of support, 麻省理工学院账户显示，Heymann对此回应了简短的支持声明
calling it a "wild internet campaign" and a "foolish move" 称它为“疯狂的互联网运动”，“愚蠢的举动”
that moved the case from a human one-on-one level to an institutional level. 把人类一对一的案子扩大到制度层面的案子
That was a poisonous combination: a prosecutor who didn't want to lose face, 这是个有害的结合体：不想丢面子、
who had a political career in the offing, maybe, and didn't want to have this come back and haunt them. 将有个政治生涯，并且，可能不想让这个案子再来困扰他的检察官
You spend how many tax dollars arresting someone for taking too many books out of the library, 你花了纳说人多少钱去逮捕一个因为从图书馆拿了太多书的人
and then got your ass handed to you in court? No way! 然后在法庭上耀武扬威？——想这样子？没门
I then moved to try to put as much pressure on MIT in various ways to get them 我想尽各种办法施压给麻省理工学院去
to go to the government, and request the government to stop the prosecution. 制止政府对亚伦的起诉
[Interviewer] What was MIT's reaction to that? 麻省理工学院怎么回应的？
There doesn't seem to be any reaction from MIT at that point. 在那个时候，他们没什么回应
MIT doesn't defend Aaron 他们不为亚伦辩护
which, to people inside of the MIT community, seems outrageous, 在麻省理工学院社区里的人看来，这很残暴
because MIT is a place that encourages hacking in the biggest sense of the word. 因为麻省理工学院是一个鼓励黑客行为的地方
At MIT, the idea of going and running around on roofs and tunnels that you weren't allowed to be in 在麻省理工，进入不被允许进入的区域、权限中
was not only a rite of passage, it was part of the MIT tour, 不仅仅是司空见惯的，甚至已经是组成麻省理工的一部分
and lockpicking was a winter course at MIT. “撬锁”也是麻省的一门冬季课程
They had the moral authority to stop it in its tracks. 他们有阻止起诉的权威
MIT never stood up and took a position of saying to the Feds, "Don't do this." 但麻省自始至终都没站出来对Feds说：“别这样做！”
"We don't want you to do this. You're overreacting. This is too strong." “我们不想你这么做，你反应过激啦！”
...that I'm aware of. 这是我所想到的……
They acted kind of like any corporation would. They sort of--they helped the government, 他们像一些市政当局所做的那样，一定程度上在帮政府
they didn't help us, unless they felt they had to, and they never tried to stop it. 他们不帮我们，除非他们觉得应该那样做，他们从来就没有试图去阻止
MIT declined repeated requests to comment, 他们拒绝再次置评
but they later released a report saying they attempted to maintain a position of neutrality, 但后来又在报道中说想保持中立
and believed Heymann and the U.S. Attorney's office did not care what MIT thought or said about the case. 说是Heymann和美国检察官办公室不会在意麻省对于这个案子的看法
MIT's behaviour seemed really at odds with the MIT ethos. 这种行为与麻省的风格完全不符
You could argue that MIT turned a blind eye, and that was okay for them to do, 你可以认为麻省视而不见或者他们这样做还过得去
but taking that stance--taking that neutral stance, in and of itself--was taking a pro-prosecutor stance. 但是就其本身而言，采取中立的立场无疑是赞成起诉
If you look at Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, 再看斯蒂夫·乔布斯与斯蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克
they started by selling a Blue Box, which was a thing designed to defraud the phone company. 他们把诈骗电话公司的非法设备（蓝盒子）拿来卖钱，
If you look at Bill Gates and Paul Allen, 再看看 比尔·盖茨 和 保罗·艾伦
they initially started their business by using computer time at Harvard, 他们最初通过利用哈佛大学计算机使用时间创业
which was pretty clearly against the rules. 很明显，这些都违反了规定
The difference between Aaron and the people I just mentioned 他们和亚伦不同的是
is that Aaron wanted to make the world a better place, he didn't just want to make money. 亚伦想让世界变得更好，而不是赚钱
Swartz continues to be outspoken on a variety of internet issues. 斯沃茨继续在各种互联网话题上直言不讳
You know, the reason the internet works is because of the competitive marketplace of ideas, 你知道的互联网得以运营是因为自由竞争
and what we need to be focusing on is getting more information about our government, more accessibility, 我们要关注的是更多的政府信息，更高的可访问性
more discussion, more debate, but instead it seems like what congress is focused on is shutting things down. 更多的讨论，而不是像国会那样注重关闭
Aaron thought he could change the world just by explaining the world very clearly to people. 亚伦他可以向人们解释这个世界然后改变世界
[RT interviewer] Flame can literally control your computer, and make it spy on you. Flame 能控制了你的计算机，让它来监视你
Welcome, Aaron. Good to have you back on the show here. 欢迎亚伦再次回到节目中
You know, just like spies used to in olden days, put microphones and tap what people were saying, 你知道的，就像过去间谍用传声器窃听人们说了什么
now they're using computers to do the same things. 现在他们用电脑作着同样的事
[Narrator] Swartz's political activity continues, (旁白)斯沃茨的政治活动仍在继续
his attention turning to a bill moving through Congress designed to curb online piracy. 他的注意力转向国会正在商讨的一项法案,旨在阻止网络盗版
It was called "SOPA". 这项法案被称作SOPA（Stop Online Piracy Act）《禁止网络盗版法案》
Activists like Peter Eckersley saw it as an enormous overreach, 像Peter Eckersley这样的积极分子认为它严重越界了
threatening the technical integrity of the Internet itself. 威胁了互联网本身的技术完整性
[Ekersley] And one of the first things I did was to call Aaron. [Ekersley]我首先做的一件事就是打电话给亚伦
And I said, "Can we do a big online campaign against this?" 然后我说,“我们能做一个在线抗议活动吗?”
"This isn't a bill about copyright." “这不是一个有关版权的法案”
"It's not?" “不是吗？”
"No," he said, "it's a bill about the freedom to connect." “不是，”他说道“这个法案关乎连接的自由。”
Now I was listening. 我被他的话吸引住了
And he thought about it for a while, and then said, "Yes." 他想了一会，说道“是的。”
And he went and founded Demand Progress. 他成立了“求进会”
Demand Progress is an online activism organization, we've got around a million and a half members now, “求进会”是一个在线激进组织。虽然2010年秋才创建
but started in the fall of 2010. 截至目前我们已经招募到了150万成员
Aaron was one of the most prominent people in a community of people 亚伦是这个团体的领军者之一
who helped lead organizing around social justice issues at the federal level in this country. 他们在我国的联邦政府层面进行努力，帮助领导组织社会正义事务
SOPA was the bill that was intended to curtail online piracy of music and movies, 《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）是旨在减少音乐和电影的网络盗版的法案
but what it did was basically take a sledgehammer to a problem that needed a scalpel. 但它却在一个需要做小手术的问题上动了大锤
If passed, the law would allow a company to cut off finances to entire websites without due process, 一旦通过，法律将允许公司不经过正当程序，切断对整个网站的财政支持
or even to force Google to exclude their links. 甚至强制谷歌去除它们的链接
All they needed was a single claim of copyright infringement. 他们需要的仅仅是一个侵犯版权声明
It pitted the titans of traditional media against a new and now far more sophisticated remix culture. 它（《禁止网络盗版法案》）让传统媒体巨头与比一种新的、复杂得多的合成文化相抗衡
It makes everyone who runs a website into a policeman, 它把每一个运行网站的人变成警察
and if they don't do their job of making sure that nobody on their site uses it for anything 甚至如果他们没能做好自己的工作，即确保没有人在网站上做违法的事
that's even potentially illegal, the entire site can get shut down without even so much as a trial. 都可以构成一种潜在的违法行为。整个网站甚至可以不经审理就被关闭
This was over the top, I mean, this was a catastrophe. 这很过分，我是说，这是巨大的灾难
This bill poses a serious threat to speech and civil liberties for all who use the internet. 这个法案威胁到了所有网络使用者的言论和公民自由
There were only a handful of us who said, "Look, we're not for piracy either." 我们之中只有少数人说，“看，我们也不是为了盗版."
but it makes no sense to destroy the architecture of the internet, 但是以打击盗版之名，破坏因特网架构和使其开放和自由的域名系统
the domain name system and so much that makes it free and open in the name of fighting piracy. 是没有意义的
and Aaron got that right away. 而亚伦马上明白了这个意思
The freedoms, guaranteed in our Constitution, the freedoms our country had been built on 自由，宪法保障，我们国家建立的自由之基
would be suddenly deleted. 将被突然删去
New technology, instead of bringing us greater freedom, would have snuffed out fundamental rights 新科技，并未给我们带来更大的自由，反而扼杀那些
we'd always taken for granted. 我们一直以来觉得理所应当的权利
And I realized that day, talking to Peter, that I couldn't let that happen. 当我意识到的那天，我告诉Peter，我不会任其发生
When SOPA was introduced in October, 2011, it was considered inevitable. 2011年10月，《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）开始实施。人们认为这是板上钉钉的事
Our strategy, when it first came out, was to hopefully slow the bill down, 我们的策略的初衷，是尽可能地推迟法案
maybe weaken it a little bit but, even we 也许使它稍微削弱一些
didn't think that we would be able to stop this bill. 我们甚至认为我们没有能力阻止法案通过
Having worked in Washington, what you learn is that, typically in Washington, 在华盛顿工作过之后，你学到的是，通常在华盛顿，
the legislative fights are fights between different sets of corporate monied interests. 立法之争是不同集团间的金钱利益之争。
They're all duking it out to pass legislation, and the fights that are the closest 他们一决高低以通过立法，
are when you have one set of corporate interests against another set of corporate interests, 当一组企业的利益与另一组相背离
and they're financially equally matched in terms of campaign contributions and lobbying. 并且两者在竞选贡献与游说方面的经济支出不相上下时
Those are the closest ones. 斗争最为激烈
The ones that aren't even fights, typically, are ones 这甚至不仅仅是斗争，通常，这是
where all the money is on one side, all the corporations are on one side, 所有的钱和大企业站在一边
and it's just millions of people on the other side. 上百万的群众站在另一边
I haven't seen anything like PIPA and SOPA in all my time in public service. 在我公共服务的生涯中，我从未见过像《保护知识产权法案》（PIPA）和《禁止网络 盗版法案》（SOPA）这样的事
There were more than forty United States senators on that bill as co-sponsors, 有四十多个参议员共同发起这个法案
so they were already a long, long way to getting the 为了过程序，他们已经经历了一个漫长的历程，获得了
sixty votes to have it clear all the procedural hoops. 六十个赞同票
Even I began to doubt myself. It was a rough period. 甚至我也开始怀疑自己。这是一个艰难的时期
Swartz and Demand Progress were able to marshal enormous support using traditional outreach, 斯沃茨和求进会能够通过传统外联和通用IP语音的结合，来获得大量的支持
combined with commonly used voiceover IP, to make it very easy for people to call Congress. 让群众与国会对话变得非常容易
I've never met anybody else who was able to operate at his level 我从未见过谁能达到他的运作水平
both on the technological side and on the campaign strategy side. 无论是技术层面还是运动战略
Millions of people contacted Congress and signed anti-SOPA petitions. 上百万的群众与联系国会，并签写了反《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）的请愿书
Congress was caught off guard. 国会猝不及防
There was just something about watching those clueless members of Congress debate the bill, 就是看着一群无能的议员讨论法案
watching them insist they could regulate the internet, 看着他们坚持认为自己可以控制互联网
and a bunch of nerds couldn't possibly stop them. 一群书呆子不可能阻止他们
I am not a nerd. 我不是书呆子
I'm just not enough of a nerd... 我还算不上书呆子
Maybe we ought ask some nerds what this thing really does. [laughter] 或许我们应该去问问一些书呆子【笑】
Let's have a hearing, bring in the nerds... 让我们听一听书呆子怎么说
[laughter] 【笑】
Really? 真的？
[laughter] 【笑】
"Nerds"? “书呆子”？
[laughter] 【笑】
You know, I think, actually the word you're looking for is "experts"... 你知道的，我想你们想要的词是“专家”
[laughter] 【笑】
to enlighten you so your laws don't backfire [audience laughter and applause] 去启发你们，不让你们的法律适得其反【观众笑声、鼓掌声】
and break the internet. 并且破坏网络
We use the term "geek" but we're not allowed to use that because we are geeks. 我们用“极客”这个词但我们不被允许用它，因为我们就是极客
The fact that it got as far as it did, without them talking to any technical experts, 尽管已经进展到了这一步，他们却没有与任何技术专家对话
reflects the fact that there is a problem in this town. 反映出这其中是有问题的
I'm looking for somebody to come before this body, and testify in a hearing and say, "This is why they're wrong." 我在寻找一个人能出现在这次集会前，在听证会上作证说“这就是为什么他们错了。”
There used to be an office that provided science and technology advice, 曾有一个办公室提供科学技术方面的建议
and members could go to them and say, "Help me understand X,Y,Z." 成员可以去那里请教
And Gingrich killed it. He said it was a waste of money. 而Gingrich取消了这个办公室。他说这是浪费钱
Ever since then, Congress has plunged into the Dark Ages. 从那之后，国会陷入了黑暗时代
I don't think anybody really thought that SOPA could be beaten, including Aaron. 包括亚伦在内，没有人真的认为《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）能被打败
It was worth trying, but it didn't seem winnable, 这值得一试，但不太可能赢
and I remember, maybe a few months later, I remember him just turning to me and being like, 我记得，可能是几个月之后，我记得他找到我，对我说
"I think we might win this." “我觉得我们可能会赢。”
And I was like, "That would be amazing." 我好像是说“那太棒了。”
Calls to Congress continue. 对国会的抗议在继续
When the domain hosting site Go Daddy becomes a supporter of the bill, 当域名注册网站GO Daddy 成为了法案的支持者
tens of thousands of users transferred their domain names in protest. 成千上万的用户转移他们的域名以示抗议
Within a week, a humbled Go Daddy reverses their position on SOPA. 不到一周，被打败的Go Daddy彻底转变了对于《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）的立场
When the congress people that supported the record and movie industries, 当支持记录和电影产业的议员
realized that there was this backlash, they kind of scaled the bill back a little bit. 意识到强烈反对的存在，他们在法案上有所让步
You could see the curve happening. You could see that our arguments were starting to resonate. 你可以看出转机出现了。我们的抗议开始引起共鸣
It was like Aaron had been striking a match and it was being blown out, 这好像亚伦划了一根火柴，被吹灭了
striking another one, and it was being blown out, 划另一根，也被吹灭了
and finally he'd managed to catch enough kindling that the flame actually caught, 但他最终还是成功地收集到足够的火种来点燃火焰
and then it turned into this roaring blaze. 并使它燃成了熊熊烈火
On January 16, 2012, the White House issued a statement 在2012年1月16日，白宫发表声明
saying they didn't support the bill. 声称他们不支持这一法案
And then this happened: 接下来这一切发生了：
I'm a big believer that we should be dealing with issues of piracy, 我坚信我们应当处理盗版的问题
and we should deal with them in a serious way, but this bill is not the right bill. 并且是通过一种严肃的方式，但这个法案不是一个正确的法案。
When Jimmy Wales put his support toward blacking out Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales（维基百科创始人之一）关闭维基百科，以示对斯沃茨的声援
the number five most popular website in the world, 维基百科是全世界最受欢迎的五个网站之一
this is a website that's seven percent of all of the clicks on anywhere on the internet. 拥有全网点击量的百分之七
Wikipedia went black. 维基百科关闭
Reddit went black. 红迪网关闭
Craigslist went black. 克雷格列表关闭
The phone lines on Capitol Hill flat out melted. 国会山的电话被打爆
Members of Congress started rushing to issue statements retracting their support for the bill 议员急于收回对法案的支持
that they were promoting just a couple days ago. 而他们在几天前还推动这一法案
Within 24 hours, the number of opponents of SOPA in Congress 不到24小时，反对《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）的议员
went from this... 从这么多……
to this. 变成了那么多
To see congressmen and senators slowly flip sides throughout the day of the blackout 看众议员和参议员在网络封锁这几天中的反戈
was pretty unbelievable. 令人目瞪口呆
There was like a hundred representative swing. 好像是一百个代表在荡秋千
And that was when, as hard as it was for me to believe, after all this, 就是那时，尽管难以置信，但在经历了这一切之后
we had won. 我们赢了
The thing that everyone said was impossible, 每个人都说不可能
that some of the biggest companies in the world had written off as kind of a pipedream, 某些全球最大公司眼中的白日梦
had happened. 确确实实发生了
We did it. 我们做到了
We won. 我们赢了
This is a historic week in internet politics--maybe American politics. 这是在互联网政治上，或许是美国政治上历史性的一周
The thing that we heard from people in Washington, D.C., from the staffers on Capitol Hill was: 我们从华盛顿特区的人们那里，从国会山职员那里听到的是：
they received more emails and more phone calls on SOPA Blackout Day 在《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）抗议日他们收到的电子邮件和电话
than they'd ever received about anything. 比以往任何时候都要多
I think that was an extremely exciting moment. 我认为这是一个激动人心的时刻
This was the moment when the internet had grown up, politically. 这代表了互联网在政治方面的成熟
It was exhilarating because it's hard to believe it actually happened. 这令人振奋，因为很难相信它真的发生了
It's hard to believe a bill with so much financial power behind it 很难相信这个得到众多经济支持的法案
didn't simply sail through the Congress. 没有轻松地在议会顺利通过
And not only did not sail through, it didn't pass at all. 而且不仅没有顺利通过，它根本没有通过
It's easy sometimes to feel like you're powerless, 有时很容易感觉你是渺小的，
like when you come out on the streets and you march and you yell and nobody hears you. 比如当你来街上游行，你大喊却没人听到
But I'm here to tell you today, you are powerful. 但是在这里我告诉你，今天你是强大的
[Crowd cheers] 【人群欢呼】
So, yeah, maybe sometimes you feel like you're not being listened to, but I'm here to tell you that you are. 是的，可能有时你感到你们没有被重视，但是我在这里告诉你们
You are being listened to. You are making a difference. 你们被重视着，你们创造了改变
You can stop this bill if you don't stop fighting. 只要你们不停止抗议，就可以叫停这项法案
[Crowd cheers] 【人群欢呼】
Stop PIPA. 叫停PIPA（《保护知识产权法案》）
Stop SOPA. 叫停SOPA（《禁止网络盗版法案》）
[Crowd cheers] 【人群欢呼】
Some of the biggest internet companies, to put it frankly, would benefit 坦率地讲，一些最大的互联网公司，
from a world in which their little competitors could get censored. 会从小竞争对手遭遇审查的情况中获利
We can't let that happen. 我们不能任其发生
For him, it was more important to be sure that you made a small change 对他而言，你做出的小的改变，比在
than to play a small part in a big change. 大变革中担任小角色更为重要
But SOPA was like playing a major part in a major change, 但是《禁止网络盗版法案》（SOPA）这件事中，他担任的像是大变革中的重要角色
and so for him, it was kind of this proof of concept 对他而言，这像是印证着下边这句话
like, "Okay, what I want to do with my life is change the world." “好吧，我想做的是用我一生改变世界”
"I think about it in this really scientific way of measuring my impact, “我用于思考的方式，能够科学地衡量我的影响力
and this shows that it's possible." 事实表明这是可行的。”
"The thing that I want to do with my life is possible." “我想尽我一生来做的事是可行的。”
"I have proved that I can do it, “我已经证明了我可以做到
that I, Aaron Swartz, can change the world." 我，亚伦•斯沃茨，可以改变世界。”
For a guy who never really thought he had done much--which was Aaron-- 对于一个从未想过他能做这么多，那个家伙是亚伦
was one of the few moments where you could really see 这是为数不多的时刻，你可以真正看到
that he felt like he had done something good, 他感到他做了件好事
feeling like here is his maybe one and only victory lap. 感觉到这是他的一次或许是唯一一次可以绕场一周庆祝的胜利
Everyone said there was no way we could stop SOPA. 所有人都说我们不可能阻止《禁止网络盗版法》（SOPA）
We stopped it. 我们做到了
This is three outrageously good victories, and the year isn't even over yet. 这是三个惊人的胜利，而甚至还没有到头呢
I mean, if there's a time to be positive, it's now. 我是说，如果有个可以乐观的时刻，那就是现在
You know, he wins at SOPA a year after he's arrested. 你知道，他在被捕一年之后战胜了《禁止网络盗版法》SOPA
It's not unambiguously happy moments. There's a lot going on. 此时并非万事大吉。还有很多事在发生
He's so attuned towards participating in the political process, you can't stop him. 他很适应参与政治进程，你没法阻止他
The list of organizations Swartz founded or co-founded is enormous, 斯沃茨创立或者参与创立的组织数量庞大
and years before Edward Snowden would expose widespread internet surveillance, 在Edward Snowden揭露广泛的网络监视的许多年前
Swartz was already concerned. 斯沃茨已经注意到（网络监视）了
It is shocking to think that the accountability is so lax 难以置信，问责制度是如此松懈
that they don't even have sort of basic statistics about how big the spying program is. 以至于他们甚至没有关于间谍计划究竟多大的基础数据
And if the answer is: "Oh, we're spying on so many people we can't possibly even count them" 如果答案是这样,“哦，我们监视的人群多到数不清。”
then that's an awful lot of people. 那么这个数量一定很可怕
It'd be one thing if they said, "Look, we know the number of telephones we're spying on, 也可能他们说，“看，我们知道我们监听了多少电话
we don't know exactly how many real people that corresponds to." 但我们不知道他们这些电话究竟对应了多少人。”
but they just came back and said, "We can't give you a number at all." 他们只需要回过头来说：“我们不能告诉你这个数量。”
That's pretty--I mean, that's scary, is what it is. 这相当的——我是说，可怕。但事实就是这样。
And they put incredible pressure on him, took away all of the money he had made. 他们对他施加了难以置信的压力，没收了他挣的所有钱
They, you know, threatened to take away his physical freedom. 他们，你知道，威胁要剥夺他的人身自由
Why'd they do it, you know? I mean, well, why are they going after whistleblowers? 你知道他们为什么这么做吗？我是说，为什么他们追捕告密者？
You know, why are they going after people who tell the truth 为什么他们追捕说出
about all sorts of things, I mean, from the banks, to war, to just sort of government transparency. 关于这些事真相的人——从银行到战争，到政府的透明度
So secrecy serves those who are already in power, 因为机密为那些掌权者服务
and we are living in an era of secrecy that coincides with an era where the government is doing, also, 我们生活在一个保密的时代，也正值一个政府
a lot of things that are probably illegal and unconstitutional. 也正值一个政府做的许多事都违法违宪的时代
So, those two things are not coincidences. 所以，这两件事并非巧合
It's very clear that this technology has been developed 很显然，这项技术的发展
not for small countries overseas, but right here, for use in the United States, by the U.S. government. 不是为其他小国家所服务的，而是为这里的美国政府所服务的
The problem with the spying program is it's this sort of long, slow expansion, you know, 间谍行动的问题在于这是一种长期的、缓慢的扩张，
going back to the Nixon administration, right, 你可以追溯到尼克松时期，没错
obviously it became big after 9/11 under George W. Bush, 在小布什执政期间，911事件之后明显扩张
and Obama has continued to expand it, and the problems have slowly grown worse and worse, 奥巴马继续扩张，问题越来越严重
but there's never been this moment you can point to and say, 但从未到达这种时刻，即你可以指出来说
"Okay, we need to galvanize opposition today because today is when it matters..." “好的，我们得揭竿而起，因为在今天，窃听非常严重。”
The prosecution, in my estimation of Aaron Swartz, was about sending a particular, laser like message 以我对Aaron Swartz的了解，起诉其实是像镭射一样，特定针对那些
to a group of people that the Obama administration sees as politically threatening, 被奥巴马政府视作是政治威胁的一群人发出讯息
and that is, essentially, the hacker, the information, and the democracy activist community, 他们基本上是黑客，信息和民主人士社团
and the message that the Obama administration wanted to send to that particular community was, 在我看来，奥巴马政府想要传达给他们的信息是这样的
in my estimation, "We know you have the ability to make trouble for the establishment, “我们知道你们有能力破坏它的建立
and so we are going to try to make an example out of Aaron Swartz 所以我们准备用亚伦•斯沃茨来杀鸡儆猴
to scare as many of you as possible into not making that trouble." 去恐吓尽可能多的人,叫他们别制造麻烦
And the government said, "Oh, the legal opinions we're using 政府说，“哦，我们用来使间谍活动合法化的法律意见
to legalize the spying program are also classified, 也是机密的
so we can't even tell you which laws we're using to spy on you." 所以我们不能告诉你我们正在使用哪条法律来监视你”
You know, every time they can say, "Oh, this is another instance of cyber war. 你知道，每次他们都可以说，“哦，这是另一个网络战争的例子
The cybercriminals are attacking us again. We're all in danger. We're all under threat." 网络罪犯再一次袭击我们。我们处于危险之中，我们受到了威胁。”
They use those as excuses to push through more and more dangerous laws. 他们把这些当做借口来推行越来越多危险的法律
[Interviewer] And so just to follow--personally, how do you feel the fight is going? 就你个人而言，你认为抗争将走向何处？
It's up to you! 这由你决定！
-I know. It's just that we gotta, you know... 我知道。我们只是将要……你知道……
You know, there's sort of these two polarizing perspectives, right, 你知道，视角是两极化的，没错
everything is great, the internet has created all this freedom and liberty, and everything's going to be fantastic 一切都是伟大的，互联网创造了自由，一切都很了不起
or everything is terrible, 或者说一切都很可怕
the internet has created all these tools for cracking down and spying, 互联网创造了所有用于制裁、监听
and controlling what we say. 并且控制我们的言论的工具
And the thing is, both are true, right? 事情就是这样，两方面都是对的，是吧？
The internet has done both, and both are kind of amazing and astonishing 互联网是一把双刃剑，它所带来的两个方面的影响都很了不起，很惊人
and which one will win out in the long run is up to us. 从长远来看，哪一方会胜出取决于我们
It doesn't make sense to say, "Oh, one is doing better than the other." You know, they're both true. 说，“一方面比另一方做的更好”这种话是没有意义的，你知道的，他们都是存在的
And it's up to us which ones we emphasize and which ones we take advantage of 而强调哪一个、利用好哪一个，取决于我们
because they're both there, and they're both always going to be there. 因为他们都真实存在，并将一直存在
On September 12, 2012, federal prosecutors filed a superseding indictment against Swartz, 在2012年9月12日，联邦检察官对斯沃茨提起新的诉讼，
adding additional counts of wire fraud, unauthorized access to a computer, and computer fraud. 添加电信欺诈、非法访问计算机和计算机欺诈的罪名
Now, instead of four felony counts, Swartz was facing thirteen. 现在，斯沃茨面临的不再是四项重罪罪名，而是十三项
The prosecution's leverage had dramatically increased, 检方所施加的影响急剧增加
as did Swartz's potential jail time and fines. 同样急剧增加的还有斯沃茨可能面临的刑期和罚款
They filed a separate indictment to add more charges, 他们提起了一个独立的诉讼以增加罪名
and they had a theory about why this conduct constituted a number of federal crimes, 而且他们有一个关于这种行为为何构成了一系列的联邦罪行的理论
and that a very significant sentence could attach to it under the law. 而且根据法律，一个重要的判决与这个理论相关
That theory, and much of the prosecution's case against Swartz 这个理论，连同很多对斯沃茨的指控
involved a law created originally in 1986. 与1986年制定的一部法律有关。
It is called the "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act". 它被称作“《计算机诈骗与滥用法》”
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 《计算机欺诈和滥用法》的灵感
was inspired by the movie "War Games" with Matthew Broderick--great movie. 来源于Matthew Broderick的电影《战争游戏》，这是部很棒的电影
[Broderick] I have you now. 我控制了你
In this movie, a kid gets the ability, through the magic of computer networks 在这部电影中，计算机网络的魔力赋予了一个孩子
to launch a nuclear attack. 发动核攻击的能力
[missiles firing up] 【导弹发射】
You know, that's not actually possible, and it certainly wasn't possible in the '80s 你知道，实际上这不可能，尤其是在80年代
but apparently this movie scared Congress enough to 但显然这部电影使国会非常害怕
pass the original Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. 以至于他们通过了《计算机欺诈与滥用法》
This is a law that's just behind the times, for example, it penalizes 这是一部落后于时代的法律，例如
a terms of service kind of arrangement. You can have something like 它惩罚协议类的服务条款
eHarmony or Match.com, and somebody sort of inflates their own personal characteristics, 在eHarmony或者Match.com上， 你可以虚构个人信息，夸大自己
and all of a sudden, depending on the jurisdiction and the prosecutors, 而突然间，根据管辖权和检察官的说法，
they could be in a whole host of troubles. 它们会惹来一大堆麻烦
We all know what "Terms of Use" are. 我们都知道什么是“使用条款”
Most people don't read them, but not abiding by their terms could mean 大多数人不读它，但不遵守他们的条款可能意味着
you are committing a felony. 你正在犯罪
The website Terms of Service often say things like: 网络服务条款常常这么说：
"Be nice to each other", or "Don't do anything that's improper." “友善对待他人”或“不要有不恰当的行为”
The idea that the Criminal Law has anything to say about these kinds of violations, 刑法中包含着这些罪责
I think strikes most people as crazy. 这令人抓狂
The examples get even more "crazy": 有些例子甚至更为疯狂
Until it was changed in March of 2013, the Terms of Use on the website of Hearst's Seventeen magazine 在2013年3月修改之前，Hearst17岁杂志的网络使用条款
said you had to be eighteen in order to read it. 声明你必须年满18岁才能阅读它
I would say that the way the CFAA has been interpreted by the Justice Department, 根据司法部门对《计算机欺诈和滥用法》的解释
we are probably all breaking the law. 我们可能都在犯法
Vague and prone to misuse, the CFAA has become a one-size-fits-all hammer 模糊且容易误用的《计算机欺诈和滥用法》成为了放之四海而皆准的法槌
for a wide range of computer-related disputes. 用于处理与计算机有关的各种纠纷
Though not the only factor in his case, 尽管《计算机诈骗与滥用法》不是案中的唯一因素
eleven of the thirteen charges against Swartz involved the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. 13项指控中的11项与之相关
The question "Why?" hangs over much of the story of Aaron Swartz. 在亚伦•斯沃茨的故事中，“为什么”这个问题常常悬而未决
Just what was motivating the government, and what would their case have been? 究竟是什么在驱动着政府？案子本该怎么处理？
The Department of Justice declined requests for answers, 美国司法部拒绝回答
but Professor Orin Kerr is a former prosecutor who has studied the case. 但前检察官Orin Kerr教授曾研究过这个案件
So, I think I come about this case from a different direction than other people on a number of reasons: 所以我有以下的理由,从与常人不同的角度看待这个案件
I was a federal prosecutor at the Justice Department for three years 在我成为教授前我曾在司法部担任了三年的联邦检察官
before I started teaching. The government came forward 政府提出的指控
with an indictment based on what crimes they thought were committed, 基于政府认为他们犯了什么罪
just as a purely lawyer's matter, looking at the precedents, looking at the statute, 作为一个纯粹的律师，关注先例，关注法规
looking at the history, looking at the cases that are out there so far, 关注历史，关注案子的发展情况
I think it was a fair indictment based on that. 我认为这是一个公平的、有理有据的起诉
You can debate whether they should have charged this case. 你们可以争论他们是否有罪
There's just a lot of disagreement. Some people are on the Open Access side, some people are not. 这有很多的异议，有些人支持开放获取，有些人则不
I think the government took Swartz's "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto" very seriously, 我认为，政府对斯沃茨的“游击队开放获取宣言”的态度非常严肃
and I think they saw him as somebody who was committed, as a moral imperative, 政府认为他是个坚定的卫道者
to breaking the law, to overcome a law that Swartz saw as unjust, Swartz要违反和挑战他认为不公正的法律
and in a democracy, if you think a law is unjust, there are ways of changing that law. 而在一个民主政体中，如果你认为某部法律不公正，你可以通过几个途径来改变它
There's going to Congress as Swartz did so masterfully with SOPA, 可以像斯沃茨一样霸气地阻止《禁止网络盗版法》（SOPA），来对抗国会
or you can violate that law in a way to try to nullify that law, 或者你可以通过使法律失效的方式来对抗它
and I think what was driving the prosecution was the sense that Swartz was committed, 而且我认为驱使检方提出这一诉讼的原因在于斯沃茨下定决心
not just to breaking the law, but to really making sure that law was nullified. 不仅要违反法律，而是要确保这部法律被废除
That everyone would have access to the database in a way that 每个人都能获取这些数据，是不可逆转的事实
you couldn't put the toothpaste back into the tube. 如同你不可能把牙膏挤回管里一样，
It would be done, and Swartz's side would win. 斯沃茨会把事情做成，他会赢
There's a big disagreement in society as to whether that is an unjust law, 这部法律的公正性在社会上引起了很大争议
and ultimately, that is a decision for the American people to make, working through Congress. 最终，美国人民将会通过议会来作出决定
And then the second problem is, I think, we're still trying to figure out: 接下来的第二个问题，我认为是，我们仍在试图弄明白
What's the line between less serious offences and more serious offences? 罪行轻重的界限在哪里？
We're now entering this different environment of computers and computer misuse, 我们现在进入了一个不同的充斥着计算机和计算机滥用的环境
and we don't yet have a really strong sense of exactly what these lines are 而我们还不太确定这些边界在哪里
because we're just working that out. 原因在于我们才刚刚起步
This is a poor use of prosecutorial discretion. 这是对检控裁量权的错误使用
The hammer that the Justice Department has to scare people with 司法部用来恐吓群众的法槌
just gets bigger and bigger and bigger, 越来越大，越来越大
and so most people just--you know, you can't roll the dice with your life like that. 大多数人——你知道，不会用自己的生活做赌注
Should we tap somebody's phone? Should we film them? 我们应该偷看别人的手机吗？我们应该偷拍他们吗？
Should we turn somebody and get them to testify against these other people? 我们应该让一些人作证指控另一些人吗？
That's how federal agents and prosecutors think. 这正是联邦特工和检察官的想法
They build cases. They make cases. 他们建立案件。他们制造案件
Swartz was caught in the gears of a brutal criminal justice system that could not turn back, 斯沃茨被卡在了残暴的刑事司法体系的齿轮中，无法脱身
a machine that has made America the country with the highest rate of incarceration in the world. 这台机器使得美国成为了世界上监禁率最高的国家
We have, in this country, allowed ourselves to be captured by the politics of fear and anger, 在这个国家，我们容忍让我们恐惧和愤怒的政治
and anything we're afraid of, like the future of the internet and access, 我们服从于让我们恐惧的事，例如互联网和访问权限的未来
and anything we're angry about, instinctively creates a criminal justice intervention, 我们服从于让我们愤怒的事，本能地促成了刑事司法的介入
and we've used jail, prison, and punishment to resolve a whole host of problems 我们运用看守所、监狱和刑法去解决大量的
that, historically, were never seen as criminal justice problems. 在历史上从未被当做刑事问题的问题
The impulse to threaten, indict, prosecute, which is part of what 对于恐吓、控告、起诉的亢奋，
has created this debate and controversy over online access and information on the internet, 引起了有关在线数据库和网络信息的讨论和争议
is very consistent with what we've seen in other areas. 这种亢奋同样存在于其他领域
The one difference is that the people who are usually targeted and victimized 而区别在于，在其他领域中，这种刑事过度制裁的目标人群和受害者
by these kinds of criminal and carceral responses are typically poor and minority. 通常是穷人和少数族裔。
Swartz's isolation from friends and family increased. 斯沃茨与朋友和家人的联络越来越少
He had basically stopped working on anything else, 他基本上停止了其他的工作
and the case was, in fact, taking over sort of his whole life. 而且事实上，这个案件几乎占据了他的全部生活
One of Aaron's lawyers apparently told the prosecutors that he was emotionally vulnerable, 亚伦的律师之一明确告诉检察官：他感情很脆弱
and that that was something they really needed to keep in mind so that they knew that. 他们需要注意到这件事。他们清楚这点
t was weighing on him very heavily. 这给他很大的压力
He did not like having his actions and his movements restricted in any way, 他不喜欢自己的行动以任何方式被限制
and the threat of jail, which they pounded him with a lot, 而且对他打击很大的入狱威胁，
was terrifying to him. 令他很恐惧
Completely exhausted his financial resources, 亚伦完全失去了经济来源
and it cost us a lot of money also, and he raised a substantial amount of money, 我们花了许多钱，他又筹集了大量的资金
so it was, you know, it was in the millions of dollars. 如此一来，你知道，总共花了好几百万美元
[Interviewer] The legal defence? - Yes. 【采访者】法律辩护吗？ ——对
-Was in millions? - Yes. ——好几百万？ ——对
I think he didn't want to be a burden to people. 我认为他不想成为别人的负担
I think that was a factor like, "I have my normal life, 我认为这像是“我有我正常的生活，
and then I have this shitty thing I have to deal with, 我也有一些麻烦事要去处理
and I try to keep the two of them as separate as possible, 我尽量让这二者井水不犯河水
but they were just beginning to blur together and everything was becoming shitty." 但是它们开始搅在了一起，所有一切都变糟了
Swartz faced a tough choice that was only getting tougher: 斯沃茨面临着一个日益艰难的决择
Do you admit guilt and move on with your life, 你要承认有罪，继续生活
or do you fight a broken system? 还是对抗破裂的体制？
With his legal case, the answer was simple: 从案件可以看出，他的答案很简单：
He rejects a final plea deal and a trial date is set. 他拒绝了最后一次认罪协议，审判日期确定
Aaron was resolute that he didn't want to knuckle under and accept something 亚伦十分坚决，他不愿屈服或者接受任何
that he didn't believe was fair, but I also think he was scared. 他觉得不公平的事，但我觉得他很害怕
I don't think they would have convicted Aaron. 我觉得他们不会给亚伦定罪
I think we would have walked him out of that courthouse, and I would have given him a big hug, 我以为我们会陪他走出法庭，会给他一个大大的拥抱
and we would have walked across that little river in Boston, and gone and had a couple of beers. 我们会在波士顿的小河边散步，然后离开，再去喝几瓶啤酒
I really thought that we were right. I thought that we were going to win the case. 我真的以为我们是对的，我以为我们会赢得这场官司
I thought that we could win the case. 我以为我们可以赢的。
He didn't talk about it very much, but you could see 他不想过多的谈论这件事，但你能看出
the enormous pain that he was going through. 他承受着多大的痛苦
[song]
No time in his childhood did Aaron have any severe mood swings 童年的亚伦很少有严重的情绪波动
or depressive episodes or anything that I would describe as "severe depression" 或者抑郁发作或者什么可以称作“严重抑郁”的事
and it's possible, you know, he was depressed. People get depressed. 你知道，他有可能抑郁。人们都会抑郁
[music]
Very early in our relationship, three or four weeks in or something, 在我们刚恋爱的时候，可能是三四周的时候
I remember him saying to me 我记得他对我说
that I was a lot stronger than he was. 我比他坚强许多
You know, he was brittle in a lot of ways. 你知道，他在很多方面都很脆弱
Things were a lot harder for him than for a lot of people. 与大多数人相比，同样的一件事，对他来说更难承受得多
That was part of his brilliance, too. 但这也是他的光芒所在
I think he probably had something like clinical depression in his early twenties. 我认为他可能在二十出头的时候得了抑郁症之类
I don't think he did when I was with him. 我得我们在一起时他没有抑郁症
He wasn't a "joyful" person, but that's different from being depressed. 他不是一个很欢乐的人，但这不是抑郁
He was just under such enormous pressure for two years straight. 他就是这两年压力太大了
He just didn't want to do it anymore. 他不想再继续了
He was just--I just think it was too much. 他只是——我觉得他要承受的太多了
[song]
I got a phone call late at night. 深夜里我接到了一个电话
I could tell something was wrong, and then I called, and I realized what had happened. 我觉得不太对劲，回了电话，然后意识到发生了什么
A co-founder of the social news and entertainment website "Reddit" has been found dead. 社会新闻和娱乐网站红迪网的联合创始人被发现身亡
Police say twenty-six-year-old Aaron Swartz 警方宣布26岁的亚伦•斯沃茨
killed himself yesterday in his Brooklyn apartment. 昨日在他布鲁克林的公寓自杀
I just thought, we've lost one of the most creative minds of our generation. 我觉得，我们失去了这一代最有创造力的头脑之一
I was like, the whole world fell apart at that moment. 我觉得在那一瞬间整个世界都崩塌了
It was one of the hardest nights of my life. 这是我生命里最难捱的一夜
I just kept screaming, "I can't hear you! What did you say? I can't hear you!" 我不停地喊着“我听不到！你说了什么？我听不到！”
I can't. That's it. 我听不到。就是这样
[Interviewer] Okay.
Yeah, none of it made any sense, 这些没有任何意义
and really still doesn't. 直到现在也没有
I was so frustrated, angry. 我非常的沮丧和生气
[exhales]
You know, I tried to explain it to my kids. 我试着去解释给我的孩子听
My three-year-old told me that the doctors would fix him. 我三岁的孩子告诉我医生会治好他
I've known lots of people that have died, but I've never lost anybody like this, 有很多我认识的人已经去世了，但是我从来没有像这样失去一个人
because everybody feels, and I do too, there is so much we could have--more to do like... 因为，包括我在内，每个人都感觉到，有太多的事情我们可以、太多的可以去做
I just didn't know he was there. I didn't know this was what he was suffering and... 我只是不知道他在那，不知道是他承受着什么
He was part of me. 他是我的一部分
And I just wanted it to not be real, and then... 我只希望这不是真的
and then I just looked at his Wikipedia page and I saw the end date: 然后，我在维基上看到他，我看了下最后的日期
02-02-2013 02-02-2013
Aaron is died. Wanderers in this crazy world, we have lost a mentor, a wise elder. Hackers for right, we are one down, we have lost one of our own. Nurturers, carers, listeners, feeders, parents all, we have lost a child. Let us all weep. Aaron去世了。在这个疯狂的世界流浪，我们失去了一个良师益友，一个聪明的年轻人。 正义的骇客，我们是一个，是一个失去了一个我们自己的。养育着、照护者、 听众、父母的所有，我们失去了一个孩子。让我们哭泣。
My first thought was: what if nobody even notices? 我第一反应是如果没有人关注会怎样
You know, because it wasn't clear to me how salient he was. 你知道的，我都不是很清楚他如此突出
I had never seen anything quite like the outpouring I saw. 我从来没见过任何事情像这样流露出来
The Net just lit up. 网上沸腾了
Everyone was trying to explain it in their own way, but I've never seen 每个人都在尝试用自己的方式去解释这件事
people grieve on Twitter before. 我以前从来没看到人们在推特上如此伤心过
People were visibly grieving online. 在网上，大家都如此悲伤
He was the internet's own boy, 他是互联网的孩子
and the old world killed him. 然后整个世界杀了他
We are standing in the middle of a time when great injustice is not touched. 我们正站在一个极度不公平的时代里面
Architects of the financial meltdown have dinner with the president, regularly. 金融危机的建筑师与总统正常进行晚餐
In the middle of that time, the idea that this is what the government had to prosecute, 在这个时代，这样的想法是政府要起诉的
It just seems absurd, if it weren't tragic. 如果这不是悲剧，但看起来很荒诞
The question is: Can we do something, given what's happened, 问题在于：对于已发生的事我们能做些什么
to make the world a better place, 让世界变得更美好
and how can we further that legacy? 还有，我们怎么利用好他的馈赠？
That's the only question one could ask. 这是我们唯一能问的问题
All over the world there are starting to be hack-a-thons, gatherings, 全世界开始进行编程马拉松，聚集在一起
Aaron Swartz has, in some sense, brought the best out of us, in trying to say: 亚伦在某种意义上，给我们留下了最好的，正试着去说：
How do we fix this? 我们如何解决这个问题？
He was, in my humble opinion, one of the true extraordinary revolutionaries 依我个人而见，他是这个国家所产生的真正的非凡的革命者
that this country has produced. 真正的非凡的革命者
I don't know whether Aaron was defeated or victorious, 我并不知道Aaron是被打败的还是胜利的
but we are certainly shaped by the hand of the things that he wrestled with. 但我们已经被他为之拼搏的东西所塑造
When we turn armed agents of the law on citizens trying to increase access to knowledge, 当我们变成法律的代理人，以公民的角度试着去获取知识
we've broken the rule of law--we've desecrated the temple of justice. 我们已经违反了法律——并且我们已经亵渎了神殿上的正义
Aaron Swartz was not a criminal. 亚伦·斯沃茨不是犯罪者
[applause]
Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, 改变并不是历史的必然
it comes through continuous struggle. 它要通过连续的斗争
Aaron really could do magic, Aaron真的能够施展魔法
and I'm dedicated to making sure that his magic doesn't end with his death. 并且我致力于去保证他的魔法不会随着他的死亡而结束
He believed that he could change the world, and he was right. 他认为他可以改变世界，他的确是对的
Out of the last week, and out of today, phoenixes are already rising. 上个礼拜过去了，今天过去了，凤凰已经涅磐！
[applause]
Since Swartz's death, Representative Zoe Lofgren and Senator Ron Wyden 斯沃茨去世后，Zoe Lofgren Sen. Ron Wyden
have introduced legislation that would reform the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act-- 已经提出了将要改变的反滥用计算机欺诈法案
the outdated law that formed the majority of the charges against Swartz. 过时的法律形成对斯沃茨大部分的指控
It's called "Aaron's Law". 它被称作，“Aaron的法律"
Aaron believed that you literally ought to be asking yourself all of the time: 亚伦认为，你应该一遍又一遍问你自己
What is the most important thing I could be working on in the world right now? 在这个世界上，我能立马做的最重要的事是什么？
And if you're not working on that, why aren't you? 你为什么不去做这件事？
[Protesters] This is what democracy looks like! 【抗议者】这就是所谓的民主！
[crowd chants] We are the people too! 【人们的呼声】我们也是公民
Internet freedom's under attack, what do we do? 互联网自由被侵犯，我们该做什么？
Stand up, fight back! 站起来，斗争！
Internet freedom's under attack, what do we do? 互联网自由被侵犯，我们该做什么？
Hey, hey! Ho, ho! NROC has got to go! 嗨，嗨，NROC必须得走！
I wish we could change the past, but we cannot. 我希望我们能改变过去，但是我们不能
But we can change the future and we must. 但是我们可以改变未来，我们必须这么做
We must do so for Aaron, we must do so for ourselves. 为了亚伦，为了我们自己
We must do so to make our world a better place, a more humane place, 必须让世界变得更好，更人性化
a place where justice works, and access to knowledge becomes a human right. [applause] 变成一个正义公正、人们有权获取知识的世界
So there was a kid, back in February, from Baltimore, fourteen years old, 在2月份，就有一个巴尔摩的的14岁孩子
who had access to JSTOR, and he'd been spelunking through JSTOR after reading something, 他能使用JSTOR，
and he figured out a way to do early tests for pancreatic cancer, 他找到一种检测胰腺癌早期的方法
and pancreatic cancer kills the shit out of you because we detect it way too late 因为发现得太晚，胰腺癌很容易致命
by the time we detect it, it's already too late to do anything about it, 等我们发现它，做什么都迟了
and he sent emails off to the entire oncology department at Johns Hopkins, 他发邮件给霍普金斯大学医院的整个肿瘤系
you know hundreds of them, and every-- - [Interviewer] Did you say fourteen years old? 你知道的，他们几百号人，每个人都……——你是说一个14岁的孩子？
- Fourteen-year-old kid, yeah, and most of them ignored it but one of them sent him an email back, 是的，14岁大的孩子，大部分人无视了他的邮件，但有一个人给他回信了
and said this is not an entirely stupid idea, why don't you come on over? 信中说:"这不完全是个无理的想法，你为什么不来我这呢？"
This kid worked evenings and weekends with this researcher, and in February I heard him on the news 这个孩子晚上和周末都去和那个研究者工作，在二月份我就从新闻上听到
just a couple of weeks after Aaron died, when Aaron was in the news a lot.. 就在亚伦死后两周，当亚伦在新闻中……
Sorry... 不好意思……
and he said the reason he was on the news was 'cause they'd done it. They were shipping 那个孩子说他自己能出现在新闻里是因为他们所做的那些
an early test for pancreatic cancer that was going to save lives, 他们正在研究检测早期胰腺癌的方法，而这能就人命
and he said, "This is why what Aaron did was so important." 他说;"这就是问什么亚伦所做的如此重要。”
Because you never know, right? This truth of the universe is not only something 你从来就不知道，对吧？宇宙的真理不是政策制定者
that policymakers use to figure out, you know, what the speed limit should be. 运用出来的东西，你知道极限应该是什么的。
It's where the thing that's gonna keep your kid from dying of pancreatic cancer comes from, 这能让你的孩子免死于胰腺癌
and without access, the person who might come up with the thing that's got your number on it, 不能开放获取的话，提出这个东西的人 1
may never find that answer. 可能永远都找不到答案。
He sleeped so well, he didn't fall out of [baby talk], not even when he dreamed he was back on the spacecraft. 他睡得多好，甚至当他梦到自己回到他的宇宙飞船中也不会梦呓
[Aaron's dad] Very good, Aaron. Very good. Yay, Aaron! 很好，亚伦，非常不错！亚伦！
Okay, now it's song time. 现在是音乐播放时间
♪ ♪ ♪
AARON SWARTZ, 1986-2013
[credits]
[the end]