================================================== 纪录片之家倾情奉献 本字幕仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途 英文字幕来源 Red Bee Media Ltd 翻译：真不准 clyde@163.com 校对：骆驼样子 感谢cat和邓不疑的无私帮助 http://www.jlpzj.net =================================================
探索世界的本能 The instinct to explore is one of the qualities that defines us
是人类独具的特质 as human beings.
它激励我们穿越广阔无垠的海洋 It's propelled us across vast oceans
踏遍每块大陆的每个角落 and to every corner of every continent.
在距海岸非常遥远的地方 两个小小的航天器 But far, far away from these shores, two tiny spacecraft
将探索精神发挥到了极致 are lifting this spirit of exploration to extraordinary levels.
它们连续35年 For three and a half decades,
探测太阳系空间外缘地区 they've been investigating the outer reaches of our solar system.
这就是旅行者号 They are the Voyagers.
它们生逢其时 Voyager was the right spacecraft at the right time,
当宇宙中有极多未知之物 有待发现之时 when a huge amount of stuff was waiting to be discovered
旅行者号恰能满足这一需求 and Voyager was capable of discovering it.
旅行者号是过去50年里 最具创意的太空任务 Voyager was the seminal mission of the past 50 years.
是太空探索黄金时代的象征 It represents the golden age of space exploration.
人类竭尽全力，用最卓越的成就 The Voyager journey has been driven
推动着旅行者号的旅程 by remarkable human endeavour and achievement.
它们是通向超乎想象世界的窗口 They've been a window into worlds almost beyond imagination.
太阳系的许多奥秘已由它们揭开 And they've have helped unlock the secrets of our solar system.
旅行者号最著名之处在于 For many of us, they're probably best known for carrying
它携带了一种瓶中信 a kind of message in a bottle.
一张存放地球上人类信息的唱片 A record of humanity here on Earth,
用于向可能发现它们的外星文明 提供信息 meant for any extra terrestrial civilisation that may find them.
每艘探测器携带一张金盘 Each spacecraft carries a golden disc.
它携带着人类的剪影 是派向星空的信使 It holds a snapshot of humanity, a dispatch to the stars.
来自地球之子的问候 'Hello from the children of planet Earth.'
旅行者号即将穿越最终边界 And now the Voyager mission is about to cross the final frontier.
这是人类制造的首批 They are the first objects built by humans
能冲出太阳系 进入银河系的航天器 ever to pass beyond the solar system and into the galaxy beyond.
本片将讲述有史以来 This is the tale of the two most intrepid explorers
地球上最彪悍的 两个探测器的传奇故事 in our planet's history.
旅行者号的故事 This is the Voyager story.
旅行者号探测器 冲出太阳系
好，让我们开始吧 Right, here we go. 1977,
1977年，正是音乐的黄金年代 a good year for music.
那么，从哪里开始呢？ The question is, what do you start with?
你是喜欢追星 还是愿意听你喜欢的唱片？ Do you go with a crowd pleaser or do you go with your favourite track?
音乐：弗利特伍德.马克 永不归来 MUSIC: "Never Going Back Again" by Fleetwood Mac 注：弗利特伍德.马克乐团是美国加州 最具代表性的摇滚乐团之一 以明亮、轻快的加州摇滚风著名
太棒了 Brilliant.
歌词：她屈服了，让我进来... # She broke down and let me in... #
1977年，弗利特伍德·马克刚刚 发行了《谣言》专辑 It's 1977, and Fleetwood Mac have just released Rumours.
世界好象变得和以前不一样了 The world feels like a different place.
在美国 ..of the United States...
吉米·卡特成了美国新总统 Jimmy Carter is the new American president.
猫王刚死 And Elvis has just died.
死因是心律失常 The cause of death is cardiac arrhythmia.
当时的技术水平和今天比 差了十万八千里 And technologically, it's a million miles from today.
苹果电脑公司刚成立 A new company called Apple Computers has just been founded.
某天，我在月亮上散步 # I was strolling on the moon one day. # 注：原歌名The Fountain in the Park 作者Ed Haley。阿波罗17登月时， NASA宇航员哈里森.施密特带头唱 这句词，其它人跟着唱
最后一次阿波罗登月计划刚刚结束 And it's not long since the final Apollo mission landed on the moon.
我生命中最值得骄傲的时刻 'One of the most proud moments of my life.'
对新技术发展的强烈自信 还带来了副产品 And this new technological confidence has fuelled
大家对科幻片重燃热情 something else - a renewed interest in science fiction.
公众狂热追捧电影《星球大战》 The public has gone crazy for films like Star Wars
《第三类接触》等 and Close Encounters Of The Third Kind.
技术上的突破以及够刺激的科幻片 And this combination of breakthrough technology and exciting
使一份让人啧啧称奇的计划出了炉 science fiction has helped to inspire a surprising project.
1977年，NASA启动了太空飞行史上 Because in August 1977, NASA began one of the greatest adventures
最伟大的冒险 in the history of spaceflight.
三、二、一、零 "Three, two, one, zero."
两艘无人驾驶太空探测器 升入太空执行任务 Here were two unmanned space probes,
这和阿瑟·C·克拉克的太空科幻 小说描述的情景几乎如出一辙 attempting something straight out of an Arthur C Clarke story.
它们的任务是- 探索太阳系远端空间 Their mission - to explore the outer planets of the solar system...
木星、土星、天王星、海王星 ..Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
它们首先到达的是木星 需要花两年 Their first encounter with Jupiter would be two years
得飞行五亿英里 and half a billion miles away.
它们的传奇旅程正在展开 The two spacecraft were now heading on their epic journey.
旅行者号的故事开始于约此前20年 But the story of the Voyager mission began almost 20 years earlier.
为了追根溯源 我赶到了加利福尼亚 To uncover its origins, I've come to California,
开始了解所有这一切如何开始 to find out how it all started.
以现在的眼光看 旅行号大获成功理所应当 Today, it's really easy to take the successes of these remarkable
不过在旅行者号计划 开始之前的那些年里 missions for granted. But in the years preceding Voyager,
大家认为要到达外行星 都是不可能的 simply getting to the outer planets was thought to be impossible.
第一个发射入轨的航天器 是斯普特尼克一号 (苏联于1957年发射) The first object launched into orbit was Sputnik 1.
从那时起，太空科学家们就越发 喜欢让航天器飞得更远 And from then on, space scientists became obsessed with journeying
探索太阳系的边远地区 ever further from Earth, exploring the far reaches of our solar system.
然而，还没有航天器能飞到比 火星更远的地方 Yet no spacecraft could get much further than Mars...
飞到火星本身就很是艰难 and even that was a struggle.
原因很简单，我们的火箭推力较小 The simple fact was we just didn't have a rocket
不足以使航天器摆脱太阳引力 that was powerful enough to actually to be able
逃离太阳系 to escape the gravitational pull
从而进入外太阳系范围 of the sun and be able to get to the outer solar system.
即使有了大推力火箭 要飞越极远的距离到达海王星 And even if we did, the vast distances involved would mean
仍需要花半辈子时间 也就是30或40年 that a trip to Neptune would take half a lifetime - 30 or 40 years.
外行星简直是可望而不可及 The outer planets were simply out of reach.
时光回到1961年的加里福尼亚 But back in 1961, here in California,
有人认为，他可能知道到达这些 行星的方法 one man thought he might know how to bring these planets into reach.
他是个出色的数学研究生 名叫迈克尔·米诺维奇 He was a brilliant maths graduate, and his name was Michael Minovitch.
大约在我四、五年级的时候 My father taught me how to do arithmetic
我爸爸就教我如何做算术题 when I was like in 4th or 5th grade.
然后我就了解了这一语言 -科学的秘密 And then I learned the language - the secret of science.
科学的秘密就是数学 And the secret of science is mathematics.
在他年仅25岁的时，他还是 加州大学洛杉矶分校的一名博士生 At the age of only 25, while he was still studying
米诺维奇给了自己一个挑战 for his PhD at UCLA, Minovitch set himself the challenge
他要搞定太空探索中最难的难题 of solving the most difficult problem in space exploration.
数个世纪以来，这个老难题 把世界上的 It was a puzzle that had stumped the world's greatest
数学巨擎们都难住了 mathematicians for centuries.
它叫三天体问题 It's called the "three-body problem" -
物体一，物体二，物体三 body one, body two and body three.
它包含一个巨复杂的任务 And it involves the fiendishly complicated task of trying
即要为一个小型目标 例如一个航天器 to plot the trajectory of a small object,
规划它在太阳系中穿行的飞行轨道 i.e. a spacecraft, as it moves throughout the solar system,
它在飞行时会受 whilst at the same time being deflected by the gravitational pull
两个大得多的物体的引力影响 of two much more massive objects,
例如太阳和某个行星 从而发生偏航 i.e. the sun and a planet.
要解决三天体问题 A solution to the three-body problem,
就得精确预测航天器在飞过 某行星之时 the ability to predict exactly how a spacecraft passing a planet
路径会受何种影响，不过当时的 科学水平，还解决不了此问题 would have its path affected, was still beyond science...
然后，年轻的米诺维奇出现了 until, that is, the young Minovitch came along.
我在1961年所做的事情 It would have been regarded as impossibility
之前大家都认为是不可能做到的 prior to what I did in 1961.
我能在一所有7090型计算机 的大学工作 I was gifted being at a university that had
实在很幸福，这很关键 the 7090 computer, so that was the key.
加州大学洛杉矶分校里的 IBM计算机顶尖设备 UCLA's state-of-the-art IBM computer
是当时世界最快的计算机 was the fastest on Earth at the time,
米诺维奇很好地利用了 and Minovitch put it to good use.
这台设备来求解此问题 He began calculating thousands of alternative directions
他尝试对上千个可能的方向 以及速度数据进行运算 and speeds, in an attempt to home-in on the solution.
这无论对学校来说 还是对这个年轻学生而言 It was a long shot - not only for the young student
都需要付出长久的努力 but also the university.
一台7090机开机一小时 就要花1000美元 Working on a 7090 was costing 1,000 dollars an hour,
为了一种不可思议的信任 他们砸下大把的钞票 so they were dumping bushels of money into a fantastic belief
他们相信什么？ and what was the belief?
就是相信一个博士还没毕业的家伙 Belief that a person that hadn't got his PhD
能解决历史上所有数学大牛人 solved the problem that all the most advanced mathematicians in history
解决不了的问题 我有时候在想 couldn't solve. That meant pressure on me, and so I thought to myself,
我怎么能...? "How could I...?
大家对我如此信任 万一算出的轨道很可能是错的 "I can't live with myself, given this gift, knowing that there's
我会感到极其内疚 "a very strong possibility that my trajectories were not correct."
米诺维奇来到位于加州萨迪纳的 国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室 Minovitch went to the people with the most accurate data on the solar system at the time -
拜访拥有当时太阳系 最精确数据的专家们 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena.
由他们来确认他到底是解决了 三天体问题 They would decide if he had solved the three-body problem
还只是浪费了学校许多钱 or just wasted a lot of the university's money.
他们进行了多项测试 They ran the tests,
约四到五种轨道类型 多次太空相遇 about four or five different trajectories types, different encounters,
实验结果是每个问题都得以 完美解决 and found every single one converged to the exact solution.
这真是数学的美妙时刻 It was a beautiful moment in mathematics.
解决三体问题后，米诺维奇发现 By solving the three-body problem, Minovitch had discovered a way
利用引力可给航天器更有力的推动 使其飞得前所未有地快 to use gravity to propel a spacecraft further and faster than ever before.
米诺维奇发现 What Minovitch realised was,
当航天器接近行星时 as a spacecraft approaches the planet,
会被其引力吸入 it gets pulled in by its gravity,
由于行星正以每小时上万公里 的速度沿轨道绕太阳飞行 and as long as it doesn't crash into the planet,
因此，只要航天器不坠入行星 because the planet is orbiting the sun at tens of thousands of kilometres an hour,
它就能利用这一能量获得加速 that spacecraft can take some of that energy and use it to get
以抛射方式离开行星并进入太阳系 catapulted out at an increased speed further out into the solar system.
米诺维奇运用引力弹弓效应 With his new slingshot technique,
至少在理论上打开了 Minovitch had opened a gateway
通向外行星之门 to the outer planets, at least theoretically.
他负责鉴定了数百次 飞向行星的相关任务 He identified hundreds of possible missions
在笔记本上绘制了细致的草图 to the planets, meticulously drawing them up in his notebooks.
这是我发明的思想 The concept that I invented,
我给你看这些资料 and I can show you the printout, if you look here,
航天器从地球发射 一个星球接一个星球连续飞行 you'll see there was no limit. I could have a sequence that was a 100 planets long,
构成的序列可长达100颗行星 且长度并无上限 nonstop, planet to planet to planet, launched from Earth.
航天器一路飞向木星，在木星附近 航天器能获得强大的推力 And then you come to Jupiter. Jupiter, you get a nice big bounce
它能借此飞向土星 and you use that to propel yourself to Saturn, and then Saturn is
土星实在是大得要命 它推动航天器抛离并飞向冥王星 a pretty darn big planet, and that will catapult you out to Pluto.
若用这个办法探索整个太阳系 This concept could be used to explore the whole solar system
仅需一次发射单枚运载火箭 with one launch vehicle at one time
之后再不需要任何火箭推力 without any rocket propulsion at all.
在百余条理论飞行轨道中 But buried amongst those hundreds of theoretical
有一条轨道很特别 flight paths was one very special trajectory.
没人注意到其重要性 即使米诺维奇也没注意到 And no-one, not even Minovitch, noticed its significance.
1965年夏天 In the summer of 1965,
NASA（国家航空航天局） 喷气推进实验室雇了个假期学生 right here at NASA's JPL, another vacation student was hired
他的工作是清点到达 外行星的可能线路 to number-crunch the options for a mission to the outer planets.
他叫加里·弗兰德罗 And his name was Gary Flandro.
我是个正攻读学位的夏季学生 I was a summer student working on my degree at the time,
找到这份观察外行星工作后 so when I was given the job of looking at the outer planets,
我感觉这是份闲差 I thought that was kind of make-work project -
感觉自己被晾在了一边 I was being kind of kept out of the way.
弗兰得罗是位十分注重太空飞行 实际情况的脚踏实地的年轻工程师 Flandro was a young engineer, grounded in the hard realities
他开始关注三天体问题的 of spaceflight, and he began to look at whether
解决方案是否能真正付诸实施 a solution to the three-body problem could be put to practical use.
首先要确定的是 Obviously, the first thing is to determine
行星何时能出现 在航天器能到达的位置上 when the planets are going to be in positions where we could reach them.
我很仔细地画了一系列行星 可能出现的位置图 So I drew very careful maps of where the planets would be,
其中最重要的一张 and one of the most important drawings was one in which
是我画的和日期相关的 行星位置图 I drew the positions of the planets versus the date.
我立刻注意到 And the thing that caught my attention immediately was
木星、土星、天王星 和海王星的轨道 that the lines for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
在1975-76年期间会同时交叉 all crossed in about the 1975-76 time period.
换句话说就是四颗主要行星同时 出现在太阳的同一侧 In other words, those four major planets were on the same side of the sun
并且同时出现在 大致相同的位置上 and in the same general position at the same time.
我马上想到 So it gave me the idea immediately that we could do
通过一次飞行就能遍历 所有这些行星 all of those planets with one flight.
通过引力弹弓助推实现 行星间飞行的窗口很小 This narrow window - to slingshot from one planet straight
下一个飞行窗口要隔176年 才能打开 to the next - would not open again for another 176 years.
良机不可失 It was too good an opportunity to miss.
于是，当时最雄心勃勃的太空 And so was born the idea of a Grand Tour,
飞行任务-大旅行应运而生 the most ambitious space mission of its time. 注：历史上英国贵族子女有游遍 欧洲大陆的传统，称Grand Tour
本次飞行路线相对较短 有两艘同样的航天探测器 It would send two identical space probes to all four
飞向太阳系的四颗外行星 of the solar system's outer planets in one relatively short flight.
和行星的相遇使我们能 观察遥远行星上的惊人美景 Such encounters promised spectacular views of these distant worlds,
之前我们只能通过望远镜看个大概 planets we only knew as blurry objects through telescopes.
到达木星要花两年时间 飞行50万英里 The half billion miles to Jupiter would take two years.
另外花两年到土星 Then another two years to Saturn...
再花五年多到天王星 ..five more to Uranus
最后用三年飞到冥王星 and a final three to reach Neptune.
也就是说，旅行者号要至少 工作12年 It meant the Voyagers would need to function for at least 12 years.
NASA还从没造过工作寿命 Yet NASA had never built a spacecraft guaranteed to last
超过几个月的航天器 longer than a few months.
这是个巨大的挑战 It was their biggest challenge yet.
你好，约翰，你怎么样？ Hi, John, how are you?
噢，达拉斯 ，我很好，欢迎光临 Oh, Dallas, I'm fine. Thanks for coming.
这个任务落到了一个 叫约翰·卡萨尼的年轻工程师头上 And it was one which fell to a young engineer called John Casani.
主要问题是时间 飞行这么远的距离要花时间 The issue was the time. It takes time to cover that distance.
长长的旅程会耗费不少时间 You're going a long ways, and that takes time,
时间是...你能否在无人工干预 和调整的前提下 and the time is...can you make all these machines operate
让这些设备保持正常工作？ without human intervention or adjustment?
嗯，我的意思是 Well, I mean...
此时，有个令人兴奋的想法 At that point in time, that was a mind-blowing thought -
如何打造一艘能容错并能 how you build a spacecraft that can survive failures
连续工作的航天器？ and still keep on chugging?
在紧接着的五年里 Five years of testing and redesigning followed,
NASA的工程师们排险克难 不断进行测试和重构 as NASA's engineers grappled with the task of building
全力以赴打造胜任能此项 任务的航天器 a spacecraft capable of the job.
工作必须在1977年前完成 And they needed to do it before 1977,
否则大旅行的发射窗口就会关闭 when the launch window for this Grand Tour would close...
新窗口要至少再等176年 at least for another 176 years.
这一任务使用了大量新技术 实现了 The thing that was scary was that it was going to be based
技术上的飞跃，这点有些令人担心 on a lot of new technology, so it was a technological leap.
只有我们才能做到，别人完成不了 We thought we could do it - nobody else did.
他们已经解决了数学问题 They'd cracked the mathematics,
他们也有信心搞定技术问题 they were confident tackling the technology,
可是他们还需要样东西，就是钱 but there was one more thing they needed - money.
NASA没有足够的资金支持 超越土星的太空飞行计划 NASA still lacked the funding to support the mission beyond Saturn.
为得到进一步的资金支持 To ensure further funding, the public and Congress would need
他们需要向国会和大众定期 发布研究成果 regular reminders of their achievements.
旅行者号需要有一个发言人 将它的传奇式 The Voyagers needed a voice, someone who could turn their saga
太空探索历程转述给全体美国人民 of celestial exploration into something that all Americans could share.
他们找到了旅行者号开发团队中 They turned to a young member of the Voyager team
一位特别爱讲故事的小伙子 with a passion for storytelling -
他叫卡尔·萨根 his name was Carl Sagan.
如果能和独立产生和 Wouldn't it be lovely
进化的其它文明进行接触 to make contact with another civilisation
不是很有意思么？ that has arisen and evolved independently?
旅行者号将永远离我们而去 Aware that the Voyagers would head away from us forever,
萨根有一个非同寻常的主意 Sagan proposed an extraordinary idea.
他建议在每艘航天器上 On board each spacecraft, he suggested placing
放置来自地球的信息 a message from Earth -
以此博取公众的关注 激发公众的想象 an idea which would capture public imagination.
每艘航天器上都搭载了精心挑选的 Attached to each spacecraft is a fairly elaborate message
唱片及播放指南 in the form of a phonograph record and instructions for playing.
这是一张镀金铜唱片 It was a gold-plated copper record -
一份地球居民赠给 a gift of recordings and greetings
其它文明的录音和问候 from the inhabitants of this planet to those of some other.
法语：你好，全世界 'Bonjour, tout le monde...'
日语和俄语的问候语 GREETINGS IN JAPANESE AND RUSSIAN
每张唱片都有声音和 Each disc contained a combination of sounds
图片，特别是还有音乐 and pictures and above all music -
有查克·贝里的音乐，阿塞拜疆 风笛音乐以及巴赫的古典音乐 from Chuck Berry to Azerbaijani bagpipes and Johann Sebastian Bach. 注：查克·贝里是“原始”的摇滚 音乐家之一，其音乐风格是将 布鲁斯和乡村音乐相结合
萨根说，某时某地 Sagan argued that sometime, somewhere,
其它文明有可能找到某艘旅行者号 another civilisation may find one of the Voyagers.
这张唱片用于让他们了解 The record's purpose was to tell them
唱片发送者的情况 what kind of creatures had sent it.
他们对我们有何了解？ 我们究竟像什么？ How much will they know about us, what we're really like?
音乐能表达人类的情感、欲望 To communicate that, music is a way of expression of human feelings,
激情和希望，正适于沟通 desires, passions, hopes.
从某种程度来看 这张唱片收录的所有作曲者 In some sense, all the performers
和演奏者都将永生 and composers on this record will live forever.
金唱片登上旅行者号的消息 With their golden records on board,
使公众为之激动不已 大旅行已然开始上路 and the public's imagination fired up, the Grand Tour was underway.
旅行者号到达首个行星 But no-one could know if the mission was going to deliver results
要用两年时间 until the Voyagers reached their first planet,
在此之前没人知道本次任务 能否将探测结果回传 and that would take two long years.
1979年4月 旅行者号发射后第二年 April 1979, and two years after launch,
控制中心正将旅行者号 导向第一个会合点 Mission Control was steering the Voyagers towards their first rendezvous.
它就是木星，太阳系的最大行星 It was with the largest planet in our solar system - Jupiter.
在旅行者号飞临之前 天文学家只有一些木星 Before Voyager, the best images astronomers had of Jupiter and its moons
及其卫星的模糊照片 were fuzzy photographs.
旅行者号能改变这一切吗？ Could the Voyagers change all that?
我觉得我们正追寻着伽利略的传统 I think we all felt that we were in the tradition of Galileo,
他是首位发现木星卫星的天文学家 who was the first to see the moons of Jupiter,
也是首位使用仪器 and the first to apply an instrument
增进人类观察宇宙能力的科学家 to increase our ability to observe the universe.
旅行者号是人类文明 Voyager was just the latest tool which we, as a civilisation,
发明的最新工具 had managed to devise.
这一工具非常先进 And, of course, the tool was so powerful that we saw things
我们能看到无人见过的景象 也没人能想象我们能见到什么 nobody had seen before and that nobody had imagined we would see.
对最先提议执行此任务的人而言 现在真是一个令人兴奋的时刻 For the man who'd first proposed the mission, it was a thrilling moment.
对我来说 首次和木星相遇，感觉太棒了 That first encounter with Jupiter was a marvellous...
尤其是通过近距离拍摄的照片 我们可以观察到土星的旋转 time for me, especially the approach shots showing the planet
逐步接近并观察 那些巨大的旋转红斑 revolving and watching the great red spot revolving getting closer
最后我们发现 and closer till finally we could see that indeed this was
它们是大型风暴的顶部 the top of a large storm.
我小时候就在想 那些有可能是风暴 As a child, I had studied that and wondered if that was a storm
也可能是海中飘浮的岛屿 不过很难知道确切答案 or was that an island floating in an ocean - it was very difficult to know -
终于，答案就在眼前 and, finally, the answers were there before our eyes.
旅行者号团队的科学家安迪 英格索尔将此发现告诉了 At the time, Voyager scientist Andy Ingersoll revealed
BBC地平线纪录片摄制组 these discoveries to a BBC Horizon crew.
我们每10小时拍摄一张木星照片 并用它们合成一部短片 The movie here shows pictures of Jupiter taken every 10 hours.
先拍好照片，然后将照片 顺序循环播放 The shutter was snapped, then this is played in a sequence over and over again
然后你就能看到运动画面了 so you can see motion.
不同的化学特性会固定表现出 And this rapid mixing makes the existence of permanent
不同的色彩 在进行快速视频合成后 different-coloured, different chemical features
它们使木星看上去更为神秘莫测 even more mysterious.
我是一名天气预报员 也是一位大气科学家 See, I'm a weather man, I'm an atmospheric scientist,
我们都知道，在地球上任何人都 能观测到的大红斑 and we knew about the 300-year-old storms, the great red spot,
其实是已存在了300年的风暴 because everyone had been looking at it from Earth,
抵近观察的时候，我觉得很奇怪 and for me the surprise was, when we got up close,
大气层一片汹涌，并不断搅动 we saw that the atmosphere was just churning and turbulent,
这一现象让已经存在300年的 风暴显得更加神秘 and it made this 300-year-old storm all the more mysterious,
在这样的乱流之中 风暴究竟如何一直维持到现在？ cos how could it go on in the midst of all this turbulence?
当旅行者号飞近木星时，大家都 对此抱有热望，都有不同的高论 We all approached Jupiter with great expectation and we all had our grandiose theories
都在预测我们即将看到的景象 当然，木星把大家都愚弄了 about what we were going to see, but, of course, Jupiter fooled us all.
木星的状况很怪异 There was some bizarre behaviour.
小块的云在空中飘荡 被大红斑吞噬 Little clouds moving along and being swept up in the great red spot
然后 and then being...
它又会把云重新吐出来 it would spit them out again.
还有一些云飘来飘去，彼此接近 Other clouds would roll along next to one another,
合成一块云，然后再次分开 coalesce into a single cloud and then break apart again.
从旅行者拍摄的照片可以看出 木星的大气疯狂搅动 Voyager's pictures suggested that Jupiter's wildly churning atmosphere
其能量来源也许是 来自行星深处的热量 seemed to be driven by heat from deep within the planet.
科学家们猜测，能量来自于 木星高温、高压的 Scientists speculated that it was came from a hot,
液态金属态氢内核 high-pressure core of metallic hydrogen.
木星内核拥有强大的磁场 Such a centre also seemed to be powering an immense magnetic field,
是地球的一万倍 10,000 times stronger than Earth's. 注：木星表面磁场强度3～14高斯2013/2/10
对旅行者号来说，这有点麻烦 And for the Voyagers, that was a problem.
因为磁场产生了致命的辐射带 Because this magnetism creates lethal radiation belts,
任何航天器如何靠得过近 其电脑就会工作失常 which can scramble the computers of any spacecraft that gets too close.
不过大家恰恰希望旅行者号 能靠得再近些 Yet getting close was exactly what was needed.
旅行者号团队想要让它探测 The Voyager team wanted to send Voyager 1 to explore Io,
木星的四大卫星之一：木卫一伊俄 one of Jupiter's four largest moons. 注：木卫一别名Io，来自希腊 神话中的水泽神女伊俄
木卫一是几个卫星中离木星最近的 And it was the nearest of all of them to the planet.
根据设计，航天器 能承受一定剂量的辐射 The spacecraft was designed to withstand
在旅行者号接近并 飞越木卫一时 a certain total dose of radiation, and fully 50% of that expected dose
其所承受的辐射是 额定剂量的50% was going to occur as we approached and flew by Io.
在旅行者一号飞近时 As Voyager 1 approached,
它将由辐射产生的无线电信号 录音发回地球 it sent back recordings of the radio signal generated by the radiation.
乱七八糟的啸叫声 LOUD, DISTORTED WHISTLES
货真价实的辐射袭击声 These are the real sounds of the onslaught.
回到喷气推进实验室，旅行者团队 忧心仲仲，不清楚它能否承受 Back at JPL, the Voyager team worried whether it could withstand
如此规模的辐射袭击 这场赌博能否有回报 such an assault, and whether the gamble would pay off.
旅行者号的导航工程师琳达·海德 首先看到了结果 Voyager navigation engineer Linda Hyder was the first to find out.
我在当天早晨9点到达导航区 I came in about nine o'clock that morning to the navigation area,
前一天航天器拍摄的照片磁带 and the tape with the pictures the spacecraft had taken
放在我桌子上 the day before was on my desk.
我把磁带放入计算机并显示图片 I put them on the computer system and I displayed them.
看到了木卫一伊俄 And I could see that Io, the moon of Io, was a crescent,
和夜空中的月亮一样，呈新月状 as very often our own moon is a crescent in the night sky,
我把图像加亮了些 and I went and enhanced the brightness,
我发现在伊俄边上有一个巨大物体 and there appeared beside Io an object, a huge object,
非常引人注目 and completely captured my attention.
它看上去像是在伊俄后面 探出头来的另一颗卫星 It looked like another moon peeking out from behind Io.
不过这不是另一颗卫星 照相机也工作正常 But there was no other moon... and no fault in the camera.
琳达判断它是伊俄的一部分 Linda decided this object had to be part of Io.
这个物体尺寸巨大 And, in fact, that was very hard to accept,
很难让人相信它是木卫一的一部分 because the size of this object was enormous.
我仔细研究了一下 And when I explored it,
我发现这个巨大的怪东西 I was able to find that this large, strange object,
完全是巧合，它正好落在 木卫一上的一块心形区内 it was exactly coincident and fell over a heart-shaped feature on Io.
在木卫一表面 巨大的羽毛状火山喷出物 What I had discovered was the huge plume of a volcanic eruption,
喷射高度高达270公里 然后像雨点一样落回卫星表面 arising 270km over the surface of Io and raining back down onto it.
我在地球之外的另一个地方 So I had discovered the first ever volcanic eruption ever seen
首次发现了火山喷发 on another world besides the Earth.
让旅行者一号暴露于辐射下 的这场赌博有了回报 The gamble of being exposed to such radiation had paid off.
旅行者一号发现 木星的最大卫星木卫一 Voyager 1 had revealed that Io, the closest of Jupiter's large moons,
从地质学角度看比地球更为活跃 was more geologically active than the Earth.
木星巨大的引力时而拉伸它 时而挤压它 Jupiter's enormous gravity stretches and squeezes the moon,
使其内核升温，卫星内部呈液态 forcing its core to heat up and its interior to stay molten.
木卫一上有八个活动的火山 We found that Io had eight active volcanoes on it,
是太阳系中拥有 最活跃活火山的天体 the most volcanically active body in the solar system,
出乎意料的是 它只是一颗小卫星而已 and it's just a small moon, and that was so unexpected.
这使我们对太阳系外层空间模式 And it was such a shift in our paradigm
的认识有了重大改变 about what was going on in the outer solar system
原来我们推测那里极冷 并且一片死寂 where it's very cold and, presumably, we thought very dead.
从这个意义上看，当我们看见那些 So in that sense, it characterised for us
当我们看见那些连想都没想过的 东西时，感觉就是如此不同 the sense of seeing things that we hadn't really thought about,
本次飞行任务的其它部分 and that was in fact very characteristic
同样非同寻常 of the rest of the mission.
这还不是全部 And that wasn't all.
当旅行者号飞过木星的其它卫星时 As the Voyagers flew by Jupiter's other moons,
新的观测结果不断涌现 more discoveries began pouring in.
这些独特的卫星由岩石和冰构成 These exotic satellite worlds of rock and ice needed
要了解它们、解析它们 需要到全新的专业技术知识 a new expertise to interpret them.
旅行者团队迅速作出了反应 The Voyager team had to react quickly,
邀请了部分行星地质学家加入 bringing on board more planetary geologists.
那里有两个，那里有一对 那里有… There's a twin, a pair there, and then there's...
裂缝处的地形如何？ 裂缝不是应该… What about the relief from the cracks? Shouldn't the cracks...
为了那里… In order for there...
这里除了我之外 'All of the scientists, with the exception
其它都是大气科学家和天文学家 'of me, were atmospheric scientists and astronomers.'
我们意识到这些卫星具有 And, in fact, it wasn't until we really recognised the exotic variety
独特的多样性和差异性 and diversity of the satellites,
于是地质学家加入了旅行者号团队 that geologists were really added to the Voyager team.
在我看来 And in fact the satellites, in my view,
卫星是旅行者号整个旅程中的明星 became the star of the whole Voyager experience.
旅行号和木星的相遇大获成功 Voyager's encounter with Jupiter was a triumph,
卡尔·萨根主持了一场 电视直播的庆功晚会 and Carl Sagan hosted a televised evening to celebrate.
我们不能仅以科学家的 思维方式去观察 It's impossible to look at these pictures with only
这些精致无比的照片 a scientific cast of mind, because they are simply exquisite.
它们是二十世纪末发生的 And this is part of the remarkable historical transition,
重大历史转折的见证 which is happening in the late 20th century in which we are,
以前，我们只能根据神话进行想象 for the first time, learning the realities, not the myths,
现在，我们了解的是太空中 这个小小游泳水塘的真实情况 of our little swimming hole in space.
今晚，我们的全部身心 On a night like tonight, our eyes, our minds, our souls,
在浩瀚的宇宙中驰骋 our blood are moving out through the universe.
我们正在创造历史 We're part of history,
崭新的传奇将替代古老的神话 and that means that we have to replace the old myths with new ones.
两搜旅行者号探测器告别了木星 With Jupiter behind them, the two Voyager spacecraft headed
向着更远的行星际空间飞去 further out into inter-planetary space.
在本次大旅行期间 It would be more than two years
它们会在两年多之后到达 before they reached the next destination
下一个目的地，十亿英里外的土星 on their Grand Tour - the planet Saturn, almost a billion miles away.
用于实现如此长距离、长时间 The technology and engineering needed to accomplish such long-distance,
太空飞行任务的工程技术非常先进 long-duration spaceflight, was truly remarkable.
航天器将飞行数十亿英里 The spacecraft needed to be designed to cope with anything
它必须能对付旅程中 遇到的任何问题 their multi-billion-mile journey would throw at them.
幸运的是，你不必飞行110亿英里 Luckily, you don't need to travel 11 billion miles to get up close and personal
去近距离亲身体会旅行者号非 凡的工程技术 and really appreciate the extraordinary engineering of Voyager,
另外有一个“旅行者号”离家不远 because there's another one a little bit closer to home.
喷气推进实验室 在建造旅行者号之时 When JPL built the Voyagers,
他们用飞行备件组装了 几个额外模块 they also assembled a couple of extra models from flight spares,
将其留在地球上，作为七十年代 技术的实样纪念品 as an Earth-bound reminder of their visionary 1970s technology.
在旅行者号整体结构顶部是一个 巨大的碟形通讯天线 Dominating the entire structure is this great communications dish
负责将旅行者号飞行期间收集的 所有数据向太空发送 that's beaming back to Earth all that data that the Voyager spacecrafts collect
信号在穿越数十亿英里的 广阔空间后最终传回地球 across billions of miles of empty space.
不可思议的是 这个信号功率仅20瓦 Incredibly, the power of this signal was designed to be a mere 20 watts -
和一只冰箱灯泡功率一样 about the same as a fridge light bulb.
旅行者号的电源放在这根支架上 And situated on this arm, quite sensibly far away from the spacecraft,
故意远离航天器本体 is Voyager's power supply.
当时太阳能技术仍不实用 就靠这套钚动力电池 It's a plutonium-fuelled generator that can power the spacecraft in deep space
为深空中的航天器供电 when solar power just isn't an option.
另一端的支架上突出来的是 And over on the other side, sticking out on another boom,
是最独特旅行者之眼 perhaps most excitingly, this is Voyager's eyes.
这组相机为我们展现了 一个崭新的世界 This great collection of cameras that revealed new worlds for the first time,
首次让我们以前所未有的 清晰度观察太阳系 and let us see the solar system with greater clarity than ever before.
1981年，距离旅行者号拍摄 到极美的木星照片之时已有两年 1981, and two years on from the stunning images of Jupiter,
大家正在排队观看首次发布的 the public were queuing up to get their first clear views
带光环的行星，土星的清晰照片 of the mysterious ringed planet, Saturn.
音乐：一定要相信 演唱者朱尼 MUSIC: "Don't Stop Believing" by Journey
旅行者团队为本次相遇 进行了精心准备 The Voyager team had prepared in meticulous detail for the encounter,
他们明白这次的时间窗口极小 as they knew they had just a tiny window to get it right.
航天器在近距离接近行星时 会高速飞掠而过 Each spacecraft would fly by so quickly,
搜集数据的时间极其紧张 on such a close approach, there was almost no time to gather data.
低空飞越接近点的行动 需要用数个小时 The closest approach fly-by sequences are a matter of hours.
最为紧凑的接近点活动 集中于一个12小时的时间段 Really, the tightest closest approach activity is within a 12-hour span.
他们还得决定将照相机指向何方 In particular, the team needed to decide where to point the cameras.
观测平台上装有 The scan platform, which included the cameras
照相机和分光计 我是否要将它指向卫星？ and spectrometers, am I going to point it at the moon
指向哪个卫星？还是要指向土星？ and which moon, or am I going to point it at the planet?
我应该如何调整它的指向？ Which way am I going to point it?
这就得和同事们好好讨论了 And so you have to argue with your colleagues.
青色的，比灰色的更兰 Blue-ish. Blue-er than grey.
最终获得关注的是土星环 But it was the rings of Saturn which stole the show.
不过，我想我们都明白， We thought we knew it all,
我们又一次面临极其复杂的状况 but, once again, we were looking at a very, very complex situation.
土星环分裂成许多小环 The rings were broken up into mini-rings.
它们之间有缝隙 There were gaps in there,
那里我们所不了解的各种 动力学现象都可能发生 there were all sorts of dynamical phenomena that we didn't understand.
开始我认为，要完成这项 When I began my work, I had suggested that one thing
特别任务的办法就是 we could do with this particular mission was
在土星和土星环之间飞过 to fly between the planet and the rings,
不过还好，我们不会这么做 and, very fortunately, we didn't do that,
因为当我们接近土星时 because, as we approached Saturn,
我们发现航天器准备飞越的区域 we saw that the region there we would have had to flown through with the spacecraft
还有许多环存在 was filled with more rings.
如果航天器要从缝隙中飞过 There was no question that spacecraft would not have survived
那它必死无疑 trying to go through that gap.
图像小组几乎来不及处理 这些新来的数据 The imaging team could barely cope with all the new data.
我记得压力不是很大 What I remember...it wasn't really stressful,
不过当时现场有点乱，闹哄哄的 大家都挺激动 but it was just chaotic and hectic and exciting.
相遇的前几天，大家都在做准备 Right in the few days around the encounter, trying to keep up
保证当观测数据大量涌入的时候 能及时应对 with the discoveries as they poured in.
大家都对观测到的新东西 Eventually, no-one got any sleep,
无比激动，最后没人睡觉 because we were just overwhelmed with new stuff.
旅行者号显示了缠绕在一起的 精巧的多个环 Voyager revealed delicate rings that were intertwined
另一些小环是 由一些所谓牧羊犬卫星保持位置的 and rings that were held in place by tiny moons they called shepherds.
土星环有一种叫辅条的特殊现象 There were strange features called spokes,
空间尘埃碎片在环上微微凸出 patches of dust particles, slightly raised above the rings.
这引起了一位年轻 研究生的特别注意 These caught the eye of one young graduate student in particular.
我参与了对辅条的研究 I got involved in the study of the spokes,
可以观察到 这些幽灵般的东西移来移去 which were these ghostly features that were seen to come and go,
当时我就想到将这些照片分类 and it just came to my head to kind of categorise the pictures.
我把看上去有许多辅条的 Into one pile, I put all those images that seemed to have
照片放在一起 a lot of spokes in them,
把另一些几乎没有辅条的照片 and into another pile, I put those images
堆到另一边 that seemed to have virtually no spokes at all.
然后做了一个中间分类 And I made an intermediate category.
照片都加上了时间标签 And, of course, each image was tagged with a time,
计算机分析结果表明 and I basically did an analysis on the computer of this
辅条并非零星随机出现 and found that the spokes actually weren't just sporadic but, in fact,
它们有固定的运动周期 they came and went with a certain period.
卡萝琳`普尔科发现辅条明显是在 Remarkably, Carolyn Porco had discovered that the spokes
在土星磁场作用下绕土星旋转 followed Saturn's magnetic field as it rotated with the planet.
这是我的第一个科学发现 I made my very first scientific discovery, and just knowing that
当时除了我，世界上没有其他 任何人了解这一现象 I had found something that nobody else on the face of the planet knew at that time
这太让人激动了 was just such an exhilarating experience.
好吧，我想土星没让我们失望 Well, I think Saturn has not disappointed us.
我们对土星系统仅有一些基本了解 I really expected that since we had such a rudimentary...
观测结果会让我们啧啧称奇 knowledge of Saturn system that we would be seeing many surprises,
正如我们所知，自然界的神奇 永远超乎人类的想象 but, as usual, our imaginations were not nearly up to what nature provided.
在发射四年以来 Four years since launch, the Voyagers had,
旅行号取得了异乎寻常的成功 so far, been a wild success.
不过现在，任务决策者们 得赌上一把 But now came the mission planner's biggest gamble.
这两个小小的航天器将在土星 分道扬镳 Here at Saturn, the twin spacecraft would part company.
旅行者一号将转向土星 最大的卫星泰坦 Voyager 1 would be diverted towards Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
它魅力无穷 It was an enticing target.
泰坦的大气层构成 It was clear that the composition of Titan's atmosphere
和地球相似 makes it kind of an analogue with the Earth,
这太让人惊讶了 之前没人觉得会在 which is terribly surprising, because no-one expected years ago
土星这么远的地方 发现和地球相似的星球 you'd find an analogue of the Earth out at the distance of Saturn.
泰坦的大气密度和地球很接近 With an atmosphere of similar density to Earth's,
普遍认为泰坦上可能隐藏 有原始形态的生命 it was believed Titan might even harbour primitive life.
不过，这次飞行控制 需要付出巨大代价 But the manoeuvre came at great cost.
如果要飞越泰坦 To fly past Titan, Voyager 1's Grand Tour
就得牺牲旅行者一号的 大旅行计划 would have to be sacrificed.
为了访问这颗迷人的卫星 To visit this intriguing moon,
必须改变旅行者一号的轨道 it needed to be put on a different path,
将其朝向调整到指向太阳系 平面之外 throwing it up at an angle, out of the plane of the solar system.
旅行者一号飞越泰坦后 就不再会遭遇行星 Beyond Titan, there would be no more planetary encounters for Voyager 1.
飞越泰坦的最终结果令人失望 In the end, the Titan fly-by was a disappointment.
由于旅行者一号的相机不能 穿透泰坦的大气层 Voyager 1's cameras couldn't penetrate its atmosphere
因此无法得知星球上 到底有无生命迹象 to offer further clues to whether life might lie beneath.
泰坦是旅行者计划经历的首次 严重挫折 Titan was the first major setback for the Voyager team.
旅行者一号作出些许牺牲 It meant Voyager 1 had been sacrificed for very little
目前正加速飞离太阳系 and was now speeding away from the solar system.
大旅行计划未完成部分的 重担自然就落到了 The rest of the Grand Tour would have to rely on one single spacecraft -
旅行者2号身上 Voyager 2.
目前它正穿越太阳系 Now on its own, it was heading across the solar system
朝着最远处的行星飞去 towards the outermost planets.
在飞离土星时，旅行者号计划 又遭遇了另一次挫折 But then, just as it left Saturn, another setback -
旅行者2号的照相机平台 开始有点卡住 the team noticed Voyager 2's camera platform had started to jam.
如果相机最关键的 摇摄功能失灵 Without the crucial ability to pan its cameras,
旅行者号就拍不了 多少张外行星照片了 there would be few pictures of the other outer planets.
这弄不好可能是一场祸 工作组赶紧开始找原因 It was a potential disaster, and the team struggled to find the cause.
大家觉得观测平台被卡住 In the case of the stuck scan platform, the expectation
可能是由碎片引起的 问题是这又不太可能 was that there was a piece of debris, which is not likely.
我们组装机器的时候，真的很当心 I mean, we're so careful when we put these machines together.
嗯，可能是润滑油的原因 So then it goes down to, well, maybe it's the lubricant,
润滑油供给可能出了问题 the way the lubricant has distributed itself.
一艘远在10亿英里之外的 航天器该怎么修呢？ So how do you fix a spacecraft that's over a billion miles away?
我们的办法是非常当心 地活动一下故障平台 What we decided to do was to exercise it very carefully,
在这个位置慢慢前后移动齿轮 传动链 moving the gears train back and forth slowly over this spot.
采取的措施初见成效 We could see that we were making progress and we said,
好的，就这样，我们能解决问题 "OK this is it. We can work through it".
由于没有目标可以对焦 But without any target to focus the cameras on,
相机是否修好也就无从知晓 they had no way to know if their fix was successful.
只有旅行者二号到达下一个目标 天王星时 They'd only know that when Voyager 2 reached its next destination -
才能知道 Uranus.
旅行者2号的飞行速度 高达每小时五万英里 Even travelling at 50,000 miles an hour,
要完成此次相遇还是要花五年时间 this encounter was five years away.
五年里各种忐忑和焦虑 Half a decade of uncertainty and anxiety.
好的，两分钟前 Well, just about two minutes ago,
旅行者2号刚刚飞过天王星 的最接近点 Voyager 2 passed through its closest approach to Uranus.
探测平台已然修好 Despite their fix to the scan platform,
不过这里离太阳很远，没什么光亮 with the limited light this far from the sun,
相机工作起来会很困难 the Voyager team knew their cameras would struggle.
旅行者2号在到达距地球10亿 英里的土星时，启动并进行探测 Voyager was planned to operate at 1 billion miles at Saturn.
天王星距地球20亿英里 此处阳光极为微弱 It was now being asked to operate at 2 billion miles at Uranus,
旅行者2号到达后也将在此 进行探测，我们得先做些准备工作 where the sun was very dim. And we had to do several things.
相机的曝光时间要久一些 For instance, you have to have much longer exposures on the camera,
问题是航天器正快速飞行 and, if you have too long an exposure,
如果曝光时间过长，照片就会糊掉 the spacecraft's moving very rapidly, things become smeared.
得想个办法为航天器重新编程 So we had to learn how to program the spacecraft
将其快门速度调到适当的值 to turn at just the right rate,
用于补偿航天器运动对拍摄 造成的影响 so that it would compensate for the motion of the spacecraft.
也就是说，要为航天器的 大脑-计算机重新编程 They had to basically re-program the brains of the spacecraft.
以今天的标准来看 尽管当时的电脑功能很差 It didn't have very many brains by today's standards,
不过还得进行重编程 最终他们取得了神奇的成果 but they had to re-program it. Those were fantastic achievements.
工程师们巧手回天 旅行者号传回了清晰的王天星照片 As the first images of Uranus arrived back on Earth,
工程师们的努力又一次得到了回报 it became clear the engineers' ingenuity had once again paid off.
这些摄于离地球20亿英里远的照片 But the extraordinary, pin-sharp pictures of this distant planet,
异常清晰锐利，看上去颇为诱人 two billion miles from Earth, revealed tantalisingly little.
在经过长久等待之后 旅行者号再次提醒我们 After all the waiting, it was a reminder that with Voyager,
宇宙里变数太多，无法预料 nothing could be taken for granted.
和木星及土星不同的是 Uranus is different than Jupiter and Saturn
天王星没有内部热源 in the sense that it has no internal heat source.
木星及土星向外辐射的能量 Both Jupiter and Saturn are radiating more energy
比它们从太阳吸收的要多 than they receive from the sun,
原因是它们内部有热源 because there's still heat inside those planets.
王天星的热源由于某种原因 已然冷却 For a reason, at Uranus, that heat had been shut down
大气层没有这些能量的驱动 显得份外平静 and was not driving the atmosphere, so the atmosphere was much blander.
确认… Check...
天王星多少有点令人失望 If Uranus itself was something of a disappointment,
不过其卫星却给我们带来许多惊喜 once again, the team found plenty of surprises in its moons.
最引人注目的当属其 最小的卫星：米兰达 Most striking of all was the tiny moon, Miranda.
它看上去像个立体七巧板 Miranda looks like a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle.
那里像是有许多又大又复杂的赛道 We see regions looking like giant, complex racetracks,
被组委会拼到了一起 almost as if it's put together by a committee.
表面上的突起部分 There are pieces stuck on the surface
看似来自其它星球 that look like they belong to different planets,
一种观点认为，卫星先是 发生了碎裂，但核心还保持完整 and one idea was that it was busted apart and these core pieces stayed intact,
然后碎裂部分又贴了回来 and then they were glued back together,
最终形成这样一个大杂烩 and so you get this hodge-podge.
飞过天王星后，旅行者二号 将面临最后一个挑战 From Uranus, Voyager 2 faced it's final challenge -
再坚持飞三年，10亿英里 the journey to Neptune, over a billion miles further out
到达海王星 and three years more space travel to survive.
海王星是太阳系中最大的行星 The last major planet in the solar system,
即使用最强大的望远镜 this most mysterious world had resisted investigation
也很难看清那里的神秘世界 from even the most powerful telescopes.
根据轨道要求 To maintain it's trajectory,
旅行者2号要在海王星北极上空 低空掠过 Voyager 2 needed to make a low pass over Neptune's north pole.
这样做会带来一些问题 But this brought its own problems.
由于飞行倾角以及 高速飞行问题的存在 Because of increased speed and approach angle,
旅行者2号的观测窗口 会前所未有地窄 Voyager 2's window of opportunity would be the narrowest yet.
我们将在海王星面临最大的挑战 The challenge at Neptune was the most difficult one we had.
实际情况是这样的 We had to know, within one second,
飞越海王星北极上空仅需一秒钟 when we were going to fly over the north pole of Neptune.
这对导航系统是个巨大的挑战 That was a major navigational challenge -
之前我们从没达到过如此精度 we had never delivered that kind of accuracy before.
如果做对了，那一切都好 If we were right, it worked.
如果做错，就再没有第二次机会了 If we were wrong, we had no second chance.
工作小组需要将一艘 Not only did the team need to position a spacecraft
已经飞行了12年的航天器 以秒级精度导航定位 to within a second of accuracy, after a flight of 12 years,
以保证科学探测正常进行 他们还得为这个离地球 but to ensure scientific success, they also had to forecast
30亿英里的行星发布天气预报 the weather on a planet three billion miles away from Earth.
我们得提前两周 We had to forecast where to point the cameras,
确定照相机的指向区域 two weeks in advance,
确保拍摄到我们感兴趣的内容 where those interesting features were going to be.
好的，它们正四处移动 And we said, "Well, they're moving around.
那是海王星大气中的风暴 "There are storms in the atmosphere of Neptune."
1989年8月 And this was August of 1989,
佛罗里达沿岸来了大飓风 and there was a big hurricane off the coast of Florida.
天气预报员说 And weather forecasters here were saying,
未来12小时内，它会右转 "Well, 12 hours from now, we think it's going to veer right
也可能会左转，我们也不确定 "or we think it's going to go left, but we're not sure."
它可能会稍稍转向西北 或者西北偏西方向 It may be starting to turn a little bit more towards the northwest or west-northwest...
同时，我们却满怀信心 提前两周发布海王星的天气预报 And, meanwhile, we were confidently issuing weather forecasts
告诉工程师们 for Neptune two weeks in advance and telling the engineers,
好的，从现在起两周内 "OK, two weeks from now,
将照相机指向那儿 那里会有一场风暴发生 "point your camera there and there will be a storm there."
我们是正确的，这太棒了！ And we were right. It was glorious!
飞越的时间即将到来 The fly-by was approaching.
软件已经重写，修理已经完成 Would the software rewrites and running repairs hold together
人类和海王星的唯一 一次近距离相遇能否成功完成？ to give humanity its only close encounter with Neptune?
能做的只有等待和希望 There was nothing more to do but wait and hope.
经过12年飞行和数十年的期望 After 12 years of flight, and decades of anticipation,
这个巨大的蓝色行星赫然 出现在旅行者2号的镜头里 the giant blue planet began to loom in Voyager 2's lenses.
1989年8月12日 旅行者2号在海王星 On the 25th August 1989, the spacecraft passed
北极3000英里附近飞过 within 3,000 miles of Neptune's north pole.
航天器经历了30亿英里艰难的旅程 到达了太阳系的边缘 The craft had survived the three billion mile journey to the edge of the solar system.
我和我的小儿子在喷气推进实验室 The final encounter I was able to witness,
见证了这最后一次相遇 here at JPL with my youngest son,
我们津津有味地观看 海王星的展示图片 and we watched with fascination as the pictures of Neptune unfolded.
突然， 我们看到一个 没人能想象到的东西 Suddenly things that no-one had imagined were there.
这是一个有生命气息的星球 Here was a planet that was vibrant with life.
它本身存在大斑点 在这种情况下是个大黑斑 It had its own great spot, a dark spot in this case,
白云在大气层内飘荡 white clouds floating in its atmosphere,
这一切公开展示在我们面前 and these things unfolded before our very eyes.
多美妙的惊喜 What a wonderful surprise.
对我来说，海王星是个巨大的惊喜 Neptune, for me, was a great surprise.
海王星是一个奇异的星球 There was something strange and eerie about Neptune,
这颗最后的行星 because here, the last planet, the sentinel at the outer edge
太阳系外缘的哨兵 看起来与地球类似 of our solar system, looks like Earth,
它带着漂亮的深蓝色 with its beautiful deep blue colour
白云飘荡在大气层中 and its white clouds floating in the atmosphere.
我们再次回到了一个真正 令人兴奋的星球-海王星 We were back with a really exciting planet again at Neptune.
那里有快速移动的云 向不同方向移动的云 There were fast-moving clouds, clouds that moved in different directions,
有些的云的速度接近音速 some of them almost at sonic speeds.
它的大气的复杂程度 远超我们的预料 The complexity of the planet's atmosphere was far beyond our expectations.
大旅行已经接近尾声 The Grand Tour was almost over,
不过旅行者2号将会给我们 带来更多惊喜 but Voyager 2 had one more surprise in store.
海王星的卫星，察东 Neptune's moon, Triton. 注：就是海卫一 1880年卡米伊·弗拉马利翁命名 希腊海神名字叫察东
太好了…让人无法相信 This is too much... too much to believe.
瞧这些胎痕 Look at the tyre tracks. Yeah.
胎痕 Tyre tracks.
察东和我们之前见到的世界不一样 Triton was a world unlike any we had seen before.
它的表面温度在太阳系中是最低的 It was the coldest surface we had seen in the solar system,
绝对零度之上40度 (约-233.15摄氏度) 40 degrees above absolute zero.
那里实在太冷了 构成大气的主要成分-氮 So cold that nitrogen, which forms most of the atmosphere on Earth,
冻结成了固态氮 is frozen, solid ice,
察东的极盖由冻结氮 而不是冰构成 and the polar caps on Triton are frozen nitrogen, not frozen water.
尽管如此，在察东表面还发现 了间歇喷泉 Even so, we found geysers on the surface of Triton,
氮的喷发高度达几英里 nitrogen geysers miles high.
因此即使是在太阳系的极深处 So even at the very deepest part of our solar system,
仍有活跃的地质活动发生 它无处不在 there is geologic activity. It is everywhere.
太阳系充满活力并不断演化 The solar system is alive, evolving,
这正是太阳系令人激动的地方 and that's what makes it so exciting.
这非常值得我们去了解 And makes it so much to learn.
旅行者2号艰难地到达了 太阳系的极限 Voyager 2 had survived to reach the extremes of the solar system.
它揭示的不仅仅是行星本身 It had revealed not just the planets themselves
而是包括环和卫星在内的整体系统 和我们以往的想象任何东西都不同 but whole systems of rings and moons unlike anything we'd imagined.
苏珊·多德拿到了本次飞行 期间的最后一幅图像 Suzanne Dodd captured a final image from the flight.
我拿到并帮着绘制的一幅图像 One of the images I took and helped design
是一张在…实际上是一张 was the one where you have... it's actually one taken
在离开时拍的照片 when you're going away.
这里是海王星 海王星的月牙 You have Neptune, the crescent of Neptune,
然后可以在背景中看到 海王星的卫星 and then you have the crescent of Neptune's moon, Triton,
察东的月牙 in the background,
这张照片是在航天器 飞出太阳系时所拍摄 and you're taking that as the spacecraft is travelling out of the solar system.
这是旅行者2号 要拍的最后一张照片 That's the last image that Voyager 2 is going to take,
照片留下了它对这些 行星的最后记忆 and that's the last image that spacecraft is going to remember of those planets.
旅行者2号在1989年传回了其 最后一张照片 Voyager 2 delivered its final images in 1989.
这两艘旅行者航天器收集的 外行星数据量 More data on the outer planets had been collected by the two Voyager spacecraft
是人类历史上最多的 than in the rest of human history.
我们也不能忘记旅行者一号 But let's not forget Voyager 1,
它正向太阳系平面之外飞去 heading out of the plane of the solar system.
尽管它已不再能和任何行星相遇 Although it hadn't been able to have any more encounters with planets,
它的制造者们还要求它完成最后 一项特殊任务 there was one last, special task its makers asked of it.
它高高地位于太阳系平面之上 Because it was high above the solar system rather than in its plane,
旅行者一号能观察到所有行星 而它的孪生兄弟不可能做到 Voyager 1 had a view of all the planets that its twin could never have.
卡尔·萨根和卡萝琳·浦科 正在讨论一个想法 Carl Sagan and Carolyn Porco began discussing an idea.
旅行者号行将到达一个 Voyager was going to be in a location
其它航天器都从没到过位置 that no other spacecraft had been before, equipped with,
它携带有复杂的仪器 you know, sophisticated instrumentation
它有能力转个身 so that it could turn around and take a picture
为太阳系中的所有行星拍张照 of all the planets in the solar system.
我想，这将会是一批 非常精彩的照片 And I thought that this would be a riveting collection of images,
你知道，是第一批 you know, a first.
他们说，这么做实在没有 科学上的正当理由 And they said, "Well, there's really no scientific justification
对此我没啥可说的，因为确实没有 "for this," and I couldn't argue with that, because there wasn't.
行星会只有针尖大小 The planets were going to be just pinpoints,
他们的大小将只有几个像素 they were going to be just pixels.
看都看不清楚 They couldn't see it.
1990年的情人节 在离开地球13年之后 On Valentine's Day 1990, 13 years after leaving Earth,
旅行者一号受令将其照相机 转回头朝向行星 Voyager 1 was asked to turn its cameras back towards the planets.
在37亿英里之外 Now 3.7 billion miles away,
当旅行者号弱得可怜的信号 到达地球碟形天线的时候 by the time Voyager's pitifully weak signal reached the dishes on Earth,
它的功率只剩下 1000亿亿分之一瓦 it was just a millionth of a billionth of a watt of power.
信号在放大后转发到帕萨迪纳 It was then boosted and sent on to Pasadena,
图像在深空控制室内进行组合 where the image was assembled, here in the Deep Space Control Room.
一张独一无二的全家福 A unique family portrait,
太阳系最大的快照 the ultimate snapshot of our solar system.
就是它！ And this is it!
由于太阳的炫光遮住了水星和火星 There's actually only six planets visible,
所以实际上只能看到6颗行星 because Mercury and Mars were obscured by the sun's glare.
不过这张照片最能吸引 大家注意力的地方在于地球 But the picture that captured everybody's imagination was that of Earth,
它只有十分之一像素大小 only a tenth of a pixel in size.
这里它被放大了 And here it is blown up.
这里是马赛克 Here is the mosaic...
这张照片具有的象征意义 对卡尔·萨根来说是个礼物 For Carl Sagan, the symbolic value of the photograph was a gift.
他举行了一次新闻发布会 将它向全世界广而告之 He held a press conference to publicise it around the world.
我们已经拍摄到了行星的 全家福照片 The portrait of the planets has now been taken.
这看起来和一个点差不多大 This looks more than a dot,
实际上它连一个像素都不到 but it is in fact less than a pixel.
从这张彩照来看，它带一点蓝色 In this colour picture, you can see it is slightly blue,
这就是我们的居住之地 住在一个小蓝点上 and this is where we live, on a blue dot.
拍完这张最后的历史性照片后 With this final historic image captured,
没什么要拍的了 and nothing more to photograph,
为了节能，旅行者一号关闭了相机 Voyager 1's cameras were switched off to save power.
不过任务还没结束 But that wasn't the end of the mission.
35年以来 Over 35 years on,
它们以每秒10英里以上的速度 飞快离我们而去 as they hurtle away from us at over 10 miles a second,
它们所用的七十年代尖端技术 仍在继续正常工作 their cutting-edge 1970s technology keeps on chugging.
非同寻常的是 And remarkably,
他们仍在距地球110亿英里的 的太空中穿行 they continue to send back new information about the space
并不断发回新的太空信息 they're now travelling through, 11 billion miles from Earth.
即使信号以光速传播 Even travelling at the speed of light,
也要花好一会儿才能到达地球 their messages take quite a while to get home.
信号从旅行者一号回到地球 The journey time now is about 15 hours one way
现在要花15小时 from Voyager 1 back to Earth,
先发出信号 so you send a signal up,
第二天你回来时就知道 and the next day, you come back and you have some indication
航天器收到了信号且已响应 that the spacecraft heard the signal and responded.
目前航天器上 仍然可用的指令还有五条 There are five instruments that are still operating on the spacecraft.
当前的数据证据表明 And we're starting to see the evidence now in the data
我们正穿越星际空间 that we are crossing into interstellar space.
我们观察到的一切让我们确信 We're seeing things that would lead us to believe
我们已经在分界线上 that we are on that boundary.
在2012年底，行星探测器正 Now, at the end of 2012, our planetary explorers are crossing
穿越太阳影响范围的边界 this boundary of the sun's influence.
它们正越过太阳风的边界 They're travelling beyond the limits of our solar wind
进入前方的银河系 and into the galaxy beyond.
这是人类制造的物体 首次达到如此成就 It's the first time any object built by humans has achieved this.
人类探测的新篇章正在掀开 A new chapter in human exploration is beginning.
现有的电能足够再用十多年 We have enough power to get us to about 10 more years,
电力要到2025年才可能耗尽 不过在此期间 maybe out to 2025, but we will, over the course of those years,
必须先关闭部分设备 优先给信号发射器供电 have to turn off things so that we continue to have enough power
保证它能将数据传回地球 to run the transmitter to send the data back to Earth.
旅行者号还活着 The fact that Voyager's still alive
仍然在发送信号 and there's still a signal from it
并且它即将飞离太阳系 这太棒了 and it's about to leave the solar system, I think that's wonderful.
它自己没有放弃 或者说我们还没有放弃它 That it hasn't just given up or that we haven't given up on it.
旅行者号继续前行 体现了其存在意义 It's a tribute to what Voyager means to us that we've kept it going.
它好象一名科学家一样 依然在不停探索 Really, it's wonderful, as a scientist, to be still exploring,
依然要去往其它航天器 从没去过的地方，这实在太棒了 still going somewhere no spacecraft has been before.
从喷气推进实验室时代 接收任务起，已经持续了35年 35 years on, this one mission has seen the team at JPL age,
旅行者号与行星的多次相遇 也贯穿了这些人的一生 events in their lives running parallel to the Voyager's encounters.
我开始在旅行者号项目上工作时 我的两个女儿还小 When I started on the Voyager, my two daughters were young.
他们上大学的时候 我们已经飞过了土星 By the time they were in college, we already had passed Saturn
在去往天王星的路上 and were on our way to Uranus.
他们结婚了，旅行者号继续前进 They got married, and the Voyager just kept going,
我们有了孙辈，旅行者号仍在前行 we had grandchildren, and Voyager just kept going,
和我们的子女一样 孙辈们也已知道了 and so now our grandchildren are aware
旅行者号发生的事 of what's happening to Voyager, just like our children were.
很久以后，旅行者号能量用尽 Long after all their power has gone,
它还会继续高速远离我们 the Voyagers will continue to rush away from us.
1.5吨的七十年代工程产品 One and a half tonnes of 1970s engineering,
人类奋进和探索的丰碑 monuments to human endeavour and exploration,
向着星空飞离而去 heading out towards the stars.
我认为从现在起，还要过四万年 I believe the next encounter with the closest star
它才会和离得最近的星球 有下一次相遇 is something like 40,000 years from now.
这两艘旅行者号探测器是 至今航行得最远的航天器 The two Voyager spacecraft are the furthest that we've ever sailed,
它们拥有令人惊异的技术水平 but for all their amazing science
它们搜集了数据 它们发现了新世界 and new worlds that they've found and data that they've collected,
因此旅行者号的飞行更是 一次极具象征性任务 the Voyager mission is still an incredibly symbolic mission.
那两张金唱片依然 Because those two golden discs are still fixed
固定在每个航天器的两侧 to the sides of each spacecraft.
太空深处，空空荡荡 环境良好 And in the benign, empty environment of deep space,
它们会比金字塔存在得更久 可能比我们存在得更久 they will outlive the pyramids, they're likely to outlive us,
甚至可能比地球本身- 我们存在的唯一记录，存在得更久 and perhaps even the Earth itself - the only record of our existence.
来自地球上孩子们的问候 'Hello from the children of planet Earth.'
尽管有着远大的抱负 Yet, despite the ambition,
但在浩瀚的宇宙之中 given the vastness of space, it's almost inconceivable
两个小小的航天器被其它文明 所截获的可能性几乎为零 that these two tiny spacecraft will ever be intercepted by other beings.
这有点像朝宇宙的海洋 扔一个瓶子 It's a little bit like throwing a bottle into the cosmic ocean.
萨根很聪明，意识到了这一点 But Sagan was clever enough to realise this.
他明白，金唱片向其它文明 传达了些什么并不重要 He knew it wasn't what the golden record said to other civilisations that mattered,
它对我们自己表达了些什么 才更有意义 more significant was what it said to our own.
你可能认为 向星际空间发射个瓶中信 You might think that it is a hopelessly quixotic project
然后希望有人能找到它 to launch this message in a bottle into interstellar space
这样的方案毫无希望 又不切实际 and expect anyone will find it,
不过旅行者号唱片中的信息 but there are really two kinds of recipients of the message
确实有两类收件人 on the Voyager records.
一类是外星听众 One is the extra-terrestrial audience.
另一类听众就在这里，就在地球上 The other one is the audience down here down on Earth.
有时候我们会被突如其来 的思绪所困扰 Here is a moment when we have to suddenly think,
我们祈愿其他人所知 "What is there about our culture
并为之骄傲的文化 "that we would want others to know about,
究竟是一种怎样的存在？ "that we would be proud of?"
唱片能够代表人类物种这一整体 The record should represent the human species as an entirety.
从这个角度来看，全人类的融合 The unity of the human species, seen down here,
对人类的未来必不可少 is a fact that is essential for the human future.
音乐：彩虹之上的某个地方 歌手：以色列 卡马卡威沃尔 MUSIC: "Over The Rainbow" by Israel Kamakawiwo'ole 注：歌迷叫他IZ，夏威夷音乐 里赫赫有名的歌唱家 擅长演唱和弹奏夏威夷四弦琴，
歌词： OK this one's for Gabby Ooooo oooooo ohoohohoo Somewhere over the rainbow Way up high ...
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd