南京大屠杀 One of the greatest atrocities of world history
是人类历史上最残酷的暴行之一 is the Rape of Nanking
不只是日本人或是德国人 All human beings are capable of committing these kinds of atrocities
所有人都有犯下这种暴行的能力 not just the Japanese or the Germans
我认为 在某种社会和政治局势下 I think all human beings have this capacity for great evil
所有人都能做出邪恶的事 if put under the right social and political circumstances
本来南京大屠杀 The Rape of Nanking was something that
就是随时都有可能发生的 always could happen
而它确实发生过 and it did happen
如果我们要确定这种事件不再发生 and we have to learn from history
就必须从历史中汲取教训 if we want to make sure it doesn't happen again
张纯如-南京大屠杀 Iris Chang - The Rape of Nanking
最新消息 And now a news update
今天清晨 Early this morning
作家兼人权活动家张纯如的尸体 the body of writer and human rights activistIris Chang
在她的车中被人发现 was discovered in her parked car
当时她的车停在加州圣何塞附近 off the interstate highway
的州际公路上 near San Jose California
这位三十六岁的作家 The 36-year-old author
因撰写《南京大屠杀》一书而闻名 was best known for her book The Rape of Nanking
该书主要描写了一九三七年在中国南京 which described the mass slaughter of
日本军队大肆屠杀中国百姓的历史 Chinese civilians by the Japanese Imperial Army in 1937
这本全球畅销书 The internationally - acclaimed best seller
是第一部关于南京大屠杀的英文著作 was the first major work in Englishabout the massacre
从枪伤判断 Chang who had been sufferingfrom depression
患有抑郁症的张纯如 died of a gunshot wound
显然死于自杀 the victim of an apparent suicide
从小我就听过 I grew up hearing stories about
很多关于日本军队 Japan invading China and Chinese people
在南京屠杀中国人的故事 being massacred by Japanese soldiers in Nanking
但是我并不知道具体的细节 but I didn't know all the details
我刚完成我的第一本书 I had just finished writing my first book
南京是我接下来考虑的课题之一 and Nanking was one of the topics I was considering for the next
我的朋友告诉我 Then some friends of mine told me
一些热衷于研究中国历史的人正在组织 about this conference on the Rape of Nanking
一次有关于南京大屠杀的会议 that was being put together by a group of Chinese activists
所以 我从当时住的地方圣巴巴拉 So I drove up from Santa Barbarawhere I was living at the time
开车去库普帝诺 to Cupertino
想看看能发现些什么 to see what I could find out
那个时候 At that time
我真的不知道能不能找到 I really didn't know if there was enough for
足够的资料来写书 a book there
然而日本战后的繁荣 But Japan's post-war prosperity ended
却以大萧条告终 with the Great Depression
失业率直线上升 Unemployment soared
千百万人陷入贫穷 millions were thrust into poverty
日本军事领导人认为 Japan!s military leaders believed
应当向中国扩张 expansion into China
以中国丰富的资源 with its vast resources
缓解日本面临的问题 was the solution to the country's problems
经济危机 The economic crisis
给了他们觊觎已久的机会 gave them the opportunity they had beenwaiting for
一九三一年 他们出击了 In 1931 they struck
日军侵占了满洲里 Japanese troops seized control of Manchuria
那是位于中国东北的广大地区 a huge area of northwest China
在以后几年中 Over the next few years
日军先是向东 they marched east
后又南下 then south
以省为单位 逐个蚕食中国领土 conquering provinces one by one
当时的中国并没能发起全力抵抗 China was in no position to put up much resistance
蒋介石的国民政府 The nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek
正与毛泽东领导的共产党处于内战中 was embroiled in a vicious civil war with Mao Zedong's communists
竭力关注着自身的存亡 and was preoccupied with its own survival
然而 到了一九三六年 But by 1936
中国的形势已经危在旦夕 with the survival of the country itself at stake
国共双方展开合作 the two sides formed an uneasy alliance
联手抵抗日本侵略者 to confront the Japanese invaders
不可避免的全面战争 Full-scale war was inevitable
终于在一九三七夏天爆发 It came in the summer of 1937
日本在北京附近挑起事端并得逞 A minor clash near Beijing was trumped up by the Japanese
这一日军寻找良久的借口 It was the excuse they'd been looking for
终使他们侵占了北京 They captured Beijing and in August
并于八月进攻上海 attacked Shanghai
十一月 In November
经过三个月的殊死抵抗 after a fierce three-month battle
上海沦陷 the city fell
随后 The Japanese army then
日军向国民政府首府南京挺进 marched on the capital city of Nanking
一路烧杀抢掠 laying waste to everything in its path
当时难民和撤退的中国军人涌向南京 As refugees and retreating Chinese soldiers streamed towards Nanking
日本派轰炸机日夜轰炸 Japanese bombers terrorized the inhabitants of the city
恐怖的阴云笼罩在南京居民心头 with daily air raids
一九三七年十二月十二日 By December 12th
日本兵临南京城下 Japanese troops were massed outsidethe walled city of Nanking
次日 The next day
日军攻进城内开始了大规模的 they entered the city and began
掠夺、屠杀和强奸 raping and murdering its citizens
其暴虐程度堪称近代史之最 in an orgy of violence that has few parallels in modern history
是我的父母 My parents
告诉我南京大屠杀这段历史的 were the ones who told me aboutthe Nanking massacre
当我在美国中西部的 when I was a little girl growing up
一个大学城长大的时候 in a Midwestern college town
他们是大学理科教授 My parents are science professors
非常健谈 and they're very talkative
经常跟我讲起 and always told me what it was like
战时中国的故事 for them to grow up during the war in China
他们的父母 Their parents
我的祖父母 my grandparents
当时差点无法逃生 barely escaped with their lives
日本军侵略上海的时候 When the Japanese invaded Shanghai
我的祖父是上海一个郊区的区长 my father's father was the mayor ofone of the suburbs there
他迅速的把自己的家人 He quickly sent his family
转移到安全的地方 away to safety
可是自己却要留下来保卫城市 but it was his duty to stay behindto help defend the city
他不能走 So he cannot go
是我母亲把我们四个孩子 and it is my mother who has to bring
带到了一个安全的地方 all four children to safety
当时没有水 There's no water
没有食物 there's no food
火车上挤满了人 and the train was loaded
上海的战役持续了三个月 The Battle of Shanghai lasted three months
这对我母亲来说 实在太艰难了 That was very hard for my mother
她非常担心 She was very worried
上海成了孤岛 The city was cut off
整整三个月 For three months
我的父亲和我的母亲 there was no news
都没能够取得联系 between my mother and my father
我的外公 My mother's father
在南京国民政府任职 worked for the Nationalist Government in Nanking
他已经把他的家人安置到了 and had already sent his family
更安全的地方 to a safer area
在三七年十月中旬 Then in the middle of November '37
蒋介石决定把政府 Chiang Kai-shek decided to
撤离南京的时候 move the government headquarters inland
我外公被命令立刻撤离 My grandfather and other officials
他的家属能不能安全的转移 were ordered to evacuate immediately
不在政府的考虑之内 with or without their families
我母亲当时正在娘家探亲 My mother was visiting her mother
我父亲给她稍了个口信 so he sent a message to my mother in the village
让她不要再回南京而改去芜湖 to ask her to come to WuHuinstead to Nanking
还有四天的时间 This is about four days
最后一班船就要开了 because the ship going to leave
父亲每天都去芜湖的码头 he went to the dock at WuHu everyday
看我母亲还有一岁的孩子是否到了 to check the arrival of my motherwith her one-year-old
可是却迟迟没有等到 and there's no sight of her
最后 他面临一个选择 Finally he was left with this choice
要么搭乘最后一班船离开 of either leaving the area taking that last ship from Nanking
这样的话 and perhaps
他可能再也见不到他的家人 never seeing his family again
或者继续等待 or waiting
这样还是可能再也见不到他们 and perhaps never seeing her anyway
而且还会有生命的危险 and then run the risk of
可能会被日军屠杀 being massacred by the Japanese
这么痛苦的选择是谁都不愿意去面对的 It was a horrible choice that no man should ever make
最后他真的要走了 And finally as he was about to leave
因为他的船真的要离开了 because the ship really was on its way
这个时候 out of the region
外公绝望地对着天空 he cried out her name
大声呼喊外婆的名字 and just screamed it to the heavens
"以白" "以白" Yipei Yipei
这是我母亲的名字 That's my mother's name
后来 奇迹发生了 and there's a miracle
在长江的一角 On the corner of the Yangtze River
驶来最后一条开往芜湖的小船 the last sampan come towards the WuHu
当时我的母亲把头探出来 and there's my mother sticking her head
大声地喊着‘我在这儿呢 and saying "I'm here"
我的母亲就在这条小船上 My mother was on the boat!
有一些故事 Some of the stories
那些战争的故事 war stories
当我还是一个小女孩的时候 were filtered down to me
是我的父母一点一滴传达给我的 when I was a little girl growing upin Champagne-Urbana
他们告诉我 my mother and father said that
南京大屠杀是非常残酷的 the Rape of Nanking had been so intense
成千上万的人被杀害 thousands upon thousands of peoplewere killed
尸体被抛进扬子江上 and the bodies that had been throwninto the Yangtze River
血真的把江水染红了 during the carnage literally made the water turn red
小时候 When I was a little girl
我时常会做噩梦 I had nightmares sometimes
梦里面都是一些 The stories were very
恐怖的画面 very disturbing
我记得我反反复复做的一个梦是 I remember there was one I had over and over
我穿着一件白色的衣服 where I was in a white dress
被一个日本兵追赶 being chased by a Japanese soldier
我记得小时候 And I remember as a child
想多了了解一点这方面的事情 wanting to learn more about this
可是当我去学校的图书馆 and after going to my local school libraries
公共图书馆的时候 public libraries
发现里面没有一点相关的英文资料 I couldn't find a word about this matter in English
所以多年以来 So the matter really
南京大屠杀在我心里 remained a mystery to me
一直有一种神秘感 for years
当我在库普帝诺看到那些照片之后 When I saw the photographs at Cupertino
感觉好像终于与我父母告诉过我的 it was like finally coming face-to-face
那些可怕的故事面对面一样 with the horrors my parents had told me about
甚至比他们说的更糟 And if anything it was worse than they had said
其中有一张照片 There was this one picture of a man
拍到的是一个男人被斩首 who just been decapitated
刀锋已经过了他的脖子 and his head
而头还没掉下来的那一瞬间 was still sitting on his neck
就在那一刻 Basically in a single blinding moment
我发现人的生命是那么的脆弱 I saw the fragility of human life
我知道 我必须写这本书 and that's when I knew I had to write this book
我别无选择 It was like I had no choice
我还感觉到如果我出生在 I also felt that had il been bron in
那个年代 another era
那个地方 in another country
那个时间 in another time
我也就是其中的一具尸体了 I could have easily been one of those corpses
一具无名的尸体 one of those anonymous corpses in a photograph
在半个世纪之后 And the idea that perhaps half a century later
没有人关注 no one would care
而那些犯罪者甚至会说 and that the perpetrators
这些事情根本就没有发生过 might even say that it never happened at all
这尤其令我感到恐怖 that was just horrifying for me
对 一切就是从这里开始的 Yeah this is where it started
就在我身后的那个房间 right in that room behind me
我见到的是一个女孩子 I saw this young girl
扎着马尾辫 with a ponytail
身材瘦弱 在美籍华人中 slender quite tall
个儿还算高的 for a Chinese-American
打扰一下 Excuse me
我在看这些图片 I was looking at those pictures
他们非常具有冲击力 They're devastating
我想借阅并复印一下 可以吗? I would really like to borrow themto make some copies
我说 你要这干嘛 I said "What are you gonna do with it?"
哦 用来参考 Oh just for my records
怎么用 I said for what?
我是个职业作家 I'm a professional writer
我说得了 I said "Yeah right "
因为她很年轻 Because she looks so young
我还以为她是个想写读书报告的高中生 I thought she was a high school kidwriting a book report
我说这是你连碰都不想碰的课题 I said this is the kind of subject you don't even want to touch
她很热情 She was intense
她很专注 she was focused
她很执着 she was driven
而且志在必得 and she was a go-getter
第一眼见到她我就看出来了 and I knew that the first moment I saw her
她看着我的眼睛仿佛在说 She looked at me in the eyes and says
"这我一定能办成" 'I'm gonna get it done "
我知道这是一个无声的承诺 and without saying it I know that was a promise
第二天上午 So the next morning
我们再次碰面 we came back
我们开始计划需要做的工作 we started to go through things we wanted to do
以及如何执行 and how we're going to support it
她说："我需要你的帮助" She said "1 need your help"
"在南京我谁都不认识 I don't know anybody in Nanking
可我一定要去 but I figure that's where I'm gonna go
"所以我需要你帮忙牵牵线 So I need you to help me to find leads
真的吗?你的家乡在南京? Really? Your family is from that area?
就像韩弗理鲍嘉说的 Like Humphrey Bogart said
这是一段友谊的开始 'It's the beginning of a good friendship
一段美好的友谊 a beautiful friendship "
有库普帝诺的人支持我 Having the people in Cupertino behind me
我感到非常幸运 was a huge break
但是同时我也感到很大的压力 but at the same timeI also felt very overwhelmed
因为有很多人对我寄予厚望 because I had a lot of people counting on me
所以我做的第一件事情 So one of the first things I did
就是打电话给我的编辑苏珊罗宾娜 was call Susan Rabiner my editor
我在出的第一本书《蚕丝》 I had worked with her on my first book
的时候跟她合作过 Thread of the Silkworm
她说 如果"基本"出版社同意的话 And she said"l'm wondering if Basic would agree
我想自费出一本书 if I paid for it to do a book
出一本对我的民族社群很重要的书 that's very important to my community"
我说 我们不会这么做的 I said "We don't work that way
我们不会要你的钱 We're not going take money from you
我们要么认可并出版这本书 Either we're going to believe in the book and publish it
要么乾脆不出版 or we're not going to publish it
你跟我详细谈谈这本书的题材吧 So tell me more about the topic "
然后她向我讲述南京大屠杀的故事 And she described the story ofthe Rape of Nanking
我被深深吸引了 I was fascinated
我的整个职业生涯 My entire career in publishing had been related
都是以出版学术性的非小说为中心 to doing serious non-fiction books by academics
眼前这个如此庞大而重要的题材 Here was an enormous topic ofgreat importance
却还没有一个学者写过 and yet not one academic it appeared had written about it
我认为需要提出并回答这样一个问题 I think there's a big question to be asked and answered
为什么要一个孩子来讲述这个故事 why did it need a child of the community to tell this story?
还有 这件事为什么从历史书中消失了 And second why had it disappearedfrom the history books?
她去跟那些现居美国 She talked to people in the United States
当年经历过南京大屠杀的人谈话 who had there in Nanking at that time
她在华盛顿的国家档案馆里 She spent a lot of time in the National Archives
花了大量时间 in Washington DC
并寻找那些在南京呆过的传教士 and also a lot of the people in Nanking were missionaries
而许多传教士的记录 who were from Yale
都保存在耶鲁大学 and their records were in the Yale archives
我们问的第一个问题是 The first question we were asking is
究竟发生了什么事 what happened?
因为日本人宣称的是一回事 Because the Japanese claimed one thing
而中国人宣称的是另外一回事 the Chinese claimed something else
这时 我们知道我们想用 So by then we knew we wanted to tell the story
罗生门的方式 从三个角度出发来讲 Rashomon style three different ways
第一种是从侵略者的角度 The first way would be from the perspective of the attackers
也就是日本人 the Japanese
记忆中的这个事件是怎样的 as they remembered the incident
第二种 The second time would be
是从受害人的角度 from the perspective from the victims
也就是中国人的记忆中是怎样的 the Chinese as they remembered the incident
但是关键的问题是 But the critical factor was
有没有一些在场的独立人士 were there independent people there
能证实日本或中国哪一边的说法属实 who could either verify the Japanese side or the Chinese side
所以我们很早期 So very early on
就把焦点放在独立人士身上 we were focused on the independents
当我开始研究的时候 When I started researching
我才发现 I was so surprised to find out that
南京大屠杀在当时是非常轰动的新闻 the Rape of Nanking was front-page news
这让我非常惊讶 at the time
原来 日军入侵的时候 Western journalists were actually living in the city
有西方的记者在南京 when the Japanese invaded
他们亲眼目睹了一切 They saw what happened with their own eyes
而且他们关于大屠杀的报导 and their reports about the massacre
传遍了世界 were sent around the world
当时 在南京的西方人中除了记者 About 20 other Westerners who were in Nanking as well
还有传教士 医生 商人和外交官 businessmen missionaries diplomatsand doctors
他们中的很多人都用日记记录下了 and many of them wrote detailed diaries
大屠杀的详细情况 documenting the atrocities
约翰马吉 一个美国传教士 John McGee an American missionary
甚至用胶片拍摄下了受害人的状况 even filmed the victims
我看到他拍摄的影片的时候 when I saw his footage
我难以相信那些日本军人竟然如此残忍 I couldn't believe how brutal the Japanese soldiers had been
罗伯特威尔逊医生 Dr Robert Wilson
日以继夜地处理那些惨不忍睹的伤口 worked day and night treatinghorrifying wounds
明妮魏特琳 Minnie Vautrin
把她的女子学校变成了难民所 turned her women's college intoa refugee camp
德国商人 约翰拉贝 German businessman John Rabe
也把他的住所变成了难民收容地 hid hundreds of people in his own house
他和几个外国人 He was one of the foreigners
在南京建立了一个 who stayed in the city to create a
25平方英里的地区 2 5 square-mile area
他们称之为安全区 they called the Safety Zone
在大屠杀最惨烈的时候 they protected hundreds of thousands of Chinese
他们保住了数万名中国人的生命 from slaughter during the worst of this massacre
当我读到这些日记 When I read the diaries
我才发现 I realized there was
大屠杀有这不为人所知的一面 a whole other side to the story that nobody new about
他们那么的勇敢 These people were as courageous as you'll ever find
这些人不是什么传奇人物 They weren't larger-than-life characters
就是一些普通人 学者或者是传教士 they were just ordinary peoplescholars and missionaries
被卷入了极不寻常的境遇之中 who found themselves in an extraordinary situation
他们都是英雄 they were all heroes
其中的任何一个人的故事 You could have written a book
都可以写成一本书 about any one of them
明尼魏特琳是一名传教士 Minnie Vautrin was a missionary
生于伊利诺斯州的西科尔 who grew up in Secor Illinois
一九三七年 她在南京金陵女校工作 In 1937 she was the head of Jinling Woman's College in Nanking
南京沦陷之后 When Nanking fell to the Japanese
她把女校变成了难民收容所 Vautrin turned the campus into a refugee camp
成千上万名衣衫褴褛的 Thousands of Chinese woman and children poured into the zone
中国妇女和儿童都逃到那里 with only their clothes on their backs
有些日本兵 Soldiers would break into the camps
会趁魏特琳和其他传教士不备 at night and kidnap a few women
在夜里闯入难民所 before Vautrin and the other missionaries
掳走一些妇女 could stop them
魏特琳从日军的魔掌中 Vautrin managed to rescue a few girls
救回了很多妇女 from the clutches of soldiers
并勒令日本兵离开安全区 and ordered the Japanese out of the zone
但日军对魏特琳这样的坚强女子 But these men were not accustomed to dealing
也毫不手软 with strong women like Minnie Vautrin
经常对她拳脚相加 and slapped her around or threatened her
并用带血的军刀、刺刀和枪支威胁她 with their bloodied swords bayonets and guns
魏特琳是一名伟大的女性和英雄 Minnie Vautrin was a strong woman and a hero
可她最终发现 but in the end
住在南京这样的人间地狱中 she found it impossible to sustain
所受到的精神折磨 the mental torture of living in this hell
让她无法承受 that was Nanking
大屠杀事件发生后不久 shortly after the massacre
她就精神崩溃 she suffered a nervous breakdown
不得不回到美国 and had to return to the United States
可她并没有康复 She never recovered
终于有一天 Vautrin one day
魏特琳塞住了家中门窗的缝隙 stopped up the cracks of the house
打开煤气 turned on the gas
结束了自己的生命 and committed suicide
明妮的经历、陈述 Minnie's testimony really
对纯如的冲击很大 made a profound impression on Iris
即使明妮经历了浩劫 and the fact after
活了下来 having lived through this
并为拯救南京的中国百姓 and actually playing such a significant role in saving
作出了巨大的贡献 so many of the Chinese in Nanking
她仍无法摆脱那些折磨 she was so tormented that
最终竟以自杀结束生命 she committed suicide later
这件事 that was something that
在纯如的心中一直挥之不去 it didn't let go of Iris' mind
从早晨八点半到晚上八点 From 8:30 this morning until 8:00 this evening
我就一直站在当时难民涌入的门口 I stood at the front gate while the refugees poured in
我听了些令人心碎的消息 I'veI've heard scores of heart-breaking stories
前一天晚上几个女孩 of girls who were taken
从自己的家里被带走了 from their homes last night
今晚有辆货车经过 Tonight a truck passed in
车上载了约十个女孩子 which there were eight or ten girls
车子经过的时候她们呼喊着 and as they passed they called out
"救命!救命! 救救我们!" 'Jiu Ming! Jiu Ming!"Save our lives
上帝啊 Oh God!
今夜请制止那些残忍的士兵的暴行 Control the beastliness of the soldiers in Nanking tonight
抚慰那些伤心父母们的心灵 and comfort the heartbroken mothers and fathers
他们无辜的儿子今天被枪毙了 whose innocent sons have been shot today
保佑保佑那些年轻的男女度过 And guardguard the young menand girls through the long
这痛苦长夜 agonizing hours of this night
如果日本的女人看到这些场景 How ashamed the women of Japan would be
会是多么的羞愧难当 if they knew these tales of horror
她说"我边看魏特琳的日记边大哭" she said "l read the diary I was crying
我被彻底击垮了 I was broke down right there "
她这个时候也是哭着的 她还对我说 she's crying and really told me
我写完南京大屠杀后 'If I finish the Rape of Nanking
我要公布魏特琳的这些日记 I'm going to publish this diary
可是她没有这个机会了 But she didn't have any chance
(我将奉献一生) I'll dedicate my life
(让你的真相昭示) to get your stories told
(我会把声音带给失语的人) I'll give voice to the voiceless
(被迫沉默太久了) silenced for too long
(为了真理正义而呐喊) Crying out for justice
(被迫沉默太久了) silenced for too long
(如果你愿意把痛苦付托给我) Trust me with your pain
(我会把它当作是自己的来承受) I'll take it as my own
(我会为真相而战) I'll fight to get the truth told
(我的笔墨就是我的武器) my weapon is my word
她飞往香港 She flew into Hong Kong
搭火车去南京 she was gonna take a train up to Nanking
她计划以游客身份在那儿呆几天 she was going to get to sort of bea tourist for a few days
火车好像是蒸汽机车 It was like a steam locomotive
车厢里没有空调 there wasn't air conditioning in the cart
非常非常拥挤 it was very very crowded
她在火车上生病了 she got sick on that train ride
在中国的整个过程中 she was sick her whole time
她一直病着 she was in China after that
我是一九九五年的夏天去的南京 I went to China in the summer of 1995
开始了我的采访 and I interviewed about a dozen survivors
在中国 There are still several hundred people
还有很多人清晰的记得当时残暴的情形 in China who remember the atrocities vividly
这些人都是南京大屠杀的幸存者 who lived through them
这就是我想尽快写这本书的原因 This is why I wanted to write the book so quickly
我确实感到很紧迫 and get it done - I really felt an urgency here
我担心如果时间拖得太长 I was afraid that if I waited too long
很多声音都会因为年老 that all the voices from the Rape of Nanking
而永远消失 would be extinguished forever from old age
计程车 Taxi
一九九三年她已经去过中国 She has already been to China in '93
当时是为写她的书《蚕丝》做调研 to do research on Thread of the Silkworm
所以她在中国的适应不成问题 so she was comfortable getting around in China
谢谢 Thank you
史维会 The Global Alliance
帮她在中国联系了一些人 hooked her up with the right people in China
她和他们常通过电话 so she talked to them a lot over the phone
和电邮以及书信联络 by e-mail and regular mail in advance
纯如去中国之前 She got everything well
他们预先把事情都安排好了 well lined up before she went
她直接去找那些 She just went straight to the people
她要找的人 she wanted to talk to
她不想太过招摇 she didn't really try to make a big deal
让人觉得 about the fact that
她在挖掘情报 she was there digging up information
我想她全程 I think she was definitely under the radar
是受到紧盯的 the whole time she was there
我的一个朋友孙宅魏教授 My friend Professor Sun Zhai Wei
他打电话给我 called me saying that
说美国有一个作家 a writer in America wanted to come here
要来写一本南京大屠杀的书 to write a book about the Nanjing Massacre
我开始还有点小疑问 I had my doubts in the beginning
因为她太年轻了 because she was too young
后来工作一段时间后 But having worked together for a while
我觉得她相当行 相当成功 I found that she was very good very professional
刚来的时候她像一个女大学生 She looked like a university student when she first came
我问她 l asked her
我说 你怎么会想起来写这样一本书 "Why did you think to write such a book?"
她就告诉我 And she replied
她说 纳粹屠杀犹太人 "The Nazis massacring the Jews
这在全世界家喻户晓 was something the whole worldwas familiar with
但是在美国 在西方 But in America in the West
日本军队当年屠杀南京军民的历史事实 the history of Japanese soldiers massacring Nanjing civilians
却很少有人知道 this was something that very few people knew about
她说我作为一个中国人的后裔 She said "Being a Chinese descendent
我有责任写这样一部书 I have a responsibility to write this book "
当时听了她这个说法以后 When I heard this speech of hers
我非常感动 I was incredibly touched
我们三个人做了一个大体的分工 The three of us split up our work
由段老师 Teacher Duan was responsible
联系幸存者 for contacting the survivors
陪同张纯如女士去走访这些幸存者 and to accompany Miss Changto go and meet them
这个工作主要在白天进行 This job would be done in the daytime
杨教授担任张纯如的翻译 Professor Yang was Iris Chang's translator
在采访幸存者的过程中 During the interview with the survivors
由杨教授担任翻译 Professor Yang was the translator
那我呢 As for me
在图书馆 在档案馆 I would be in the library in the Archival Files Library
搜集文字资料 collecting together facts and figures
在一九九五年的时候 It was in 1995 that
我第一次接待张纯如 I first met Iris Chang
她到我家来采访的时候 when she came to my house to interview me
当时 my home was still
我家就住在当年大屠杀发生的房子里 in the same house where the massacre happened
她从大屠杀一开始的事情问起 问我 She asked about the massacre first
你的家里人是怎么死的 She asked how my family died
是怎么回事情 how I lost my relatives
我家九个人 There were 9 of us in the family
还有邻居家四个人 and four people from the neighbouring home
十三个人全部躲在桌子底下 A total of 13 people all hiding
当时来了有二、三十个日本兵 I told her that 20 to 30 Japanese soldiers
后来举起枪来 lifted up their guns
还有个白旗子 还有个"红疤疤" and there was a white flag with a red spot on it
这是老房子了 It's an old house
这是过去的老房子 a house of the past
这些都拆迁了 These were all demolished
拆迁了 all demolished
我家里一直都住在这个地方 This was my home
一进来就打枪 When they came in they shot
就把我父亲打死了 and killed my father
然后就是 我母亲抱着一个孩子 My mother was holding a child
他们就把我妈妈的这个孩子抢下来 They grabbed the child
活活砸死了 and smashed the baby to death
把我母亲的衣服扒掉 They ripped off my mother's clothing
日本人就冲到我们房间里去 Then the Japanese
冲进房间以后 rushed into our bedroom
我的公公婆婆坐在床边上 My grandma and grandpa were sitting onthe edge
保护我们姐妹四个女孩子 of the bed protecting us we were four girls
就睡在床上 lying on the bed
在床上盖着一床被子 There was a quilt covering us
我公公婆婆不让 My grandpa and grandma would not move away
他们就这边打死一个 and so one was killed on this side
这边打死一个 the other was killed on that side
当时我在喊叫的时候 Then I cried out loud
他连刺我三刀 And I was stabbed three times
这儿刺一刀 A stab here
这儿刺一刀 后面刺一刀 a stab here and one at the back
当时我就死过去了 Then I lost consciousness
十二月十二日傍晚 In the evening of December 12th
守卫城墙的中国军队 the Chinese army that was guarding the gate
接到了撤退的命令 received orders to retreat
他们就趁着夜色 And so under the night's disguise
向下关方面撤退 they retreated towards XiaGuan
日本军队并不知道中国守军已经退了 The Japanese army did not know Chinese troops had retreated
他们在离这儿一百多米的地方 So from about 100 meters from here
发起了第一波攻击 initiated their first attacks
十二月十三日凌晨三点 By December 13th 3 a m in the morning
日本军队占领了这座城 the Japanese army had seized the gate
蒋介石放弃了他的首府 Chiang Kai-shek had abandoned his capital
整个中国政府和空军部队 Government officials and the entire Chinese Air Force
都已经接到了撤退的命令 had been ordered to leave
剩下的中国抵抗者没有空军的支持 The remaining Chinese defenderswith no air support
跟外界的联系方式也不充足 and poor communications
被困在长江南岸的城内 were trapped on southern bank river inside the city walls
他们除了投降别无选择 They had no choice but to surrender
日本特别派了几支部队进入南京 The Japanese sent troops into the city
到处搜捕放下武器的中国军人 to search and arrest the unarmed Chinese soldiers
有些中国军人没有地方可以撤退 Some Chinese soldiers had nowhere to retreat to
脱掉了军装 换上了老百姓的便衣 stripped off their uniforms and put on civilian clothing
他们藏到了安全区内 They then hid in the safety zone
俘虏中国士兵 The city is strangely silent
飞机轰炸 Three dangers are past
机枪扫射 that of looting Chinese soldiers
三场浩劫过后 bombing from aeroplanes
这个城市出奇的安静 and shelling from big guns
但是最大的灾难仍摆在面前 But the fourth is still before us
我们的命运仍掌握在日本军队手里 our fate at the hands of a victorious army
人们无法预料接下来会发生什么 People did not know what to expect
很快他们就知道了 They found out soon enough
从日本军进驻南京的那一刻起 From the moment they entered the city
他们便无恶不作 Japanese troops engaged in a campaign of murder
屠杀 奸淫 掳掠 纵火 rape looting and arson that was so barbaric
一名英国记者把他们的残暴 A British reporter actually compared them
比作匈奴王阿提拉 to Attila and the Huns
在开始的几天当中 During the first few days
日本军屠杀了成千上万名 the Japanese army killed tens of thousands of
手无寸铁的中国俘虏 defenceless Chinese prisoners of war
很难相信这些事情 It's hard to believe it was all done out
就发生在光天化日之下 in the open
而日本军对此毫无羞耻感 in full view without shame
我认为他们试图杀死 I think they were actually trying to kill
所有适龄参军的男性 almost any man of military age in the city
不仅仅是士兵 it wasn't just soldiers
他们当中有员警 There were a lot of people who were
人力车夫还有一些苦力 rickshaw pullers police officers
虽然看起来像士兵 其实不是 coolies who looked like soldiers but they weren't
日本兵在南京肆意屠杀 They slaughtered males in the city indiscriminately
在开始的几天里他们屠杀了 They killed tens of thousands of men in the city
成千上万名的男性 during those first few days
甚至日本的记者 Even the Japanese reporters
都被他们士兵的暴行震惊了 were shocked by the brutal behaviour of their soldiers
十二月十三日我看到了一场屠杀 On December 13th I saw a mass killing of POWs
一群俘虏站在城墙边 The prisoners were lined up atop the wall
日本军人用刺刀 Then Japanese soldiers stabbed
刺向他们的胸部和腹部 them in the chest and abdomen
俘虏一个接着一个的倒下 One by one the prisoners fell downto the outside of the wall
血流成河 Blood splattered everywhere
这恐怖的一幕 The chilling atmosphere made one's hair stand on end
令人毛骨悚然 and limbs tremble with fear "
我们是一个研究小组 Literally we are a research teamconsisting of scholars
包括学者 律师 记者 lawyers journalists
以及像我这样的劳工 and labourers like myself
我们主要致力于研究南京大屠杀 and our activity focuses on the Nanjing massacre
我们从一九八八年开始 We started in 1988
我们走访了大约两百名老兵 and interviewed about 200 veterans
"站在堆积如山的尸体边" Words cannot describe the feeling
用刺刀捅着他们 of climbing up the mountain of
"那一刻的心情无法形容" dead bodies and stabbing them "
"他们中有老人和孩子" There were elderly and even children
"我们把他们都杀死了" We killed every one of them "
中岛今朝吾在一九三七年十二月十三日 This is an except from General Nakajima Kesago's diary
的日记中写到 dated December 13th 1937
"为了执行不保留任何一个俘虏的命令" To comply with the policy of not keeping prisoners
我们决定杀死所有俘虏 we decided to dispose of them all
但是我们没有办法找到足够大的坑 but it's very difficult to find ditches huge enough
来埋掉七千到八千具尸体 to dispose of 7 000 or 8 000 people "
第一次屠杀在 The first mass execution was conducted
扬子江边的中国海军基地进行 in the Chinese Navy facility on the Yangtze River
这就像为以后的屠杀做一个试验 This was like an experiment for the coming mass executions
他们总结说 这次处决是成功的 They concluded that the execution was successful
于是十七日进行了一次更大规模的屠杀 which resulted in an even bigger scale ofmass execution on the 17th
杀死一万多人 killing over 10 000 people
他们用重机枪对着尸体 They shot dead bodies with heavy machine guns
一遍又一遍地扫射 over and over again
然后再浇上汽油焚烧 Then they poured gasoline over them and set the fire
江东门 一万人被杀 Jiandong Gate 10 000 killed
燕子崖 五万人 Swallow cliff 50 000
草鞋峡 五万七千人 Straw Gorge 57 000
煤炭港 三千人 Coal Harbour 3 000
鱼雷营 九千人 Torpedo Barracks 9 000
中山码头一万人 Jang-shung Warf 10 000
她在黑暗中 想像着遇难者的感觉 She was in the dark imagine how the victim will feel
在脑海中把她每天听到的故事 and just try to internalise the stories
串起一个个画面 she heard each day
在夜里 她坐在屋里 During the night she was actually sitting in a room
被一堆她看不见的图片包围着 surrounded by the pictures she couldn't see
墙上一张张地图 the maps on the wall
她想像着自己就在现场 and try to imagine she was there
那么可以说 It could be said that at that time
当时的南京是一片黑暗 Nanjing was in a cloud of darkness
日本军人在南京为所欲为 Japanese soldiers did whatever they wished within Nanjing
随意地枪杀百姓 They killed citizens at will
任意地强奸妇女 raped women as they pleased
日本人来的时候 When the Japanese came
我才九岁 I was only nine years old
长得满漂亮的 I looked quite pretty then
他们一次就带走三、四个小孩子 They would take away 3 or 4 kids at one time
小姑娘 young girls
日本人把她们带到稻草房子里 The Japanese would take them into the hayshed
进去好久都不出来 and for a long time they would not come out
小姑娘们在里面哇哇叫 哭 喊 Then we'd hear little girls screaming and crying
我们也不知道发生了什么事 But we didn't understand what was happening
他们一下子就会强奸三、四个 They would rape 3 or 4 of them at a time
后来又来了日本兵 又进行了强奸 and then more Japanese cameand they would rape more
他们对待女人的方式 What they did to the women
比对待男人的方式更恶劣 was far worse than what they did to the men
他们强奸了大约二万到八万名中国妇女 They raped an estimated 20 000 to 80 000 Chinese women
这是 That was the single
至今为止世界历史上 greatest mass rape of world history
强奸人数最多的一次 up to that moment
上至八十岁的老妇 下至八岁的女童 They would rape great grandmothers over the ages of 80
他们都不放过 young children under the ages of eight
强奸被他们视为一种娱乐 They often turned rape into sport
当然日本兵不仅仅是强奸妇女 Of course soldier did more thanjust rape women
他们还用高尔夫球杆、刺刀、木棍 They violated them with rods bayonets twigs
甚至爆竹蹂躏她们 golf sticks even fire crackers
我们总是杀人 放火 强奸 轮奸 We always killed burned raped gang raped and looted
当官的摁住一个女人的胳膊和腿 Senior soldiers were holding the arms and legs of a woman
看她的阴道有多深 trying to see how deep her vagina was
其中有个人把一根棒插进那女人的阴道 One of them pushed a pole into her vagina
看能插多深 trying to see how deep it would go
那女人喊着 挣扎着 The woman cried and struggled
可还是被摁着 but soldiers were holding her down
没人会救她 She was helpless
等那棒子插到了底 After the pole reached to the end
那士兵就在那女人的阴道里 the soldier put cotton
塞了一团棉花 into her vagina
浇上汽油 把那女人烧死 poured in gasoline and set it on fire to burn her to death
这种行为在士兵当中很普遍 This was commonly done by soldiers
他们常用这种方式杀女人 this was a method employed by those who killed women?
一个幸存者告诉我 One survivor told me that
他亲眼目睹了一个日本士兵在街上 he saw a soldier pry open the legs of a little girl
扒开一个九岁或者十岁女孩的双腿 of about nine or ten in the street
当着行人的面强暴了这个女孩 and violated her in front of crowds of pedestrians
之后用军刀把她的头劈成了两半 before splitting her head in two with a sword
当我醒来后 After I woke up
我从祖父的尸体 I crawled over my grandparents' bodies
上爬过去 and slowly made it outside
当我看到我大姐的时候 When I saw my sister
她没有衣服了 she no longer had any clothes on
我大姐身上就没有衣服了 They were all torn off
就没有衣服了 no pantsno clothes
我二姐躺在床上也没有穿衣服 My second eldest sister laid on the bedwith no clothes on either
在房间外面我看到我妈妈也死了 Outside the room I saw my dead mother
也是没有穿衣服 with no clothes on
我另一个小妹妹也死在院子里 Another one of my little sisters was also dead in the courtyard
我们四个邻居也死了 Our four neighbours were all dead as well
最后 等我醒过来 Finally when I came to
日本军全都已经走了 all Japanese had left
大概有20个? There are about 20 of them?
是的 20个 Yes 20
然后 我发现我姐姐躺在桌子底下 And uh I found my older sisterlying on the table
她多大? How old was she?
大概15岁 Uh about 15 years old
衣服被扒光了 还流着血 without any clothes on and with blood beside her
被强奸了? Had she been raped?
是的还有另一个姐姐 Yes And another sister was
已经死在床上 uh lying dead on the bed
衣服也都没了 also without any clothes on
她多大? How old was she?
14岁 他们两个都死了 And uh 14 years old Both of them were dead
几个外国人赶忙就跑来 A few foreigners came to my house
到我家里来照相 to take pictures
照了好多好多的相片 They took many many pictures
照相的是美国人马吉 it was the American Magee who took pictures
在一九三七年的时候 我是那么痛苦 At that time in year 1937 I was in so much sorrow
那个时候起 我的眼泪就没有乾过 and from then on my tears would not dry
那个时候起 眼泪就没乾过 from then on my tears would not stop
我的两个姐姐被他们强奸 My two elder sisters were raped by them
被活活糟蹋死了 they were tortured to death
当时我非常痛苦 很痛苦 At that time I was in such grief so much sorrow
日本进入南京后 After the Japanese arm invaded Nanjing
大约对两万多中国妇女 They forced approximately 20 000 Chinese women
实施了性暴行 into acts of sexual violence
性病在日军中流行开以后 After sexual diseasse proliferatedwithin the Japanese army
日军当局决定在南京设立慰安所 the Japanese government decided toestablish "comfort centers"
其中的慰安妇 有被抓进去的 Of these some were seized by force
有被骗进去的 通过伪政权进去的 some were deceived and tricked
其中最小的只有十四、十五岁 The youngest were only 14 or 15 years old
据她们自己出来作证说 According to the testimonies of these women they had to
她们有时一天之内 in one day
要接待少则接待四、五个 service at least four to six
五、六个日本官兵 Japanese soldiers
漂亮一点的 The prettier ones
有时候一天要接待十到二十个日军官兵 would sometimes have to serve 10 to 20 Japanese soldiers
有个叫雷桂英的老人 I found an old woman named Lei Gui Ying
她被骗进日军慰安所 who was tricked into a Japanese army's comfort centre
有个日本婆子 There was a Japanese woman
我以为是去给她看孩子 thought I was going to look after her baby
日本嫖客找过来的时候 One time the Japanese came looking for comfort women
当时没有大姑娘 but there were no women around
而那个时候我有十五、十六岁了 I was about 15 or 16 years old then
她就硬拉我去代替 so the Japanese woman made me take their place
因为找不到人了 She couldn't find anyone so she grabbed me
他们把我一把拉到床上去 要跟我睡觉 They pinned me down on the bedforced me to sleep with them
我就是不肯 不肯又不行 I resisted but it was useless I was small
那时候小 斗不过他 I couldn't fight them off
就是在那日本人那里 我被糟蹋了 In that Japanese place I was ravaged
就这个情况 That was the situation
她很容易全情投入 She could get extremely involved
很善于形象化一件事情 she could visualize things very well
她想设身处地去考虑 It was so much about others
当事人的境遇 about wanting to put herself inother people's shoes
从知性与感性两个层面 and really understand situations and people
真正了解那些情况 那些人 intellectually and also on an emotional level
原来它只是书本上的一些死的资料 Before it was all just inanimate informationin a book
这一听幸存者介绍 它就活了 but the moment she heard the survivors retell itit came alive
这印象就非常深刻 印象就深了 And the impression it left on her was profound
她听了以后 her feelings became
心情很沉重 very heavy and sombre
那些幸存者的心里 Those survivors
我们去采访一次 他们就痛苦一次 every time we interviewed them they suffered again
我们这些听的人 心里也难受 and us listeners our hearts were saddened too
张纯如心里也非常难受 Iris Chang's heart was incredibly saddened
我看得出来 I could tell
她表情非常严肃 Her expression was very sombre
而且心情很沉重 she became very emotional
有时候我感觉在作时空旅行 I felt like a time traveller at times
因为比如 一个受害者面对面地跟我说 because here would be somebody who had fought off
她曾经反抗企图强暴她的三个士兵 three men who tried to rape herand I saw pictures of her
而她的照片我是见过的 slashed up with bayonet wounds
一个当时只有十九岁的女孩 somebody who at that time
满身都是伤口 was only 19 years old
六十年后的今天 And when I actually met this woman 60 years later
当我看到眼前这个精神矍铄的老人 when I actually met this feisty old woman
跟我说她当年的遭遇 who was telling me exactly
正是我几星期前在档案馆里 what I had read just a few weeks earlier
看到过的报导 in an archives
这对我触动很大 It was just terribly moving for me
我切身感觉到 because I suddenly felt that
大屠杀到今天还影响着人们 this is not something that just affected people60 years ago
不仅仅是在六十年前 the massacre affects people todaystill?
一九三七年 In 1937
日本军队入侵中国的时候 the Japanese Imperial Army invaded China
我只有九岁 I was nine years old
在我上面 有三个姐姐 I had 3 older sisters
在我下面 有三个弟弟 and 3 younger brothers
七弟弟只有周把岁 My youngest brother was only a year old
一家子住在木船上 Our whole family lived inside a wooden boat
避一避那种战乱时期 so we could hide from the turmoil of war
还没有到农村的时候 But before we could reach the countryside
船就漏得要沉了 the boat sank
我父亲把我们一家子带到芦苇荡里去 My father brought us to the marshes to hide
我父亲带着我的二姐 My father took my sisters to hide
三姐躲在一个地方 in one place
我母亲就领着我 while my mother took me
我的五弟 我的六弟 and my brothers to hide somewhere else
我的七弟躲在一个地方 My baby brother started to cry
七弟弟开始哭 Why did he cry
哭什么呢 是跟我母亲要奶吃 He needed to get milk from my morn