从东端的长城起 From the eastern end of the Great Wall,
中国的海岸跨度14,500公里 China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres
并且拥有五千多年的历史 and more than 5,000 years of history.
在这个方面显示了 This is the area which shows the greatest contrast
中国的过去和未来之间的差距 between China's past and its future.
如今中国的东海岸线 Today China's eastern seaboard
有七亿人口 is home to 700 million people,
居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市 packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.
然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富 Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.
现在 古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀 Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,
那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗 is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?
在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区 In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,
一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土 a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory
在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里 in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.
数百年来 For centuries,cranes have been revered in China
鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇 as symbols of longevity.
它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁 Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.
鹤因此而受到赞扬 The cranes have cause to celebrate.
幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望 This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.
丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一 Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.
在过去的一个世纪 Over the last century,
中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地 China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands
并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物 and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.
从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,
幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙 this chick and its parents will face a long migration south
来躲避北方的严冬 to escape the harsh northern winter.
它们将沿着海岸向前 Their route will take them along a coast
然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响 which has been greatly affected by human activity.
在它们的征途上 Along their journey, the cranes will be joined
将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军 by many thousands of other migrating birds.
它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾 All heading south across the Bohai Gulf
沿海岸的黄海和中国东海 and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,
最远甚至抵达中国南海 some even reaching as far as the South China Sea
寻找一个安全的冬季避难所 in search of a safe winter haven.
每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久 The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.
在中国东北海岸的锦屏山 Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,
存留着人类 there is surprising evidence
曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹 that people have lived here almost as long.
七千年前 Seven thousand years ago,
少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号 members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols
描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理 representing significant elements of their daily lives.
这种岩石雕刻显示出 The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,
中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址 the first known recordings of cultivation in China.
因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观 Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,
少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾 the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.
锦屏山位于山东半岛附近 Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,
是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所 an important wintering site for migrant birds,
即使在今天 仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进 and even today there are still communities along this coastline
并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系 who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.
烟墩礁 Yandun Jiao village,
位于半岛的东北岸 on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula,
以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世 is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.
在早春料峭的清晨 On a chilly morning in early spring,
屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气 Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light
带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲 armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.
当屈家人朝着港湾前进 As the Qus head down into the harbour,
一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,
亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅 known affectionately here as "winter angels",
在海湾醒来 are waking out in the bay.
屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中 The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes
寻找管状的孔 in the mud at low tide,
那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底 the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.
收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣 While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,
当地人以出海为主要营生 the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.
当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上 As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,
天鹅并肩掠过 the swans set a parallel course.
整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场 The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.
人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶 The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds
海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上 that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.
天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻 The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes
而非更有价值的产物 rather than the valuable crop of kelp,
所以它们无损经济作物的生长 so they do no harm to the commercial operation.
下午 当风在海上生起 In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,
工人和天鹅退回岸边 the workers and swans return to shore.
当追求与自然和谐的文化 While the culture of seeking balance with nature
历经远路回归中国的时候 goes back a long way in China,
在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系 it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.
当夜晚降临 As evening draws on,
屈家人准备了扇贝 the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,
馒头和海藻做为晚膳 steamed bread and seaweed.
孩子们谈话声 (KIDS CHATTERING)
剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅 Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.
这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣 It's fun for the kids and provides
并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给 an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.
天鹅已经利用这个庇护港 The swans have been using this sheltered bay
作为冬天的过冬地 at as a winter refuge for many generations.
只要敬重自然的传统还在 As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,
烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的 this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community
奇妙友谊就会持续下去 and their winter angels looks set to continue.
在渤海湾 天鹅村的最东北处 Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,
一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地 a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.
但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险 But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.
由于海平面上升 蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年 Pallas' pit vipers trapped here 6,000 years ago by rising sea levels
这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式 have evolved a sinister lifestyle.
每年有10个月 For 10 months of the year
岛上没有任何食物 there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,
因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力 so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.
鸟群鸣叫 (BIRDS CAWING)
当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖 As the sun warms their rocky home,
这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛 the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.
但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的 But they aren't here to sunbathe.
越来越多的毒蛇出现了 More and more vipers appear
事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地 until virtually every perch where a bird might land
等着鸟们上钩 has been booby-trapped.
“守猎”游戏开始了 Then the waiting game begins.
蛇隐藏得很好 The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,
但是蛇攻击鸟的时候 but so are the birds' reactions,
鸟的反应同样迅速 as this high-speed shot reveals.
鸟群只在岛上停留几周 The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.
但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了 But although the snakes have been starving for months,
但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径 their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient
只能是潜藏起来耐心等待 and sit tight.
即便最微小的失误 The slightest miscalculation
也会导致狩猎的失败 and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.
蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味 The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,
毒蛇用分叉的舌头 the viper using its forked tongue
分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物 to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.
最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物 The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.
蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向 It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey
使鸟嘴指向后边 so the beak is pointing backwards.
对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂 For the reptiles, this time of plenty is all too brief.
再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了 In a couple of weeks, the migration will be over
鸟群会继续前进 and the birds will have moved on.
这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐 This could be the snake's last meal for six months.
但是并不是岛上会经历 But it isn't just islands
盛宴和饥馑的循环 that experience cycles of feast and famine.
海也有季节变化 The sea, too, has its seasons,
沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化 a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.
在初望港 In Chuwang harbour,
盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明 the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.
但是对于船主老赵来说 But for boat owner Mr Zhao,
既有庆祝又有祈祷 it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.
老赵希望通过祭祀海神 Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,
来确保他们来年捕鱼 he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead
顺利安全 for him and his crew.
同时 鼓声 爆竹反映了古人的信念 Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief
古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气 that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.
台子中间的那个是海龙的象征 Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,
传说海龙控制着水和天气 mythical ruler of water and weather.
夜晚风平浪静 In the calm of the evening,
赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼 Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.
每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神 Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,
这个传统世代传递着 a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.
在中国拥挤的海岸线上 On China's crowded coasts,
渔民们必须非常机敏 fishermen need to be extremely resourceful.
收渔网是一项繁重的工作 Hauling in the nets is hard work,
目前为止还没有看到鱼 and so far there's not a fish in sight.
只有海蜇 Only jellyfish.
每年 无数的海蜇 Each year, millions of jellyfish
被渤海湾的水流带到南方 are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.
这种现象的生态学原因很复杂 The ecological story behind this event is complex,
但决不是中国特有的 but by no means unique to China.
海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物 Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders.
近些年来 人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥 In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming
增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度 have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,
提供了丰富的海蜇食物 providing extra jellyfish food.
由于过度捕鱼 海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了 While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.
这种现象已经 It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread
在全球蔓延 across the world's seas.
然而 别的地方认为是个问题 However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,
在中国却被当成机会 in China is perceived as an opportunity.
岸上 Back on shore,
四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里 mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses
在那里处理后销往全国 where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.
四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片 Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,
这道菜可以延年益寿 the recipe for a long and healthy life.
离开了渤海湾 Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,
迁徙的鹤群 migrating cranes,
篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类 spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,
它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地 all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.
鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海 The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea
一路朝向江苏省 down into Jiangsu Province,
那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape
有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地 with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.
大丰 At Dafeng,
一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园 a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.
中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物 The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,
有像马一样的头 with a horse's head,
牛一样的脚 cow's feet,
驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey
朝向后边的鹿角 and backwards-facing antlers.
在西方我们叫它四不像 自从第一个欧洲人 In the West, we know it as David's Deer,
描述过它的样子以后 after the first European to describe it.
在发情期 During the rut,
雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己 stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation
这些东西是用鹿角弄的 collected in their antlers.
激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权 Fierce battles decide mating rights.
雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿 The females still have last year's fawns in tow.
母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶 They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut
幼鹿聚在一起 and band together in large crhes,
只回到自己母亲那里喂食 only returning to their mothers to feed.
这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿 This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.
现在 中国仅存2500头麋鹿了 Today, there are just 2,500 Milu in China,
很明显如果再多也很有限 but it is remarkable that there are any at all.
在20世纪初期 野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝 In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,
幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲 but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.
那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来 Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.
20世纪80年代 40头鹿被送回了故乡 And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland
它们在那里继续繁衍生息 where they continue to thrive.
迁徙的鹤群至今已经 The migrating cranes have so far travelled
顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了 over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.
经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区 Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng,
它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地 they are approaching another salt marsh
那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件 which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.
盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地 This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,
每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里 visited by an estimated three million birds each year.
刚出生七个月的幼鹤 Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago
完成了第一次来回旅行 have now completed the first leg of a round trip
它们将会每年重复这样 which they will repeat every year.
坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度 The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures
温度可能降到零度以下 which may drop below freezing.
但是其他迁徙的鸟类 比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭 However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,
就没有那么耐寒 are less cold-tolerant
它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候 and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.
在这里 许多迁徙的鸟群 At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks
勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半 are barely halfway along their southward journey.
在它们前面还有新的挑战 Ahead of them lies a new challenge,
中国最伟大的河——长江 China's greatest river, the Yangtze,
是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地 and the venue for a very different kind of migration.
每年 上百万吨的货物往来江面 Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,
使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一 making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.
这些是中华绒蝥蟹 These are Chinese mitten crabs,
因它们长毛爪子得名 named for their strange hairy claws.
它们可以迁移长达1500公里 They may migrate as much as 1,500 kilometres
从支流和湖泊一直到河口 from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth,
他们在那里繁殖后代 where they gather to breed.
中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,
中华鲟能长到4米长 半吨重 which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.
近些年来 它们的数量骤减 In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically
这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了 as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.
但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇 But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,
整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏 the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.
虽然有显耀的清理计划项目 In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,
估计长江是最大的 today the river is reckoned to be the biggest
污染太平洋的单向水源 single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.
坐落于长江入海口的 Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,
崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟 Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot
提供了重要的休养生息的地方 for migrating shorebirds,
人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变 and a place which offers welcome evidence
这个地方也是个很好的证明 of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.
几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者 For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,
就像金先生一样 like Mr Jin,
他们不断地改善捕猎技巧 who have honed their trapping skills to perfection
捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用 to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.
40年里金先生一直用一张网 For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,
简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛 simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle
来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里 to lure passing birds towards his nets.
(笛声) (WHISTLING)
这需要耐心和高超的技巧 It takes both patience and consummate skill.
但是事情并不总是这样 But all is not as it seems.
像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样 Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists,
金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者 is poacher turned gamekeeper,
使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物 using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.
在东潭鸟类保护基地里 The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve
人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量 带环 称重 will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds
然后把它们释放 before releasing them unharmed.
由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息 The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues
帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类 helps to protect over 200 different species of birds
这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿 which visit the island each year.
在崇明岛正南端 Just south of Chongming Island
是中国最大的海边城市——上海 lies China's largest coastal city,Shanghai.
上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上 Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,
现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作 Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.
满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头 Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,
来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要 feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.
去年 全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市 Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,
这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的 all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people
人口迁移做准备 in the history of the world.
在未来25年里 预计有超过3亿中国人 In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people
将从中国农村迁移到城市 例如上海 are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.
从农村到城市的人类迁移 The migration of people from country to city
在全世界各地都可以看到 is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010
到2010年 超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者 over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.
当夜晚来临时 上海就会揭示它的本色 As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.
这是中国最快增长的金融中心 China's fastest-growing financial centre
是这个巨大繁荣的中心 is in the midst of a massive boom.
其人口估计超过2千万 With an estimated population of more than 20 million,
上海无疑是中国最大 Shanghai is officially China's largest
也是最耀眼的城市 and certainly its most dazzling city.
但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价 But there is an environmental cost.
上海居民使用的电力是 Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head
郊区居民的2.5倍 than their rural cousins.
这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求 The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands
得需要17个电厂来提供满足 currently require the output of 17 power stations.
上海往南 城市灯光逐渐暗淡 South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade
好象我们进入了一个古老的世界 as we enter an ancient world.
这是福建省 This is Fujian Province,
一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain
由于花岗岩大山的护卫 guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve
使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存 some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.
远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山 Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains
是中国人熟识的“海上仙都” are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".
潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚 Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops
并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合 and combine with well-drained acid soils
便形成了完美的种植环境 to produce the perfect growing conditions
适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃 for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.
也合适生长山茶 It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,
包括最著名的茶树种植 the tea plant.
沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境 Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast
使得中国茶叶独享其尊 make this the treasure chest for China's tea,
其茶产业远可源自4000多年前 the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.
这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化 One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area
当数这里的客家人沿袭的 is that of the Kejia people.
每天清晨 山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间 Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,
这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.
看起来好象很奇怪让这些 This might seem surprising given goats' reputation
山羊去吃这些绿色的植物 for eating anything green,
不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防 but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.
茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分 Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals
以驱走啃食的动物 designed to repel browsing animals.
这对山羊很有效 It works on the goats,
它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草 who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,
它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分 fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.
惊讶的是我们人类 The surprise is that we humans
却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒 should find the same bitter chemical cocktail
以便让人类根本不敢染指 utterly irresistible.
对客家人而言 种植茶树是家族事业 Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.
女人们采摘 男人门加工 打包 Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.
张女士是一名客家家族的成员 Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family
她们家族在这片同样的茶园 that has lived and worked for generations
生活劳作了数个世代 among these same tea terraces.
最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘 The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine
这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味 as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.
这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一 This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes
和最传统文化之一得以保存下来 and one of its most traditional cultures.
在早上采摘之后 At the end of the morning's picking,
张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工 Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.
这个城堡式样的建筑在过去 This fort-like design has survived from a time
客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力 when the Kejia needed to protect themselves
斗争中幸存下来 against hostile local tribes.
每个房子有3到4层 Each house has three or four levels
以适合50到250人居住 designed to accommodate 50 to 250 people.
最底层是厨房和家畜使用 The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock
同时有一条通道通向水井取水 with access to a well for water.
第一层房间用作储藏 The first floor rooms are used for storage
第二层作为寝居 and the upper floors are bedrooms.
这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了 Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old
经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来 and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.
当收集一定数量茶叶时 下一步加工开始了 Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.
把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶 Turning green leaves into saleable tea
最少包含8个步骤 involves at least eight different stages,
包括干燥 捻细 筛 挤压和扭拧 including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,
这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤 before the finished product is finally ready for packing.
张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶 The Zhang's village produces "little black dragon",
即——乌龙茶 or oolong tea,
其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时 so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl
那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态 when water is poured over them.
茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位 Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,
既是一个收入来源 也是一种迎宾之道 not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors
它将人们联系在一起 and bring people together.
在中国人传统生活中 In traditional Chinese life,
即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式 even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.
在过去 In the past,
客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物 the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea
穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口 across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.
他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行 Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,
一切归于这座名桥的建造 this remarkable bridge was built.
它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成 Made from massive 10-ton slabs of granite,
是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一 it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.
洛阳桥历经地震狂潮 风采依旧 Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.
被称为“万安渡”的 Known as "10,000 ships launching",
46座桥墩 the bridge's 46 piers
在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年 have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.
据当地传说 According to folklore,
桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程 its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.
在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后 Oysters were seeded on the piers
利用他们的凝固物可以 and ever since, their concretions have helped cement
将花岗岩胶合凝结起来 the granite blocks together.
如今 惠安的女人们仍用传统的 Today, oysters are still cultivated here
方法在这里养殖牡蛎 in the traditional way by Hui'an women.
屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石 Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge
可以使牡蛎附着生长 to encourage the oysters to grow.
如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来 Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals
运送货物穿过河口到港口去 carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.
两千多年来 For more than 2,000 years,
中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于 coastal trade in China has depended
一种具有开创性卓越性能船 on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship,
我们称之为舢板 known to us as the junk.
这艘船所用的的大众化设计 This working vessel follows a general design
在福建已经使用了600多年 that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.
船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型 Its bows take the form of a beak, with two large painted eyes
古代的航员们相信 evoking the traditional seafarers' belief
鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来 that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,
就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样 like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.
茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存 Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,
分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失 each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.
这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施 This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,
不仅改进了中国的船只 spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,
还改进了西方的船只 but Western ones, too.
舢板上独特的索具 The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails
使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵 allows easy handling in bad weather,
这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要 essential along this storm-battered coast.
台风一词源于“大风”的谐音 Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,
每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",
朝西北方向席卷中国而来 head northwest towards China.
全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加 Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,
使得海的温度升高 aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,
台风也因此变得更加频繁 such as carbon dioxide.
但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变 But satellite pictures have revealed a surprising twist.
台风好像可以将深处富含营养的海水 It seems that typhoons can pull deep, nutrient-rich seawater
带到表面 使得浮游生物繁荣繁衍 up to the surface causing plankton blooms,
而他们又可以吸收大量的二氧化碳 which in turn soak up large quantities of carbon dioxide.
当台风袭来时 When a typhoon strikes,
香港因其遮蔽的停泊所 one of the best places to be is Hong Kong harbour
而成为最佳泊地之一 with its sheltered anchorage.
作为一个国际贸易中心 A centre of international trade,
她以参差错落的摩天大楼 the city is famous for its jumble of skyscrapers
和熙攘拥挤的商业中心闻名 and its bustling commercial centre.
但香港还有鲜为人知的一面 But there's a side to Hong Kong that's less well known.
在这个盲目扩张的城市之中 Behind the urban sprawl
坐落着一片湿地 lies a swathe of wetlands
其中就包括米埔野生动物保护区 which include the Mai Po Nature Reserve.
保护区主要用于保护候鸟 Managed principally for the benefit of migrating birds,
此外还保存着许多传统的虾塘 the reserve maintains a series of traditional prawn farms,
也就是基围 known as gei wais,
还有毗邻的红树林和泥滩 and their adjoining mangroves and mudflats.
从11月到3月份 每两周 Every two weeks from November to March,
就会打开一个基围塘的水闸排水 one of the gei wais is drained by opening up the sluice gates.
随着水位下降 鸟儿们开始聚集 As the water level falls,birds begin to gather.
苍鹭 白鹭和鸬鹚 Herons, egrets and cormorants
和另一种稀有的动物混在一起 mingle with a far rarer visitor,
这就是黑脸琵鹭 the black-faced spoonbill.
这些濒危的候鸟们 These endangered migrants
从中国北部和朝鲜半岛 have travelled the length of the Chinese coastline
沿着中国的海岸线一路飞来 from Northern China and Korea.
米埔标志着这长达2000多公里旅途的结束 Mai Po marks the end of a 2,000 kilometre journey
鸟儿在飞行中甚至可能消耗掉体重的三分之一 during which the birds may have lost up to a third of their body weight.
400多只黑脸琵鹭 Four hundred black-faced spoonbills,
占了世界数量的四分之一 a quarter of the world's population,
会在这里过冬 pass the winter here.
在浅水中 At low water,
被困的鱼虾易于捕食 trapped shrimps and fish become easy prey,
成为了这些濒危鸟儿们的救命粮草 a life saver for these endangered birds.
米埔沼泽是珠江口的一部分 The Mai Po marshes are part of the Pearl River estuary,
螃蟹 虫子和泥鳅在这个泥质海滩上俯拾即是 whose muddy shores abound with crabs,worms and mud-skippers.
退潮时暴露出泥中生命的 Exposed at low tide,
就像自助餐一样 this smorgasbord of mud-life attracts both waders
不仅吸引了涉禽 还吸引了基围的鸟儿 and the gei wai birds.
在后海湾内湾的泥滩上 Here on the mudflats of Inner Deep Bay,
每种鸟类都拥有自己的领地 each kind of bird has its own specific feeding zone
这决定于水的深度 defined by the depth of the water,
它们的喙长和捕食的技巧 the length of its beak and its feeding technique.
一旦吃饱喝足 Once refuelled,
它们就沉浸于整齐划一的空中表演 they revel in synchronised aerial displays.
比起中国海岸线上的其他地方 More than any other place on China's coastline,
后海湾内湾更能证明在帮助之下 Inner Deep Bay demonstrates that, with help,
可自我调节的自然仍旧可以生存 resilient nature can still thrive,
即使被包围在像深圳这样的 even when boxed in
高楼环立的城市的阴影之中 and overshadowed by towering cities like Shenzhen.
人类保护自然的另一个 Another successful example of man's intervention
成功范例 on behalf of nature
就是大屿山 can be glimpsed in the waters around Lantau Island.
在白鹭饱餐之时 While egrets make the most of an easy meal,
其他的生物则盯上了渔民的成果 other creatures have their eye on the fishermen's catch.
中华白海豚堪称河口生活的专家 Chinese white dolphins are estuary specialists.
广泛分布于印度洋和太平洋的中华白海豚 Found widely in the Indian and Pacific Ocean,
在中国非常少见 this species is rare in China.
幼豚出生时呈深灰色 长大后出现斑纹 The young are born dark grey and become spotted as adolescents,
最终成年后转为乳白色 finally turning creamy white as adults,
有时候他们也可能呈现出浅粉红色 though on some occasions they may blush a delicate shade of pink.
有三群海豚生活在大屿山周围 Three groups of dolphins live close to Lantau Island.
涨潮时 他们随着潮水利用回声 As the tide comes in, they move with it to feed on small fish or squid
在浑浊的水中定位随水而来的 which travel with the currents,
猎物——小鱼和乌贼 using echolocation to see their prey through the murky water.
他们还通过声音进行交流 They also use sound to communicate.
但如今却面临着震耳欲聋的噪音所带来的问题 But they face a deafening problem.
珠江口已成为中国最繁忙的海运通道之一 The Pearl Estuary has become one of the busiest shipping channels in China,
海豚也经常受到噪音的狂轰滥炸 and the dolphins are constantly bombarded with sound.
新的研究指出他们的叫声中可能 New research suggests that they may now pack more information
包含了更多的信息并变得更短促 into shorter calls in a bid to be heard.
当地的环保主义者如今在珠江口附近建立起一个保护区 Local conservationists have now set up a protected zone near Lantau Island.
中华白海豚从此得以生存 So, for now, China's white dolphins are holding on.
在香港的南部就是中国南海 South of Hong Kong lies the South China Sea,
散布者200多个岛屿和礁石 studded with more than 200 islands and reefs.
潜在的鱼 油 气等自然资源 Potential reserves of fish, oil and gas
皆蕴含着重大的战略意义 make each one strategic,
而这整个地区也因为相邻国家间蓄势待发的 and the whole region has become a political hot spot
领土争端而成为了政治热点地区 as territorial disputes simmer between its many neighbouring countries.
水质本身并不富含养分 The waters themselves are low in nutrients
此地甚至匮乏生机 and would be poor in life
一切都拜当地充足日照所赐 if it wasn't for the other resource that's here in abundance.
——阳光 Sunlight.
在珊瑚礁岛屿的浅海区域 In the shallows of the coral atolls,
水母将他的触须直指太阳 small jellyfish point their tentacles towards the sun.
正如此地的其他动物一样 Like many animals here,
他们靠着能将太阳能转换 they depend on a close partnership with microscopic algae,
为食物的海藻存活 which turn solar power into food.
最著名的莫过于为海底 The most famous of these relationships is the reef-forming corals,
提供炫目生态环境的珊瑚礁 which provide the foundation of the sea's most dazzling ecosystem.
他们的枝条为成群弱小敏感 Their branches provide shelter
身披神奇自然保护色的 for a wealth of small and vulnerable creatures,
小生物提供了天然庇护所 many of them beautifully camouflaged.
然而最终极的伪装者非章鱼莫属 But the ultimate master of disguise has to be the octopus,
他们不仅能改变外形与颜色 able to change not only its shape and colour,
甚至能变化皮肤纹理 but its skin texture, too.
在暗礁与深水的交接处 Where the reefs meet deeper waters,
上涌的水流携带大量营养元素至表层水 upwelling currents carry nutrients to the surface.
珊瑚鱼游出巢穴狼吞虎咽 Reef fish swim out to gorge themselves on the resulting food,
当有掠食鱼类出现便返回巢穴 in turn attracting larger predatory fish to the reefs.
他们以密集的队列巡游海底 Trevally prowl in dense packs.
巨鳐挥扫着优美的鳍翅 Giant rays sweep in on graceful wings
吸食周围残余的浮游生物 to hoover up the remaining plankton,
这些浮游生物同时也吸引了鱼中霸王 which also attracts the king of fish.
长达12米 Growing up to 12 metres long,
鲸鲨却是个温和的大块头 the whale shark is a gentle giant.
这些日子 已难得一见 And these days, a rare sighting.
无论大小鲨鱼皆被捕杀掉 As sharks, small and large,
以供给东亚鲨鱼肉食贸易 are plundered to supply the East Asian shark meat trade,
这一惊人生物命悬一线 the fate of these fabulous creatures hangs in the balance.
虽然偏远岛屿依旧存留有健康的珊瑚礁 While healthy coral reefs still survive in the remote islands,
然而近海的中国海岸情况却截然不同 the situation close to the Chinese coast is quite different.
中国最大的热带岛屿——海南岛沿岸的水域 The waters along the shores of Hainan, China's largest tropical island,
已经历了数千年的捕渔 have been fished for thousands of years.
当珊瑚海越来越贫产 As the reefs become less and less productive,
来自潭门湾的渔夫 fishermen from Tanmen harbour
不得不绞尽脑汁维持生计 need all their resourcefulness to make a living.
孤注一掷与死作伴 他们通过蛇管呼吸 Dicing with death, they breathe air pumped through hose pipes
潜入深海寻觅残存的海底生物 in a desperate bid to catch the last remaining sea life.
近年渐增的沉积物以及炸药和氰化物的使用 Over the years, increased sedimentation and the use of dynamite and cyanide
使得近海的珊瑚难以存活 means the corals close to shore are barely hanging on.
近年来政府意识到若想当地捕鱼业得以存活 Recently the government has recognised that regulation is needed
则整顿势在必行 if the local fishery is to survive for the future.
每年禁渔两月 Fishing is now banned for two months of the year
以给予海洋生物休养生息的机会 to allow marine life a chance to breed.
对幼鱼而言最重要的热带栖息地之一 One of the most important tropical habitats
红树林沼地 for young fish is mangrove swamps.
在过去四十年间 In the last 40 years,
中国百分之八十的红树林被破坏殆尽 eighty percent of China's mangroves have been destroyed.
然而地处海南的 But at the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Reserve in Hainan,
东寨港红树林自然保护区 a remarkable conservation initiative
正将年轻的中国志愿者聚集到一起 is bringing young Chinese volunteers together
在粘稠的泥浆中种植红树苗 to plant mangrove saplings in the glutinous mud.
对这些城市孩子而言 For many of these city-born students,
如此枯燥的工作证明了他们 such unglamorous work demonstrates their commitment
对祖国环境事业所肩负的责任 to their country's environment.
正如其他人口众多的国家一样 Like other heavily populated countries,
中国面对着一个重大挑战 China today is faced with a challenge.
如何在不断缩减拥挤的环境下保护自然 How best to protect nature in an increasingly crowded space?
这些野生猕猴居住在海南岛的小片保护区内 These wild macaques live on a tiny Hainan Island reserve
在这里他们被细心看管和精心照料着 where they are carefully managed and looked after.
岛屿的山腹多覆盖着林地 Most of the island's hillsides are covered with tropical woodland,
但依旧存有鲜花盛开的草场 but there are also areas of flower meadows
猴子在这里被聚集放养 where the monkeys gather to feed.
每个清晨 当热带的太阳为整个岛屿加温 Each morning,as the tropical sun heats their island,
猕猴们便下山寻觅阴凉之地 the macaques head downhill in search of somewhere cooler.
有什么能比在水池中扎个猛子更舒畅呢 And what could be more refreshing than a dip in the pool?
对中国人而言 To the Chinese,combining a wildlife reserve
自然保护与旅游业结合是个完美的商业联姻 with a tourist development makes perfect commercial sense,
猴子们似乎对此未有任何不满 and the monkeys don't seem at all unhappy with the deal.
问题是在何处划定最后的界限 The question is where to draw the line.
正如世界上的其他地方一样 Like the rest of the world,
中国依旧向往着人与自然的和谐共处 China is still feeling its way towards a harmonious relationship with nature.
六百年前 Six hundred years ago
当地居民在此岩石上刻下墨宝 the people who lived here carved this calligraphy in the rocks,
将其命名为“天涯海角” announcing it to be "the end of the world".
近年来世界经历了一系列的扩张 In recent years that world has undergone a massive expansion
全国各地的旅客均发现了 as tourists from all over China
海南热带海滨胜地的迷人魅力 have discovered the delights of Hainan's tropical seaside resorts.
截至至2010年 中国旅游年总收益 By 2010, China's total tourism revenue
预期达1万2260亿元人民币之多 （中国国家旅游局预计到2010年，中国旅游业 总收入将达1万2260亿元人民币。年均增长10％ 左右，相当于全国国内生产总值（GDP）的7％， 其中国内旅游收入将达8810亿元，年均增长11％左右。） [折算相当于902亿英镑即90 billion pounds] is expected to hit 75 billion pounds a year.
一味发展虽将导致中国自然环境的毁灭 While insensitive development could destroy China's natural environment,
而有计划的生态旅游将为野生动物带来无限裨益 well-managed eco-tourism could provide huge benefits for China's wildlife.
中国高速发展的后果造成对资源 The issues that face China today,increasing pressure on resources
生存空间以及环境质量的巨大压力 and living space and quality of environment,
然而这些问题也同样考验着我们 are those that face us all.
如果说世界上有哪个国家 If there is any country in the world
有能力解决如此大范围的环境问题 equipped to solve environmental problems on a vast scale,
那么这个国家必非中国莫属 it has to be China,
她拥有巨大的人力资源和强有力的政府调控 with its tremendous human resources and powerful political control.
她选择的道路不仅仅影响中国国民 The path it chooses will affect not just its own people
和中国当地的自然环境 and its natural environment,
也将深刻影响整个世界 but the rest of the world, too.