我们吃的东西在过去50年里发生的改变 Michael Pollan: The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years
比过去1万年还要多 than in the previous 10,000.
但是代表美国农耕时期的形象 But the image that's used to sell the food,
仍然被用来推销食物的 it is still the imagery of agrarian America.
在超市里,你在食物包装上看到农夫的图片 You go into the supermarket and you see pictures of farmers,
农场的围栏,粮仓 the picket fence, the silo,
还有30年代风格的农舍,和绿油油的牧草 the '30s farmhouse and the green grass.
这一切交织成了一幅田园风光的假象 It's the spinning of this pastoral fantasy.
现在,美国的超级市场 The modern American supermarket
平均有47,000种商品 has on average 47,000 products.
这些商品已经没有季节性了 There are no seasons in the American supermarket.
人们一年到头都能吃到西红柿 Now there are tomatoes all year round,
这些西红柿在地球另一边种植,还是青绿色时就采摘 grown halfway around the world, picked when it was green,
然后用乙烯催熟 and ripened with ethylene gas.
虽然它们看起来就是西红柿 Although it looks like a tomato,
但是,这只是一种表面现象 it's kind of a notional tomato.
我是说,它们只是在概念上还是西红柿而已 I mean, it's the idea of a tomato.
在肉类销售区,人们再也看不到骨头 In the meat aisle, there are no bones anymore.
这种处心积虑的掩饰 Eric Schlosser: There is this deliberate veil,
像面纱一样挡在了我们 this curtain, that's dropped between us
和食物的来源之间 and where our food is coming from.
食品工业不希望你知道 The industry doesn't want you to know the truth
各种食物背后的真相 about what you're eating,
因为一旦了解,你也许就再也不想吃了 because if you knew, you might not want to eat it.
要是你追踪一下食物的供应链条 Pollan: If you follow the food chain back
例如那些用收缩薄膜包装的肉类 from those shrink-wrapped packages of meat,
你会发现出乎意料的真相 you find a very different reality.
这些食物都是在工厂里生产的 The reality is a factory.
不是农场,而是工厂 It's not a farm. It's a factory.
这些肉类 That meat is being processed
是由大型跨国公司生产的 by huge multinational corporations
根本没有农场和农夫什么事 that have very little to do with ranches and farmers.
现在,我们的食物来自庞大的生产线 Schlosser: Now our food is coming from enormous assembly lines
这对动物和工人来说都是一种虐待 where the animals and the workers are being abused.
生产出来的食物也变得更危险 And the food has become much more dangerous
但它们的危险性却被刻意隐瞒 in ways that are being deliberately hidden from us.
整个食品供应链 Troy Roush: You've got a small group of multinational corporations
已经被少数几个跨国公司掌握 who control the entire food system.
从种子到超级市场里的食物 From seed to the supermarket,
都逐渐被它们控制 they're gaining control of food.
这已经不仅仅是关于我们吃什么了 Schlosser: This isn't just about what we're eating.
更是关于我们被允许说什么 This is about what we're allowed to say,
和我们被允许知道什么 what we're allowed to know.
“正在冒险”的已经不只是我们的健康 It's not just our health that's at risk.
这些公司不想农民说话 Carole Morison: The companies don't want farmers talking.
它们不想真相曝光 They don't want this story told.
快餐“全聚得”
来一个新鲜鸡肉制作的公司三明治怎么样? How about a nice chicken club sandwich made with fresh cooked chicken?
你知道,这是个好主意 You know, that's a nice idea
埃里克·施洛瑟：《快餐帝国》一书作者
不过,我想我最喜欢的还是 but I think what I'd really like
-来个汉堡 -好的 - is a burger. - All right.
直到现在,我最喜欢的食物 Schlosser's voice: My favorite meal to this day
还是汉堡和炸薯条 remains a hamburger and french fries.
我完全不知道,某些公司 I had no idea that a handful of companies
已经改变了我们的食物,以及这些食物的生产方式 had changed what we eat and how we make our food.
我一直以来都在吃这些食物 I've been eating this food all my life
既不知道它们从何而来 without having any idea where it comes from,
也不知道食品工业有多大的力量 any idea how powerful this industry is.
就是这种想法 And it was the idea
世界上有某些事情正被刻意隐瞒的想法 of this world deliberately hidden from us.
我想,这就是我成为一个调查记者 I think that's one of the reasons why
的原因之一 I became an investigative reporter,
就是要摘掉这层面纱 was to take the veil-- lift the veil away
摘掉掩盖着重要议题的遮羞布 from important subjects that are being hidden.
(film projector clicking)
工业化的食物生产系统 Schlosser: The whole industrial food system
其实起源于快餐 really began with fast food.
20世纪30年代 In the 1930s,
一种新型的餐馆兴起 a new form of restaurant arose
它叫"免下车餐馆" and it was called the drive-in.
麦当劳兄弟经营这一家非常成功的免下车餐馆 The McDonald brothers had a very successful drive-in,
但是他们决定要节省成本,简化流程 but they decided to cut costs and simplify.
于是他们裁掉了所有侍者 So they fired all their carhops,
又把菜单尽量简化 they got rid of most of the things on the menu
这就是他们在餐厅经营方面 and they created a revolutionary idea
的一个革命性的创新 to how to run a restaurant.
他们基本上把食品工厂 They basically brought the factory system
搬到了餐厅厨房后面 to the back of the restaurant kitchen.
他们只训练每个员工做一件事 They trained each worker to just do one thing
周而复始地做同一件事 again and again and again.
因为每个员工只需要做一件事 By having workers who only had to do one thing,
所以他们的工资很低 they could pay them a low wage
也很容易找到其他人来代替这些员工 and it was very easy to find someone to replace them.
这些食物很便宜,味道也不错 It was inexpensive food, it tasted good
从此,麦当劳快餐 and this McDonald's fast food restaurant
走上了巨大成功之路 was a huge huge success.
麦当劳兄弟
这种生产无差别 That mentality of uniformity,
而又廉价的食物的思路 conformity and cheapness
在各方面被广泛应用 applied widely and on a large scale
造成了许多意料之外的后果 has all kinds of unintended consequences.
(mooing)
当麦当劳成为了 When McDonald's is the largest purchaser
美国最大的碎牛肉买家之后 of ground beef in the United States
他们希望他们的汉堡 and they want their hamburgers
无论在哪里买的,吃起来都是一样的味道 to taste, everywhere, exactly the same,
于是他们促成了碎牛肉生产方式的变革 they change how ground beef is produced.
麦当劳公司 The McDonald's corporation
是世界上最大的马铃薯买家 is the largest purchaser of potatoes
也是下列食品的最大买家之一,包括猪肉 and one of the largest purchasers of pork,
鸡肉,西红柿,生菜,甚至苹果 chicken, tomatoes, lettuce, even apples.
这些庞大的快餐连锁店 These big big fast food chains
想要大型的供应商 want big suppliers.
实际上,现在只有几家公司 And now there are essentially a handful of companies
控制着我们的食物供应系统 controlling our food system.
在20世纪70年代,最大的5家牛肉供应商 In the 1970s, the top five beef-packers
只占有25%左右的市场份额 controlled only about 25% of the market.
到今天,最大的4家 Today, the top four
就占据了超过80%的市场份额 control more than 80% of the market.
同样的事情也发生在猪肉市场 You see the same thing happening now in pork.
即使你从不在快餐店吃东西 Even if you don't eat at a fast food restaurant,
你吃到的肉还是由这个系统 you're now eating meat that's being produced
生产的 by this system.
肉类产品上的标签 You look at the labels
总是写着农夫张三,农夫李四 and you see Farmer this, Farmer that--
但其实只有三四家公司 it's really just three or four companies
控制着肉类生产 that are controlling the meat.
历史上从来没有过规模这么庞大的食品公司 We've never had food companies this big
也没有过实力这么强大的食品公司 and this powerful in our history.
举个例子,泰森公司 Tyson, for example,
它是世界上有史以来最大的肉类供应商 is the biggest meat-packing company in the history of the world.
食品工业彻底改变了鸡的饲养 The industry changed the entire way that chicken are raised.
现在,鸡从开始饲养到宰杀 Birds are now raised and slaughtered
花的时间只是50年前的一半 in half the time they were 50 years ago,
不过它们却长到50年前的2倍大 but now they're twice as big.
人们喜欢吃白肉 People like to eat white meat,
于是食品公司通过选育和基因工程 so they redesigned the chicken
让鸡胸肉长得更大 to have large breasts.
他们不但改变了鸡 - (cheeping) - They not only changed the chicken,
还改变了鸡农 they changed the farmer.
现在的鸡农不再拥有他们饲养的鸡 Today, chicken farmers no longer control their birds.
(thudding)
像泰森这样的大公司 A company like Tyson
从小鸡孵出来就拥有它们的所有权 owns the birds from the day they're dropped off
直到它们被宰杀的时候 until the day that they're slaughtered.
(buzzes)
让我们从行业顶端开始看 Let me go to the top.
-例如鸡肉 -全国养鸡业协会 - Man: This is the Chicken-- - National Chicken Council.
养鸡业已经建立了一个榜样 The chicken industry has really set a model
·理查德洛布：美国国家养鸡业协会
一个把肉类产品的生产,处理 for the integration of production, processing
和营销整合起来的榜样 and marketing of the products
其他行业也在按这个模式运营 that other industries are now following
因为他们看到了我们获得的巨大经济效益 because they see that we have achieved tremendous economies.
从某个角度看来,我们不是在养鸡 In a way, we're not producing chickens;
我们是在生产食物 we're producing food.
这个行业已经高度商业化 It's all highly mechanized.
所以,所有从农场出来的鸡 So all the birds coming off those farms
必须差不多是一样的大小 have to be almost exactly the same size.
集约化生产系统的成果 What the system of intensive production accomplishes
就是利用少量土地 is to produce a lot of food
生产了大量食物 on a small amount of land
而且价格低廉 at a very affordable price.
试问有谁会认为这种生产方式不妥呢? Now somebody explain to me what's wrong with that.
麦克莱恩县 肯塔基州
烟草需求下降后 美国南方许多农场主转向鸡只饲养 参见：美国众议院通过烟草管理法案 烟草业遭重创
我闻起来是钱的香味 (sniffs) Smells like money to me.
文斯·爱德华兹 泰森公司签约养植者
这里有16座鸡舍 16 chicken houses sit here.
查克的儿子还有4座在山顶 And Chuck's son has four over the top of this hill.
养鸡业在这里经营 The chicken industry came in here
促进了整个社区的发展 and it's helped this whole community out.
我的鸡舍在这里 Here's my chicken houses here.
里面有大概30万只鸡 I have about 300,000 chickens.
(barks)
你想怎样? - What do you want? - (barks)
我们跟泰森签订了协议 We have a contract with Tyson.
他们已经从事养鸡业很多年了 They've been growing chickens for many many years.
这是一种科学,他们把道理弄明白了 It's all a science. They got it figured out.
如果你有办法用49天养大一只鸡 If you can grow a chicken in 49 days,
你还怎么会用3个月去养呢? why would you want one you gotta grow in three months?
你能赚到更多的钱 More money in your pocket.
(chickens clucking)
这些鸡从来没看过阳光 These chickens never see sunlight.
它们基本上就是一直在黑暗中生活 They're pretty much in the dark all the time.
文斯曾经主动答应展示鸡舍内部给我们看
但被好几个泰森公司的 代表“拜访”后，他改变了主意
你觉得他们是不是不想我们来采访? Man: So you think they just want to keep us out?
我不知道 I don't know.
如果我知道,我会告诉你的 If I knew, I'd tell you.
如果能让你们看看我们干什么,那当然好 It would be nice if y'all could see what we really do,
不过要是你们非想进去 but as far as y'all going in,
我们不会让你们那么做的 we can't let you do that.
泰森公司拒绝了本片的采访 泰森公司于2001年与美国IBP(International Beef Cooperation)公司合并 目前是是全球最大的鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉供应商及生产商， 也是最大的牛皮（盐/蓝湿皮）和猪皮生产商 宣称——其鸡肉制品是"纯天然的"
在征求了一沓农场主的意见后 只有一位同意我们拍摄鸡舍内部
我理解鸡农们不愿多说的原因 I understand why farmers don't want to talk
食品公司可以为所欲为 because the company can do what it wants to do
既然食品公司控制了一切，那我们只要能赚到钱就好 as far as pay goes since they control everything.
但是,现在的问题是 But it's just gotten to the point
卡萝尔·莫里森：裴顿世家公司签约养殖者
这种做法是错误的 that it's not right what's going on
我已经打定主意了 and I've just made up my mind.
我要把该说的话都说出来 I'm gonna say what I have to say.
我明白其他人为什么不想这样做 I understand why others don't want to do it.
不过我已经忍无可忍了 And I'm just to a point
所以也没什么的 that it doesn't matter anymore.
该说的话还是要说 Something has to be said.
不像文斯,卡萝尔仍旧使用可开窗的老式鸡舍
(loud clucking)
这里的环境变得很脏 It is nasty in here.
到处都尘土飞扬 There's dust flying everywhere.
到处都是围栏 There's feces everywhere.
这根本不是农业 This isn't farming.
只是批量生产而已 This is just mass production,
就像工厂里的生产线 like an assembly line in a factory.
(fans whirring)
这里的雏鸡从孵化 When they grow from a chick
长到5磅半重只需要7周 and in seven weeks you've got a five-and-a-half- pound chicken,
它们的骨骼和内脏 their bones and their internal organs
没法跟上这种生长速度 can't keep up with the rapid growth.
这里很多鸡只能走几步 A lot of these chickens here, they can take a few steps
然后就跌到了,因为它们的身体无法 and then they plop down. It's because they can't
支撑自身的重量 keep up all the weight that they're carrying.
(wheezes)
这太平常了 That's normal.
饲料里混合了抗生素 There's antibiotics that's put into the feed
鸡食用以后就传递给人 and of course that passes through the chicken.
细菌形成了抗药性 The bacteria builds up a resistance,
抗生素就失效了 so antibiotics aren't working anymore.
我已经对所有抗生素都过敏 I have become allergic to all antibiotics
再也不能使用抗生素了 and can't take 'em.
凌晨1点 隐秘拍摄裴顿世家公司(PERDUE)公司的装鸡工人
(clucking)
如果鸡舍里比较暗的话 Morison: When it's dark inside the houses,
鸡会比较镇静,抓它们的时候 the chickens lay down. It's less resistance
就比较不费劲 when they're being caught.
传统上,负责抓鸡的都是非裔美国人 Traditionally, it's been African-American men.
不过现在拉丁美洲人也多起来了 Now we're seeing more and more Latino catchers--
都是些非法劳工 undocumented workers.
他们觉得,自己根本没有任何权利 From their point of view, they don't have any rights
所以他们也没什么好抱怨的 and they're just not gonna complain.
公司喜欢这种工人 The companies like these kind of workers.
鸡生病了也不要紧 It doesn't matter if the chickens get sick.
所有鸡（包括病鸡）都会送到工厂里 All of the chickens will go to the plant
做加工处理（病鸡加工后也和其他鸡只一同卖给人吃） for processing.
公司之所以能够控制这些鸡农 The companies keep the farmers under their thumb
是因为他们都欠了债 because of the debt that the farmers have.
建一座鸡舍的费用 To build one poultry house
大概是28万到30万美元之间 is anywhere from $280,000 to $300,000 per house.
当你做了初始投资 And once you make your initial investment,
公司就会定期要求 the companies constantly come back
进行技术改造 with demands of upgrades
添置设备 for new equipment,
鸡农没有选择 and the grower has no choice.
他们只能按公司要求做 They have to do it
否则就会被威胁解除协议 or you're threatened with loss of a contract.
这就是他们控制鸡农的手段 This is how they keep the farmers under control.
这就是他们胁迫鸡农加大投入的手段 It's how they keep them spending money,
不断去银行贷款 going to the bank and borrowing more money.
直到债台高筑 The debt just keeps building.
对自己的生意没有发言权 To have no say in your business,
这很屈辱 it's degrading.
就像成为了公司的奴隶 It's like being a slave to the company.
裴顿世家公司(Perdue)拒绝本片采访 裴顿世家公司：美国东海岸最大的家禽企业
当卡萝尔拒绝将鸡舍升级成 “管道通风式的无光鸡舍”后，她的合约被终止了
一个典型的拥有两个养鸡场的鸡农 已经向银行借了50万美元 却一年只挣1万8千美元 （如何能还清贷款）
丰富的选择
迈克尔·波兰：《杂食动物的困境》一书作者
需要通过写一本书 Pollan: The idea that you would need to write a book
来告诉人们食物的来源 telling people where their food came from
这就标志着生产者已经和消费者隔绝了 is just a sign of how far removed we've become.
在我看来,我们理应知道更多关于我们的食物的事情 It seems to me that we're entitled to know about our food--
"谁在生产食物?是怎么生产的?" "Who owns it? How are they making it?
"我可以看一下厨房吗?" Can I have a look in the kitchen?"
当我打算了解食品工业的时候 When I wanted to understand the industrial food system,
我的初衷是很简单的 what I set about doing was very simple.
我想跟踪食物的来源 I wanted to trace the source of my food.
当你在超级市场中穿行 When you go through the supermarket,
眼前这些琳琅满目的选择其实都不存在 what looks like this cornucopia of variety and choice is not.
食品的多样性只是假象 There is an illusion of diversity.
参与生产的只有几家公司 There are only a few companies involved
也只有几种农作物 and there're only a few crops involved.
最让我惊奇的是 What really surprised me most
我追踪食物来源的轨迹 as I followed that food back to its source,
总是把我带到同一个地方 I kept ending up in the same place,
爱荷华州的一块玉米地 and that was a cornfield in Iowa.
有如此多以工业化方式生产的食物 So much of our industrial food
原来只是改头换面之后的玉米而已 turns out to be clever rearrangements of corn.
玉米以多种方式征服了世界 Corn has conquered the world in a lot of ways.
它是一种不同寻常的植物 It is a remarkable plant.
100年前,一个美国农民 100 years ago, a farmer in America
可以在1亩地里种20蒲式耳的玉米(1蒲式耳约为35.24升) could grow maybe 20 bushels of corn on an acre.
现在,200蒲式耳也不在话下 Today, 200 bushels is no problem.
这是了不起的成就 That's an astonishing achievement
里面有育种者的功劳 for which breeders deserve credit,
有化肥生产者的功劳 for which fertilizer makers deserve credit,
也有杀虫剂生产者的功劳 for which pesticide makers all deserve credit.
在今天的美国 Roush: In the United States today,
30%的耕地被用来种玉米 30% of our land base is being planted to corn.
政府政策的推动是主要原因 That's largely driven by government policy,
现行的政府政策,实际上 government policy that, in effect,
让我们能够以低于种植成本的价格销售玉米 allows us to produce corn below the cost of production.
事实上,我们即使过量生产还是能拿到补贴 The truth of the matter is we're paid to overproduce,
这其实是由于 and it was caused by
特罗伊·劳什：美国谷物种植协会副主席
大型跨国公司的利益所致 these large multinational interests.
我们的政府推广种玉米的原因就是 The reason our government's promoting corn
卡吉尔公司,ADM公司,泰森公司,史密斯菲尔德公司 the Cargills, the ADMs, Tyson, Smithfield
能通过使用廉价玉米制作食品而获利 they have an interest in purchasing corn below the cost of production.
他们用这些利益和本身拥有的庞大资本 They use that interest and that extensive amount of money they have
游说国会,发行我们现在所知的"农业票据" to lobby Congress to give us the kind of farm bills we now have.
所谓"农业票据" Pollan: A "farm bill,"
应该称为"食物票据" which should really be called a "food bill,"
为食品经济的运行定下规则 codifies the rules of the entire food economy.
农业政策的重点一直都是经济作物 Farm policy is always focused on these commodity crops
因为它们便于储存 because you can store them.
我们一直鼓励农民尽其所能种植玉米 We encourage farmers to grow as much corn as they can grow,
发展壮大,互相兼并 to get big, to consolidate.
我们按产量发放补贴 We subsidize farmers by the bushel.
我们生产大量玉米 Roush: We produced a lot of corn
他们决定怎样使用这些玉米 and they came up with uses for it.
我们掌握了改良食物的方法 Larry Johnson: We are now engineering our foods.
我们知道某些食物特殊的性质从何而来 We know where to turn to for certain traits
例如口感和味道 like mouth feel and flavor.
拉里·约翰逊 爱荷华州立大学 农作物利用研究中心
我们把这些方面都结合起来 And we bring all of these pieces together
就可以改造出新的食物 and engineer new foods
放在冰箱里不会变味的食物 that don't stale in the refrigerator,
不会腐坏的食物 don't develop rancidity.
当然,近年来最大的进步 Of course the biggest advance in recent years
莫过于高果糖含量的玉米糖浆 was high-fructose corn syrup.
信不信由你,我敢说 You know, I would venture to guess
如果你去超级市场里看看 if you go and look on the supermarket shelf,
我敢打赌,90%的食品 I'll bet you 90% of them
里面都有玉米或大豆的原料 would contain either a corn or soybean ingredient,
而且很多时候两种都有 and most of the time will contain both.
玉米产品:
番茄酱 奶酪 奶油蛋糕条 电池 花生酱 芝士饼干 沙拉汁 可乐 果冻 sweet&low 糖浆 果汁 酷爱牌饮料 木炭 纸尿片 motirn(一种消炎药) 肉制品和快餐
玉米是万能的原材料 Pollan: Corn is the great raw material.
把它富含淀粉的核 You get that big fat kernel of starch
分解然后重组 and you can break that down and reassemble it.
可以制作高果糖含量的玉米糖浆 You can make high-fructose corn syrup.
可以制作麦芽黄素 You can make maltodextrin
双甘油和黄原胶 and diglycerides and xanthan gum
还有抗坏血酸(维生素C) and ascorbic acid.
所有这些名字晦涩难懂的食品原料 All those obscure ingredients on the processed food--
都是用神奇的玉米生产的 it's remarkable how many of them can be made from corn.
而且,你还可以用它喂禽畜 Plus, you can feed it to animals.
玉米是动物饲料的主要原料 Roush: Corn is the main component in feed ingredients
鸡,猪,牛,只要你说得出都可以 whether it's chicken, hogs, cattle-- you name it.
越来越多的鱼也被喂食玉米 Pollan: Increasingly, we're feeding the corn to the fish
无论是罗非鱼还是饲养的三文鱼 whether we're eating the tilapia or the farmed salmon.
我们在教鱼怎么吃玉米 We're teaching fish how to eat corn.
正是因为我们有这么多便宜的玉米 The fact that we had so much cheap corn
肉类的价格才得以降低 really allowed us to drive down the price of meat.
我是说,每个美国人平均每年 I mean, the average American is eating over 200 lbs
吃超过200磅的肉 of meat per person per year.
如果我们没有给禽畜喂食便宜的饲料 That wouldn't be possible
根本不可能生产这么多的肉类 had we not fed them this diet of cheap grain.
由于玉米的销售价格低于成本 Since you're selling corn at below the price of production,
禽畜饲养者可以买到 the feedlot operator can buy corn
价格仅为种植成本一部分的玉米 at a fraction of what it costs to grow,
因此在美国中西部的农场里 so that all the animals are sucked off
家禽家畜才可以吃得饱 of all the farms in the Midwest.
美国已经建立起了 There is a spiderweb
全国性的铁路和公路网络 of roads and train tracks
用于把玉米从原产地 all around the country moving corn
运送到这些集约式禽畜饲养场 from where it's being grown to these CAFOs.
CAFO：集约化牲畜养殖经营
牛原本不是吃玉米的 Cows are not designed by evolution to eat corn.
而是吃草的 They're designed by evolution to eat grass.
我们用玉米喂牛 And the only reason we feed them corn
迈克尔·波兰 《杂食动物的困境》 一书作者
只是因为玉米实在便宜 is because corn is really cheap
而且可以让牛长得快 and corn makes them fat quickly.
艾伦·特伦克尔：反刍动物营养专家 爱荷华州立大学
你把手伸到哪里? Man: Where are you putting your hand?
这是瘤胃 I'm actually inside the rumen--
牛4个胃的第一个 that first compartment of the stomach.
这是 And it's--
不对 it's not--
不是很容易看得到 it's kind of hard to see.
你可以看到这些液体 You can see the liquid part here.
哇 Man: Wow.
-这会对牛造成伤害吗? -不会的 - Does that hurt the cow? - No.
瘤胃里有微生物 There's microorganisms--
还有细菌,数量很多 bacteria in the rumen, millions of 'em.
牛的胃部构造 The animals evolved
是为了消化草而形成的 on consuming grass.
有部分研究表明 There's some research that indicates
玉米为主的饲料,会造成 that a high-corn diet results in
抗酸的埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌增加 E. coli that are acid-resistant.
这些细菌的危害性变得更大 And these would be the more harmful E. coli.
因此,用玉米喂牛 Pollan: So you feed corn to cattle
使得这种常见细菌逐渐进化 and E. coli, which is a very common bug, evolves,
发生某些变异 a certain mutation occurs
导致"O157-H7型埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌" and a strain called the "E. coli 0157:h7"
这个新的细菌种群在全球出现 appears on the world stage.
这是饲养场用玉米喂牛导致的后果 And it's a product of the diet we're feeding cattle on feedlots
也是这种经营方式导致的后果 and it's a product of feedlot life.
这些家畜整天站在 The animals stand ankle deep
深及脚踝的粪便里 in their manure all day long.
只要一头牛感染了 So if one cow has it,
其他牛也会感染 the other cows will get it.
当它们被送去屠宰时 When they get to the slaughterhouse,
粪便粘它们的皮肤上 their hides are caked with manure.
而如果屠宰场每天 And if the slaughterhouse is slaughtering
宰杀400头牛 400 animals an hour,
又怎么能保证屠宰好的肉上 how do you keep that manure
不会沾上粪便呢? from getting onto those carcasses?
肉类就是这样被粪便污染 And that's how the manure gets in the meat.
这些本不该在世上存在的东西 And now this thing that wasn't in the world
就存在于食品供应系统里 is in the food system.
无意识的后果
快餐的噩梦还可以更可怕 A fast-food nightmare may be getting worse.
今天,西雅图一个2岁儿童死亡 A two-year-old child died today in Seattle.
原因?"惊奇杰克"餐馆的汉堡里被污染的肉 And the killer? Tainted meat from Jack In The Box hamburgers.
今天,全国召回 A nationwide recall today
超过140吨的碎牛肉 for more than 140 tons of ground beef.
50万磅的碎牛肉 Man: A half a million pounds of ground beef--
今天,全国召回康那格拉公司生产的碎牛肉 Man #2: Today, nationwide recalls of Con Agra ground beef.
埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌不止在碎牛肉里 Schlosser: E. coli isn't just in ground beef now--
也出现在菠菜和苹果汁里 it's been found in spinach, apple juice--
这都是源自工厂式农场的副产品 and this is really because of the runoff from our factory farms.
90宗确诊的埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌中毒病例 90 confirmed cases of E. coli poisoning.
源头都是包装菠菜 Central to it all-- raw, bagged spinach.
这是过去10年内第20宗 Man #3: This is the 20th E. coli outbreak with leafy greens
蔬菜导致的埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌爆发 in just the last decade.
在布什政府执政期间 Schlosser: For years during the Bush administration,
美国的农业部长 the chief of staff at the USDA
一直由牛肉工业 was the former chief lobbyist
派驻华盛顿的主要说客担任 to the beef industry in Washington;
美国食品及药物管理局的局长 the head of the F.D.A. was the former executive vice president
曾是全国食品加工业协会的副会长 of the National Food Processors Association.
这些监管机构 These regulatory agencies
已经被那些它们应该监管的 are being controlled by the very companies
公司控制在股掌之间了 that they're supposed to be scrutinizing.
康那格拉公司最近曾召回 Woman: ConAgra, which recently recalled peanut butter
被沙门氏菌污染的花生酱 contaminated with salmonella,
其实2年前它已经发现厂房被污染 was aware of problems in its plant two years ago.
1972年，FDA(Food and Drug Administration) 美国食品药物管理局“主刀” 进行了大约５万次的食品安全检测 而2006年，仅仅做了9164次
食物中毒由来已久 Schlosser: There's always been food poisoning.
当更多的科技 As more and more technology
被用于食品生产过程 is being applied to the production of food,
你可能会期待食品变得更安全 you would think it would be getting safer,
而不是更危险 not more contaminated.
但是食品加工厂规模越来越大 But the processing plants have gotten bigger and bigger.
为有害微生物的感染 it's just perfect for taking bad pathogens
和传播提供了极佳环境 and spreading them far and wide.
被召回的冷藏汉堡肉 Woman: The recall of frozen hamburger now includes
已经累计有2200万磅 22 million pounds.
足够为每一个美国成年人 Enough meat to make a fast-food hamburger
制作一个快餐汉堡了 for every adult in America is being recalled.
在20世纪70年代 Schlosser: In the 1970s, there were literally thousands
美国有上千家屠宰场 of slaughterhouses in the United States.
现在我们只有13家 Today we have 13 slaughterhouses
负责处理大部分 that process the majority of beef
在美国出售的牛肉 that is sold in the United States.
今天,一个汉堡 The hamburger of today,
里面夹的那块碎牛肉饼 it has pieces of thousands of different cattle
包含有来自上千只牛的碎肉 ground up in that one hamburger patty.
这些牛之中的一只感染了有害微生物的可能性 The odds increase exponentially that one of those animals
呈指数上升 was carrying a dangerous pathogen.
当你仔细观察 It's remarkable how toothless
你会发现我们的监管机构是多么无能 our regulatory agencies are when you look closely at it,
食品工业就希望它们是这样 and that's how the industry wants it.
华盛顿 让我们来见识美国政府 对待百姓生命的冷血以及袒护大公司的官僚做派
那边就是农业部大楼 Patricia Buck: This is the USDA building up here.
乔希有没有说我们有多长时间 Did Josh say how much time he thought we'd get?
芭芭拉·科瓦希克：食品安全倡议者
-5分钟吧 -5分钟 - Five minutes. - Five minutes.
嗯,也许有15分钟,一定要准时去见面 Well, maybe as much as 15. Got to be on time for that meeting.
-4点钟开始 -好的 - It starts a 4:00. - Okay.
帕特里夏·巴克 食品安全倡议者芭芭拉的母亲
当我开始这样做 So if I start going like that
或者把纸张乱叠在一起, 就是说时间到了,我知道,时间到了 or start shuffling papers, it's time. I know, it's time.
谢谢!谢谢 Thank you! Thank you.
我是一个注册的共和党人 Kowalcyk: I'm a registered Republican.
一直以来都相当保守 I've always been fairly conservative.
我不敢想像我会做这样的事 I never thought I would be doing this
我也不敢想像我会和我妈妈 and I certainly never thought I would be
一起工作 working so closely with my mom.
我们走这边?好的 -是,走这边 We go this way? Okay. - Yes, we go this way.
走错了,我想我们该走那边 Made a mistake-- I think that's the way we want to go.
我和妈妈的关系 Kowalcyk: My mom and I, our relationship has
已经上升到一个新的层面了 taken on a whole new dimension.
2421房间? 2421房间 2421? 2421.
我们到了 Here we are.
-你好 -你好 - Hi. - Hello.
-你好吗? -我叫帕蒂 - How are you? - I'm Pat.
-帕蒂,你好 -我是巴布·科瓦希克 - Hi, Pat. - Barb Kowalcyk.
-巴布,你好 -在第一次施加压力 - Hi, Barb. - DeGette: After the first big push
以求建立食品安全制度之后,人们开始松懈了 to establish food standards, people just got complacent.
戴安娜·迪吉特 科罗拉多州议员
我们减少了食品及药物管理局的资金投入 We reduced funding for the FDA.
我们越来越依赖于 We've relied increasingly
食品工业的自我约束 on self-policing for all of these industries.
结果这个系统 And now we just have, really,
现在终于失控了 lost our system.
你的确是促进食品安全的先行者之一 You're really one of the champions on the hill
食品安全是很重要的事务 for food safety and it's a very important cause.
这是关乎我和我的家庭的事情 It's very personal to me and my family.
我们6年前开始食品安全的宣传工作 Our food safety advocacy work started six years ago
因为那时我2岁半的儿子凯文 when my two-and- a-half-year-old son Kevin
感染了O157-H7型埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌 was stricken with E. coli 0157:h7
一个英俊的小男孩 and went from being a perfectly healthy
就这样告别人世 beautiful little boy--
我今天带来了一张照片 and I have a small picture with me today
是他患病前2周拍的 that was taken two weeks before he got sick.
他在12天之内就病死了 He went from that to being dead in 12 days.
2001年7月 In July 2001,
我们全家去度假 our family took a vacation.
如果我们知道家里有什么在等待我们 Had we known what was in store for us,
我们绝不会回家 we would have never gone home.
在他生病前,我们自己做了3个汉堡来吃 We ended up eating three hamburgers before he got sick.
然后凯文开始腹泻,便中带血 We started to see blood in Kevin's diarrhea,
于是我们把他送到急诊室 so we took him to the emergency room.
医生们说 And they said, "We've gotten
他的粪便培养物化验结果出来了 the culture back from Kevin's stool,
他患的是出血性埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌感染 and he has hemorrhagic E. coli."
他们后来又告诉我们 They came in and informed us
凯文的肾脏功能开始衰竭 that Kevin's kidneys were starting to fail.
他接受了第一次的血液透析 Kevin received his first dialysis treatment.
他不能喝水 He was not allowed to really drink water.
我们只能用小块海绵 We had these little sponges
泡在一杯水里 and we were allowed to dip that into a cup of water
然后把海绵给他 and then give him that.
让他从海绵里吸水 He bit the head off of one of them.
你一定没见过谁这样哀求 You've never seen someone beg.
他求我们给他水喝,他只想喝点水 He begged for water. It was all he could talk about.
医生们不允许任何人带饮料进病房 They wouldn't let anybody bring any beverage into the room
因为,我是说,凯文最想做的就是喝水 because-- I mean, it was all he would talk about,
只是喝水而已 was... water.
(waves lapping)
我不知道他能不能了解发生在自己身上的这些事 I don't know if he knew what was happening to him...
我希望,我真的不知道 and I hope-- I don't know.
一个健康漂亮的儿童 To watch this beautiful child go
在12天之内急病而亡 from being perfectly healthy to dead in 12 days--
让人难以置信的是 it was just unbelievable
这只是因为他吃了被污染的食物 that this could happen from eating food.
让我们更感到悲伤的是 What was kind of adding more insult to injury--
我们差不多花了2到3年 it took us almost two or three years
还雇了一个私人律师 and hiring a private attorney
才发现原来我们吃的肉属于被召回的批次 to actually find out that we matched a meat recall.
到了8月1日,我儿子已经在住院 On August 1st, my son was already in the hospital.
食品公司在厂房检测出了埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌 They did an E. coli test at the plant that was positive.
可是,他们直到8月27日 They didn't end up recalling that meat
才宣布召回 until August 27th,
是他死后16天 16 days after he died.
我相信我们会举行更多的听证会,希望到时候 If we have some more hearings-- which I'm sure we will--
你们会来作证 I'd love to have you come and testify.
-要继续争取 -谢谢你,也谢谢你 - Keep fighting. - Thank you. You too.
对自己孩子的死亡是无法释怀的 Kowalcyk: You never get over the death of your child.
即使你能适应新的生活常态 You find a new normal.
-走这边吗? -是的 - Buck: This way? - Yes.
-我们走这边? -嗯 - We're going this way? - Mm-hmm.
我们相信政府 Kowalcyk: We put faith in our government
会保护我们 to protect us,
但即使在最基本的层面上 and we're not being protected
我们都没有得到保护 at a most basic level.
自1998年起,美国农业部出台了针对 In 1998, the USDA implemented microbial testing
沙门氏菌和O157-H7型 埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌的微生物检测制度 for salmonella and E. coli 0157:h7.
这种制度规定,如果有厂房反覆多次无法通过检测 The idea was that if a plant repeatedly failed these tests,
农业部就会以持续性的食品污染问题为由 that the USDA would shut the plant down
要求这个厂房停产 because they obviously had an ongoing contamination problem.
肉类和家禽业协会 The meat and poultry associations
马上起诉农业部 immediately took the USDA to court.
法庭初步裁定 The courts basically said
农业部没有权力 the USDA didn't have the authority
要求厂房停产 to shut down the plants.
这就意味着 What it meant was that
你购买的一磅肉类或者家禽制品 you could have a pound of meat or poultry products
其实是沙门氏菌的培养皿 that is a petri dish of salmonella
农业部对此却束手无策 and the USDA really can't do anything about it.
为了应对这个问题,起草了一个新的法案 A new law was introduced in direct response
这个法案被称为"凯文法案" and this law became known as Kevin's Law.
凯文法案将会把关闭“持续不断生产污染肉类的工厂” 的权力还给USDA(美国农业部)
法案目的明确,内容也清晰明了 It seems like such a clear-cut, common sense type thing.
-事情进行的怎么样? -不错,还行 - How are things going? - Fine fine.
我们努力了6年 Kowalcyk: We've been working for six years
法案还是没有获得通过 and it still hasn't passed.
我觉得这次有机会 I sense that there may be
而且是很大的机会 an opportunity-- an enhanced opportunity--
让法案获得通过 to get this signed into law this time.
我认为从消费者的角度看来 I think that from the standpoint of the consumer,
很多人会支持这种想法 a lot of people would support the idea
通过多付一点点的钱,让自己的食品 of paying a little more if they could be guaranteed
获得更高的安全保证 a higher standard of safety.
-对 -不过我也知道 - Kowalcyk: Yeah. - But I also know
有其他的人 that there are other players
-食品生产工业的人 -我们知道 - in the food production chain... - Kowalcyk: We know.
-对此事感到如坐针毡 ...that tend to worry about that,
因为这样做会增加他们的成本 because it's gonna be seen as an add-on to their costs.
我想,我们的优势是 I think the advantage here is--
人们有时的确觉得食品工业 Kowalcyk: Sometimes it does feel like
受到的保护比我儿子还要多 industry was more protected than my son.
这就是我投身食品安全宣传事务的原因 That's what motivated me to become an advocate.
仅仅在过去1年里 In the past year alone, there have been
就有多宗食物导致的疫症爆发 a multitude of food-borne illness outbreaks
造成了重大损失 which have resulted in significant losses.
显然,我们现有的 Clearly our current approach
监管和保护食品安全的手段 to food oversight and protection
还不能满足美国家庭的需求 is not meeting the needs of American families.
每次讲述凯文的故事都让我很伤心 It's really hard for me to tell Kevin's story.
但是,只有把这个故事讲出来 But the only way I'm going to be able
才可以让其他人的家庭 to prevent it from happening to other people
避免发生这样的悲剧 is to go out there and speak about it.
那天两例大肠杆菌事件发生
对 Yeah.
7个感染者都是小学生,其中有2个是兄弟 Six are elementary school students, one is a sibling,
另一个镇上还有1个 and there's another one in another county
在肯塔基州,这样的话 in Kentucky, so...
从我儿子去世算起 Kowalcyk: It will be seven years
到现在已经7年了 since my son died.
我希望食品公司做的 All I wanted the company to do
只是说一句"我们很抱歉 was say "We're sorry.
我们的产品受到污染 We produced this defective product
导致您儿子的死亡,我们以后 that killed your child, and this is what
将建立更安全的生产流程以避免这样的事情再次发生" we're going to do to make sure it doesn't happen again."
我们的要求就是这样 That's all we wanted,
可他们连这么简单的要求也无法满足 and they couldn't give us that.
工业化的食品生产和供应系统 Pollan: The industrial food system is always looking
总是追求更高效率,但是对效率的追求 for greater efficiency, but each new step in efficiency
却总是引发问题 leads to problems.
只要你停止给牛喂食玉米 If you take feedlot cattle off of their corn diet,
让它们吃上5天的草 give them grass for five days,
它们就会排出消化道里80%的埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌 they will shed 80% of the E. coli in their gut.
但是食品工业却没有这样做 But of course that's not what the industry does.
当出现这种系统性的问题 The industry's approach is--
食品工业的应对方法 when it has a systematic problem like that--
不是仔细检查系统本身出现了什么问题 is not to go back and see what's wrong with the system,
而是使用科技,对系统进行修补,好让它继续存在 it's to come up some high-tech fixes that allow the system to survive.
内布拉斯加州南苏城的"牛肉产品公司"(BPI)
这是5x5产品缓冲罐 Man: The 5x5 product surge tank--
低水平,低水平 low level. Low level.
(man speaks over radio)
这是我们的操作中心 Eldon Roth: This is our operations center.
我们在这里控制所有厂房 We control all of our plants from here.
芝加哥的厂房?在这里 Where's Chicago? Here's Chicago,
还有乔治亚州,犹他州,堪萨斯州 Georgia, Utah, Kansas,
内布拉斯加州,德克萨斯州,洛杉矶,俄亥俄州 Nebraska, Texas, L.A., Ohio.
我们控制变速箱的档位 We control all levels of the gearboxes,
发动机的速度 the speed of motors--
埃尔登·罗斯 BPI创始人
我们可以在这里控制一切 we can change those all from here.
我们建造的这个操作中心 We built something that--
从食品安全的角度来看 from a food-safety standpoint,
是领先其他同业的 we think we're ahead of everybody.
我想,我们可以减少 We think we can lessen the incidents
O157-H7型埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌污染事件 of E. coli 0157:h7.
(beeps)
不过我才刚开始在生产过程使用氨气 But I just started working with ammonia
和氨水 and ammonia hydroxide.
氨能消除细菌 Ammonia kills bacteria,
因此被用在肉类处理过程中 so it became a processing tool.
我其实是个机械师 I'm really a mechanic.
那才是我的工作 That's really what I am.
我们自行设计生产设备 We design our own machinery.
(whirring)
这就是我们的产品 Roth: This is our finished product.
最终的产品 被可以杀死埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌(E.coli.)的氨水 清洗过的汉堡夹心肉类填充物
你们的肉类被用在美国大多数的汉堡里吗? Man: Is your meat in most of the hamburgers in the country?
70%吧 Roth: 70%.
我们觉得5年内可以增长到100% In five years, we think we'll be in 100%.
虽然我们有竞争者 We do have some competitors.
不过我们可以弄死他们 I think we're gonna beat them.
我重申,这就是 - (buzzes) - Roth: Again, it's a marriage
科学和技术的联合 of science and technology.
(man speaking over radio)
美元菜单
我要1美元的特惠食品 I want dollar meal--
-5个牛仔吉士汉堡 -5个牛仔堡,好的 - five rodeo cheeseburgers... - Woman: Five rodeos. Okay.
两个鸡肉三明治 ...two chicken sandwich.
-还要别的吗? -2杯小号饮料 - Woman: Anything else? - Man: Two small drinks,
还有1杯大号胡椒博士汽水 and give me a large Dr. Pepper.
-11块4毛8 -谢谢 - $11.48. - Thank you.
请在1号窗取食物,谢谢 First window. Thank you.
我们以前不会想到什么是健康餐饮 Maria Gonzalez: We didn't even think about healthy eating
因为我们觉得吃什么都是健康的 because we used to think everything was healthy.
-这是您点的食物 -谢谢 - Here you go. - Thank you.
-祝您有愉快的一天 -你也是,谢谢 - Have a nice day. - You too. Thank you very much.
现在我才知道 Maria: Now that I know that the food is
这些食物是不健康的 really unhealthy for us,
我为让我的孩子吃这样的食物而愧疚 I feel guilty giving it to my kids.
但是我们6点下班,没有时间自己做饭 But we don't have time to cook because we leave at 6:00.
我们一般要9点或者10点才到家 We don't get home until 9:00, 10:00 at night.
当你只能花1美元 When you have only a dollar to spend
去喂饱2个孩子 and you have two kids to feed,
你要么去市场 either you go to the market
试着买点便宜的食物 and try to find something that's cheap
要么就开车到免下车餐馆 or just go straight through a drive-thru
买两个小汉堡给他们 and get two small hamburgers for them
"好了,就吃这个吧" and "Okay, here. Eat them."
玛丽亚·安德烈娅·冈萨雷斯
吃这个可以饱肚 This is what's gonna fill her up,
同样的钱在市场只能买到一种食物 not that one single item at the market.
看看这些花椰菜 Look at the broccoli.
太贵了,天啊 It's too expensive, man.
-那你想吃什么呢? -这个吧,妈妈 - What do you want to eat then? - Mama.
先看看1磅有多少吧 First check to see how many are there for a pound.
-嗯,我们不买这个了 -为什么? - Uh, we're not getting it. - Why not?
你只能吃到两三个 You'd only get two or three.
-噢,买嘛 -哎 - No. Come on. - Aww!
我们可以买到廉价的糖果 Maria: We can find candy that's cheaper.
廉价的炸薯片 We can find chips that are cheaper.
苏打汽水也很便宜 The sodas are really cheap.
当你看着超市里卖的蔬菜,你会说 Sometimes you look at a vegetable and say
"看看,买这些蔬菜的价钱" "Okay, we can get two hamburgers over here
"足够我在别处买2个汉堡了" for the same amount of price."
为什么你可以在麦当劳 Pollan: Why is it that you can buy
用99美分买到一个双层吉士汉堡? a double-cheeseburger at McDonald's for 99cents,
在市场用同样的钱却买不到一个花椰菜? and you can't even get a head of broccoli for 99cents?
-你想要个小的吗? -我们的饮食已经陷入了误区 - You want the small one? - We've skewed our food system
习惯了食用不健康的食物 to the bad calories
这不是一个意外 and it's not an accident.
我是说,这些不健康的食物之所以能卖得这么便宜 I mean, the reasons that those calories are cheaper is
是因为我们一直在补贴它们的供应商 （而补贴是来自于美国老百姓交纳的税款 却被用来补贴本来就十分富有的大公司） because those are the ones we're heavily subsidizing.
这也是和我们现行的农业经营模式 And this is directly tied to the kind of agriculture
以及农业政策 that we're practicing
直接相关的 and the kind of farm policies we have.
所有这些高热量的零食 All those snack-food calories are
都是用经济作物生产出来的 the ones that come from the commodity crops--
包括小麦,玉米 from the wheat, from the corn
还有大豆 and from the soybeans.
这些不健康的食品如此廉价 By making those calories really cheap,
使得最有可能受过度肥胖困扰的人群 that's one of the reasons that the biggest predictor
就是工薪阶层 of obesity is income level.
纵观人类历史 Over the course of human history,
我们一直不懈努力 we were struggling to make sure we had
就是为了让大部分人 enough food and enough calories
能够吃得饱 for a sizable percentage of the human race.
现在问题反而是他们太饱了 Now the problem is too many calories.
食品工业把过度肥胖 The industry blames obesity
归咎于人们忽视自身健康的生活方式 on a crisis of personal responsibility.
但是,当食品工业改造食物时 But when you're engineering foods
也按下了"改变人们健康体质"的按钮 you are pressing our evolutionary buttons.
实际上,人类生来 The fact is we're hardwired
就偏好三种食物的味道 to go for three tastes--
盐,脂肪,还有糖 salt, fat and sugar.
这些东西在大自然里很稀少 These things are very rare in nature
现在,我们随时可以获得糖 Now sugar is available 24/7
大量的糖 in tremendous quantities.
我们现在每年摄入上百磅的糖 We're eating hundreds of pounds of the stuff a year.
这些由高果糖玉米糖浆 This diet of high-fructose corn syrup
和高纯度碳水化合物组成的食物 and refined carbohydrates
导致人体分泌的胰岛素激增 leads to these spikes of insulin
人体的糖类代谢系统 and, gradually, a wearing down of the system
就这样逐渐崩溃了 by which our body metabolizes sugar.
我丈夫有糖尿病 Maria: My husband's diabetic.
让我担忧的是 One of my main concerns is
他可能会失明 he could lose his sight.
他的病不时发作,例如颤抖 He does get into-- sometimes he's shaking,
所以我很担心他会逐渐失去驾驶能力 so I'm afraid that he's gonna start not being able to drive,
因为这是他的职业 'cause that's what he does for a profession.
医药费也是很重的负担 We have to consider his medicine.
这是什么? 70美元? What is it, $70?
关于美国医药界的黑幕， 请见迈克尔·摩尔（MIAHCAEL MOORE）的纪录片《精神病人 SICKO》
50片药要130美元 50 pills costs me about $130.
他同时服用2种药 Maria: But he's on two different types of pills.
这一种要100多块 $100-and-something for one pill
另一种也要100多块 and then $100- and-something for another.
我们很大一部分收入花在了药物上 That takes a lot of our income away.
我们被搞得手头很紧 We're really tight from either
无论是爲了他的病花钱买药 paying for his medicine to be healthy
还是买蔬菜吃而获得健康 or buying vegetables to be healthy.
我们该怎么选择呢? (买药，药价太贵 而不买药买菜吃，菜价又太贵) So which one should we do?
看见爸爸因为糖尿病而受苦让我很不好过 It's hard to see my dad suffer with diabetes
青少年健康宣传组织
还有随之而来的事情 and stuff like that.
我姐姐也可能会患上糖尿病,这让我更伤心 And it's really sad to see that my sister might have it.
我们的生活方式 There's something that's going on
罗莎·索托 加州公共健康宣传中心
一定是出了什么问题 in the way that we live our lives,
我们的娱乐,我们买食物的地方 where we play, where we buy our food
还有我们能买到的食物 and the types of food that we're able to buy
都是造成这种流行病的原因 that is causing this epidemic.
这种情况不只出现在我们的社区 It's not just our community.
也不只是鲍德温公园区,到处都是 It's not just Baldwin Park. It's everywhere.
我们之中有多少人 How many of us know one person
有1个家庭成员有糖尿病? in our family with diabetes?
有2个? How about two?
有3个? 先不要放下手 Three? Keep your hand--
2型糖尿病 (人体对胰岛素敏感性下降导致的高血糖) It used to be that type 2 diabetes
曾经只是成人才会患上 only affected adults.
现在,它在儿童中也成了流行病 And now it's affecting children at epidemic proportions.
每3个2000年后出生的美国人 就有1个会较早罹患糖尿病
而对于美国的少数族裔 比率是每2个就有1个 因为他们更穷，没钱买菜吃 只能吃便宜的快餐，所以也更容易患上糖尿病
(birds chirping)
位于弗吉尼亚谢南多厄河山谷的“聚合面农场”
(chickens clucking)
在现代的工业化农业生产中 Joel Salatin: Everything we've done
我们所做的一切 in modern industrial agriculture
就是为了农产品长得更快,更肥,更大,更便宜 is to grow it faster, fatter, bigger, cheaper.
没人思考埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌、 Nobody's thinking about E. coli,
2型糖尿病,还有我们整个系统的 type 2 diabetes and the ecological health
生态健康问题 of the whole system.
我们现在 We're outsourcing
把独立的农业生产决策假手于人 autonomous farmer decision making--
乔尔·萨拉汀：聚合面农场的主人
让千里之外某个大城市的食品公司董事会 we're outsourcing that to corporate boardrooms
掌握决策权 in big cities 1,000 miles away
这些做决定的人 where people make decisions and don't live
无需面对这些决定造成的后果 with the consequences of those decisions.
(cows mooing)
这里每件事都离不开草 Everything is grass based.
你知道,这些牛不吃玉米 You know, they don't eat corn, dead cows
也不吃死牛和鸡粪制成的饲料 可食品公司就是给它们喂这些东西 （完全违背和破坏了自然伦理） or chicken manure like they feed right here in the valley--
还有死鸡制成的饲料 or dead chickens.
它们生来就吃青草,或者干草料 They actually eat grass, forage--
还有苜蓿,其他牧草之类 you know, clover, grass, herbs.
它们是草食动物 They're herbivores.
要是你给它们吃玉米 If they were eating corn,
你还要费劲收割玉米,运输玉米 you're gonna have to harvest that corn, transport that corn,
然后还要把它们的粪便 then you're gonna have to haul all that manure somewhere
运到别的地方处理 that comes out the back end.
就是这里 Here... it's--
事情就是这样的 there-- there is the whole thing.
看,这些牛就是在给牧草施肥 I mean the cow is-- she's fertilizing.
同时也在割草,我们不需要处理牛粪 She's mowing. We don't have to spread any manure.
我们也不需要收割牧草,它们自己就可以做到 We don't have to harvest it-- she's harvesting it.
全部都是随时随地的"阳光美元" (这一切都是自然和谐的必然结果) It's all real time-- real solar dollars.
工业化的食物生产过程 The industrial food system
逐渐变得喧哗嘈杂和臭气熏天 gradually became so noisy, smelly,
工作环境是如此恶劣 not a person-friendly place,
在那里工作的工人们 that the people who operate those plants
都不想其他人踏足这些工厂 don't want anybody to go there,
因为人们会发现这些丑陋不堪的真相 because then people would see the ugly truth.
一旦人们得知真相 When that occurred,
食品工业的诚信 then we lost all the integrity
和人们对它的信任就会完全崩塌 and all the accountability in the food system.
如果我们给食品公司的 If we put glass walls
生产车间全部装上玻璃墙 on all the megaprocessing facilities,
我们就会有一个完全不同的食品生产系统 (食品工业如果全部透明化， 就不会有这么多肮脏丑恶了，人们吃的东西就会干净许多) we would have a different food system in this country.
(knife zinging)
太残忍了，此段少儿不宜
其实是我们让自己 Salatin: We have allowed ourselves
变得这么麻木不仁 to become so disconnected and ignorant
表现在与我们所吃的食物 - about something that is as intimate... - (whirring)
密切相关的一些方面 - ...as the food that we eat. - (bubbling)
外面的世界是多么不同 What a difference this is to be out here
空气清新,阳光灿烂 in the fresh air, sunshine,
鸟语花香,不是吗? birds singing in the trees, you know?
但是,根据农业部的标准 But you see, according to the U.S.D.A,
这是不卫生的 this is unsanitary
因为这是开放的环境 because it's open to the air.
农业部曾经要求我们停业 They tried to close us down.
他们向我们摊牌 One of the biggest showdowns we had was
以环境不卫生为由 when they tried to close us down
要求我们停业 because this was unsanitary.
你能想像吗? Can you imagine?
然后我们把几个样本送到当地一个微生物实验室 So we had them cultured at a local microbiology lab.
我们的样本平均菌落形成指数是133 Ours averaged 133 C.F.U.
而商店里买到的肉类样本 and the ones from the store
指数是3600 averaged 3600.
当然了,商店里的肉都用清洁剂洗过无数次了 Of course, those have been through 40 trillion baths.
我们的肉根本就没接触过氯 Ours haven't seen any chlorine.
很多人都问"你说的是真的吗?" A lot of people wonder "Is this real?"
"你们生产的肉类真的可以满足需求?" "I mean, can you really feed the world?"
这完全是一个似是而非的问题 That whole thing is such a specious argument
因为,我敢保证 because, yes,
我们的生产效率也很高 we're every bit as efficient,
而且我们这里没有 especially if you plug in
工业化生产过程中那些影响效率的因素 all of the inefficiencies of the industrial system.
我曾经见过有些来农贸市场的人 I've had people come up at farmer's markets
他们会说"什么?3美元一打鸡蛋?" and say "What? $3 a dozen for eggs?"
他们当时喝的是75美分一罐的苏打汽水 And they're drinking a 75 cent can of soda.
你好啊,肥猪,还有小猪 Hey, pig. Hey, piggles.
(snorting)
看这肥猪 Hey, pigs.
我常常觉得惊讶的是 I'm always struck by how successful we have been
我们总可以把错事做到极致 at hitting the bull's-eye of the wrong target.
我是说,例如 I mean we have learned-- for example,
我们从养牛中学到的 in cattle we have learned how to--
是关于怎么耕种 how to plant,
施肥和收割的技术 fertilize and harvest corn
甚至还用到了全球卫星定位系统 using global positioning satellite technology,
偏偏就没有人反省一下 and nobody sits back and asks
"我们应该给牛喂玉米吗?" "But should we be feeding cows corn?"
我们的生活已经技术化了 We've become a culture of technicians.
我们只关注 We're all into--
只关注怎样去做一件事 we're all into the how of it
没有人会扪心自问 and nobody's stepping back
"为什么要做这件事?" and saying "But why?"
(laughs)
我觉得,如果一个文明社会 I mean, a culture that just views a pig
只会把一头猪看作是一堆没有生命的肉 as a pile of protoplasmic inanimate structure
一堆可以让人类把各种所谓创新的念头 to be manipulated by whatever creative design
毫无顾忌地加诸其上的肉 that humans can foist on that critter
那这个社会 will probably view
对待自身内部的人民 individuals within its community
和其他共存的文明 and other cultures in the community of nations
也会采取相同的态度 with the same type of disdain,
就是不敬 disrespect
和妄图控制一切的态度 and controlling-type mentality.
位于北卡罗莱纳州塔希尔的史密斯菲尔德猪肉加工厂
世界上最大的屠宰场
(snorting)
这个厂房位于 The town where the plant is located
一个叫塔希尔的小镇 is a small town called Tar Heel
这一带都是经济很落后的地方 in the middle of a very economically-depressed area.
爱德华多·佩纳：工会组织者
史密斯菲尔德公司 Smithfield has mastered
已经掌握了怎样挑选出 the art of picking and choosing
可以被压榨的劳动力 a workforce that they can exploit,
最初是当地人 initially from the local workforce--
贫穷的白人和贫穷的黑人 the poor whites, the poor black.
他们很快就榨干了当地的劳动力 They went through that workforce very quickly.
现在,他们得用大客车 Now they have to bus their workers
接送工人从南卡罗来纳州的丹斯维尔 all the way from Dentsville, South Carolina,
到北卡罗来纳州的克林顿上班 to Clinton, North Carolina.
从这里画一个半径50英里的圆圈 You have to draw a circle 100 miles in diameter,
工厂的工人就是从这个区域雇来的 and that's where all of your workers are coming from.
由工人身上的隐藏摄像机拍摄
食品公司对待工人的态度 Man: They have the same mentality towards workers
就像对待猪的态度一样 as they do towards the hogs.
(squealing)
你知道,公司其实不关心猪是不是过得舒服 Man: You know, the hog, they don't really have to worry about their comfort
因为它们的存在是暂时的,终有一天会送去屠宰 because they're temporary. They're gonna be killed.
他们就是这样对待工人的 And they have the same viewpoint to the worker.
公司不关心员工的健康和寿命 You're not worried about the longevity of the worker
因为在他们看来,一切都有个终结 because, to them, everything has an end.
屠杀区域——每天要屠杀32000头猪
卡哒声、轰鸣声、惨叫声 - (clicks, whirring) - (squealing)
这些工厂每小时要处理2000头猪 Man: When you've got 2000 hogs an hour going through
里面的工人们因为整天处理内脏 employees, because they're handling these guts so much,
他们的指甲,还有其他地方都被感染了 they get infections in their fingernails and all.
他们的指甲从手指上脱落 All their fingernails separate from their fingers.
每天都跟血,粪便,尿打交道 Man #2: You're covered with blood, feces, urine.
很容易就会受伤害 It's easy to get hurt down there.
你对每一只猪 Man: You're doing that same movement
都做同样的动作 for that same piece of the hog
周而复始 and it's nonstop, you know.
基本上你就是被当作机器使用的 Basically you're treated as a human machine.
史密斯菲尔德公司很清楚 Man #3: You get people that can't afford
这些工人一旦失去了这份工作,就没有其他办法谋生了 to leave from out there, and Smithfield knows this.
他们就是这样控制工人的 And that's what they hold over you.
100年前 Schlosser: 100 years ago
当厄普顿·辛克莱撰写小说"屠场"的时候 when Upton Sinclair wrote "The Jungle"
一个由牛肉供应商组成的托拉斯有举足轻重的影响力 there was a beef trust that wielded enormous power.
在政府没有制定监管制度的情况下 Immigrants from Eastern Europe were being abused
东欧来的移民工人在肉类工厂里被压榨 in the absence of any kind of government regulation
曾经发生过致人伤残的事件 There were horrible disfiguring injuries
甚至有工人死亡 and even deaths.
后来情况慢慢好转了 Pollan: Things got better. They slowly got better.
西奥多·罗斯福总统制裁了这个牛肉托拉斯 Schlosser: Teddy Roosevelt took on the beef trust.
工会慢慢把工人们组织起来 Labor unions slowly organized meatpacking workers
使肉类生产变成了美国最好的 and turned it into one of the best industrial jobs
工作岗位之一 in the United States.
到20世纪50年代,一个肉类生产工人的待遇 By the 1950s to be a meatpacking worker
跟汽车生产工人差不多 was like being an auto worker
工资高,福利也优厚,还有退休金 who has a good wage, good benefits, pension.
但是后来发生了什么? And then what happened?
为了满足快餐业 Well, the meat-packing companies got bigger
这个最大的客户的需要 in order to serve the needs of the fast-food industry,
肉类供应商扩大了规模 which was its biggest customer.
有些肉类供应商,例如IBP公司 Some of the meat-packing companies like IBP
借鉴了快餐业的 borrowed the same sort of labor practices
某些雇佣制度 from the fast food industry--
减薪,禁止成立工会 cutting wages, making sure there were no unions,
加快生产速度 speeding up production,
让工人们反反覆覆 and having the worker do the same task
只做一件事 again and again and again.
肉类生产 And meat-packing is now
现在是美国最危险的工作之一 one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States.
肉类供应商现在还雇用了 The meat-packing industry also recruited
一批新的移民工人,包括非法移民 a new set of immigrants-- illegal immigrants
和新近从墨西哥移民到美国来的人 and recent immigrants from Mexico.
很多到美国来的非法移民 Many of the illegal immigrants coming to America
原本在墨西哥种玉米 were corn farmers in Mexico.
北美自由贸易区的成立,让墨西哥成为了 NAFTA led to a flooding of the Mexican market
美国廉价玉米的倾销目标 with cheap American corn.
这让超过150万的墨西哥人失去工作 It's put more than a million and a half Mexican farmers out of work.
他们的产品无法对抗从美国进口的廉价玉米 They couldn't compete with this cheap corn coming from America.
(yelling)
那这150万墨西哥农民怎么办呢? Pollan: So what happens to those million and a half Mexican farmers?
像IBP Schlosser: Meat packers like IBP,
全国牛肉公司,蒙佛特公司这样的肉联公司 National Beef and Monfort
开始积极地在墨西哥招聘工人 began actively recruiting in Mexico.
这些公司在电台和报纸 Companies advertised on the radio
做广告 and in newspapers.
IBP公司还提供接送服务 IBP set up a bus service
好让工人从墨西哥到美国来上班 in Mexico to bring workers into the United States.
多年以来,政府对肉类供应商 For years the government turned a blind eye
这种招聘非法劳工的做法 to the recruitment of immigrants
视而不见 by the meat-packing industry.
但是现在,当反移民运动兴起 But now, when there's an anti-immigrant movement,
政府就开始采取严厉手段 they're cracking down all of a sudden,
不是对付食品公司 but they're not cracking down on these companies.
而是对付工人 The government's cracking down on the workers.
凌晨4:30 塔希尔 北卡罗莱纳
爱德华多·佩纳：工会组织者
移民局在这个活动住房的停泊处 Immigration agents are arresting Smithfield workers
逮捕史密斯菲尔德公司的工人 - at this trailer park. - (people chatting)
这是史密斯菲尔德公司 This is an agreement
和移民局之间达成的协议 between Smithfield and Immigrations authorities.
移民局每天逮捕15个工人 They get rid of 15 workers per day,
但是从来没有大规模的扫荡行动 but you don't see any massive raids.
这样就不会影响生产了 That way it doesn't affect the production line.
- (door closes) - (engine starts)
爱德华多·佩纳： 你们（工人）没必要给他们（警察）任何信息
-先生,我想 -她问了我一个问题 - Sir, we are trying-- - She asked me a question.
她在问我们问题,不是你 She is asking us questions, not you.
我看不到有史密斯菲尔德公司的管理人员被捕 I don't see anybody arresting no Smithfield managers.
在工厂里,没有哪一个 Nobody in the plant that had anything to do
跟招聘非法劳工这件事有牵连的人 with the fact that those workers were hired
被移民局逮捕 is being arrested.
被捕的都是工人 What we see today is workers
这些为食品公司辛勤工作的工人 who were producing for this company and working hard--
结果被移民局逮捕 those are the people who get arrested.
(man yelling in Spanish)
我们希望买到廉价的食物 We want to pay the cheapest price for our food.
我们不知道这也是有代价的 We don't understand that that comes at a price.
这些工人在这里工作了10到15年 These workers, they've been here for 10, 15 years
生产你吃的熏肉,你的假日火腿 processing your bacon, your holiday ham
现在却像个罪犯一样被抓起来 and now they're getting picked up like they're criminals.
(car starts)
可是食品公司仍然在牟取暴利 And these companies are making billions of dollars.
史密斯菲尔德公司拒绝接受本片采访
隐匿的价值
我们关注的只是低廉的价格吗? Salatin: Is cheapness everything that there is?
谁想买最便宜的汽车呢? Who wants to buy the cheapest car?
我们愿意 We're willing to subsidize
为了营造食品价格低廉的假象 the food system to create the "mystique"
而补贴食品工业 of cheap food,
但是,如果考虑到对环境 when actually it's very expensive food
对社会以及对人们健康的伤害 when you add up the environmental costs
这些食品其实价格高昂 societal costs, health costs.
无论是价格,生产方式 The industrial food is not honest food.
还是加工工序 It's not priced honestly. It's not produced honestly.
工业化生产的食品都极具欺骗性 It's not processed honestly.
这些食品背后是纯粹的欺骗 There's nothing honest about that food.
我不知道这个史密斯菲尔德公司的纸箱还能派上什么用场 I can't think of a better use for a Smithfield box.
我还要开5个小时的车 Man: It was about a five-hour drive
大概300到400英里 maybe 300, 400 miles.
所以...是啊 So yeah.
还是值得的 It's worth it.
我并不想把生意做大 Salatin: I have no desire to scale up or get bigger.
我只希望生产世界上最好的食物 My desire is to produce the best food in the world
让人们吃到好东西 and heal.
如果我这样做 And if in doing so
会使更多的人到我们这个小地方来买食物 more people come to our corner and want stuff,
但愿上天会帮我解决怎样满足人们需求的问题 then heaven help me figure out how to meet the need
而不会迫使我为了产量牺牲诚信 without compromising the integrity.
这就是我的心里话 That-- that's where I am.
我完全不希望我的产品 I have absolutely no desire
会放在沃尔玛的货架上 to be at Wal-Mart.
一旦你想把生意做大 As soon as you grasp for that growth,
你对待客户的态度 you're gonna view your customer differently,
对待产品的态度 you're gonna view your product differently,
以至对待这门生意的态度都会不一样 you're gonna view your business differently.
你对待这些至关重要的事情的态度 You're gonna view everything that is the most important--
都会不一样了 you're gonna view that differently.
(snorting)
加州阿纳海姆市自然产品展览会
这是我们新的有机爆米花系列产品 This is our new organic line of popcorn.
这是高维生素含量的豆奶 This is Vitasoy soy milk,
世界上最好的豆奶 the best soy milk in the entire world.
这个有机食品展销会最初举行时 This entire show when it first started
只有这一行展位的大小 was the size of this column right here.
加里 赫什伯格：石原农场的行政总栽
嗯哼 Man: Uh-huh.
我们几个都要睡在展位里 Several of us were sleeping in our booths.
因为我们住不起旅馆 We couldn't afford hotel rooms.
有机食品市场每年以20%的速度增长 Organic's been growing over 20% annually.
这是食品工业增长最快的部分 It's one of the fastest-growing segments in the food industry.
天啊!看! My God! Ah!
我们无法摆脱资本主义 We're not gonna get rid of capitalism.
肯定我们还不能抛弃它 Certainly we're not gonna get rid of it
因为在阻止全球暖化 in the time that we need to arrest global warming
消除空气、食物、水中的各种污染的 and reverse the toxification
这段期间我们还需要它 of our air, our food and our water.
但是我们必须加快速度 We need to be much more urgent.
要是我们还继续让这个与公众利益为敌的系统获利 If we attempt to make perfectly enemy of the good
继续为了生活的便利 and say we're only going to buy food
而从这个所谓完美的系统中获取食物 from the most-perfect system
我们就永远无法达成我们的目标 within 100 miles of us, we're never gonna get there.
作为一个环保主义者,在我看来 As an environmentalist, it was pretty clear to me
工商业是所有污染的根源 that business was the source of all the pollution,
工商业是一切我们破坏这个世界行为的 business was the source of basically all the things
罪魁祸首 that were destroying this world.
在大学的时候,我参加了一个社团 In college I came across this little institute
叫新炼金术协会 called New Alchemy Institute,
成员都是思想反叛的生物学家 which was a group of renegade biologists.
我希望能告诉你的是 My hope is to give you--
我们就像在传播一种新的宗教 Hirshberg: We were preaching a kind of a new religion,
尝试发展不同的食品及污染物处理系统 trying to develop food and waste-treatment alternatives,
但是我们都是发展志同道合的人 but we were preaching to the convinced.
我们的支持者越来越少了 We were depending on sources of support that were dried up
我们的信息 and we weren't reaching the audience
没能传达给最需要它们的人 that really needed these messages.
我认识到,我们不应该 I realized we need to not be David
像对抗哥利亚的大卫一样,而是应该成为哥利亚 up against Goliath. We need to be Goliath.
(clacking)
最开始的时候,我们的农场只有7头牛 Hirshberg: When we started out, we were a seven-cow farm.
我们想证明食品生产可以为 We wanted to prove that business could be part of the solution
解决全球环境问题出一分力 to the globe's environmental problems.
我们还想证明 At the same time we had to prove
我们这样做的同时还能盈利 that we could be highly profitable.
2008年,我们不但排在 Today in 2008, not only are
美国畅销酸奶品牌的第3位 we the #3 yogurt brand in America,
我们还是盈利最高的品牌之一 but we're among the most profitable.
石原品牌最终 被身价230亿美元的达能集团所收购 加里继续负责运营石原
你看,有趣的地方就是 See, this is the interesting thing.
这样一个小公司,现在被卡夫公司收购了 A little company like this is now Kraft,
你都根本不会想到它是属于卡夫的 but you don't have any idea that it's Kraft.
这家被百事公司收购了,那家被家乐氏公司收购了 This is now Pepsi. That's now Kellogg's.
-卡什被家乐氏收购了 -是的 - Man: Kashi is Kellogg's? - Yeah.
-这家现在属于高露洁公司了 -噢,是吗? - This is Colgate now. - Oh, is it?
对,这些公司最初都是像我们一样的 Yeah, this is one of those companies that started like us.
他们还能保持自己的理念吗？
-看,这是 -（还是）让它们不一样了? - Well, it's-- - Make them different?
或者是根本让他们变得很成功 Or make them successful, basically.
没人研究这事。反正我不得不被他们兼并 The jury is out. I have to put it that way.
大型食品公司的扩张不是通过自身的增长来实现的 Hirshberg: These large companies don't grow organically.
而是通过收购 They grow by acquisition.
可口可乐,百事,家乐氏,通用磨坊公司 Coke, Pepsi, Kellogg's, General Mills--
它们都是以冲刺的方式 all of them are running,
而不是渐进的方式进入有机食品市场 not walking, into the organic food business.
丁香花岭农场： 是石原酸奶的供应商 位于佛蒙特州的伯瑞特波罗
对我来说,如果有像沃尔玛 这样的公司进入有机食品市场 Hirshberg: For me, when a Wal-Mart enters the organic space,
我会很激动的,这绝对是最让人兴奋的事情之一 I'm thrilled. It's absolutely one of the most exciting things.
我曾经梦想有一天 I have dreamed of the day
我可以跟这些食品业的巨人们 when I could sit with corporate titans
当面对话 and have conversations
谈论有机食品和可持续发展 about organics and sustainability.
这位是阿曼达,这位是兰德,你好,阿曼达,我是兰德 - This is Amanda. This is Rand. - Hi Amanda. I'm Rand.
阿曼达·埃利斯：有机农场主
-兰德,很高兴认识你 -这位是托尼 - Rand, nice to meet you. - Tony.
-托尼,你好 -很高兴认识你 - Tony. Great. - Nice to meet you.
好吧,告诉我这是怎么回事 Okay, help me figure out where--
-我们都是沃尔玛的员工 -你们为沃尔玛工作 - We both work for Wal-Mart. - You're with Wal-Mart.
对 Yup.
你知道我们都不去沃尔玛吧? Do you know that we don't go to Wal-Mart?
-我们从来不去 -是的 - We've never been. - Rand: Oh yeah.
-很不可思议吧? -所以我们就来找你了 - Isn't that amazing? - So we had to come to you.
我们从来没去过沃尔玛 Yeah, we've never been.
我们很久之前就开始抵制沃尔玛了 We just started boycotting a long time ago
我们一直坚持不去 and we just kept riding on that.
沃尔玛对自己的声誉 Hirshberg: Wal-Mart is terribly sensitive
是非常敏感的 to their reputation.
沃尔玛被妖魔化的程度 They've obviously been vilified,
比起市场上其他的零售商 probably more than any retailer
都来的更深 in our current economy.
事实上,根据客户的需要 Actually, it's a pretty easy decision
而支持有机食品,或者其他什么东西都好 to try to support things like organic, or whatever it might be
托尼· 艾利欧松：沃尔玛的乳品采购部主任
是显而易见的决定 based on what the customer wants.
这是我们对需求的回应 We see that and react to it.
因此,如果客户对此有需求 So if it's clear the customer wants it,
那我们就自然会介入 it's really easy to get behind it,
并努力促进这个市场的发展 to push forward and try to make that happen.
当我碰见以前和我一起宣传环保的朋友时 Hirshberg: When I run into my old environmental friends,
他们中很多人都非常震惊 many are initially horrified
因为看到我竟然在经营这种公司 by the kinds of company that I'm keeping these days.
但是当我给他们解释 But when I then go on to explain
沃尔玛订单给我的生产带来的影响 what the impact of one purchase order from Wal-Mart is,
不是数以吨计的杀虫药 in terms of not pounds but tons of pesticide,
不是成顿的除草剂和化肥之后 tons of herbicide, tons of chemical fertilizer,
我们之间讨论就没那么情绪化了 the discussion-- we get away from the emotion
而是纯粹基于事实展开 and we get down to the facts.
你们实际上是怎么做的,这是关键问题 This is really key, though, what you guys are doing here.
我从来不会抱有幻想 I have no illusions about this.
我不相信沃尔玛来找我们的原因 I don't believe that Wal-Mart has come here
是他们的道德觉悟忽然间提高了 because they've suddenly had a moral enlightenment.
他们其实只是为了经济利益 It's because of economics.
我可以跟我那些激进的朋友们讨论一天 I can debate with my radical friends all day long,
但是没有人可以否认 but nobody can challenge the fact
我们从沃尔玛上百万美元的订单中赚到的钱 that a sale of another million dollars to Wal-Mart
能够帮助我们拯救环境 helps to save the world.
在20世纪初的时候 Pollan: Back around the turn of the last century,
每个农民的收成可以养活6到8个人 the average farmer could feed six or eight people.
现在一个普通农民的收成 Now the average American farmer
可以养活126个人,你看 can feed 126 people, okay?
这是有史以来最具生产力的人 These are the most productive humans that have ever lived.
农业生产发生的变化 The changes down on the farm have been
是翻天覆地的,但却不为我们所知 momentous and radical but invisible to most of us,
现在有谁还认识农民? 'cause who knows a farmer anymore?
但是人们的生活方式 But their way of life
确实发生了革命性的变化 has been revolutionized.
从种子到超级市场
1万年前 Roush: 10,000 years ago,
处于农耕社会的人们开始保存最好的种子 farmers started saving their best seeds
用于下一年继续耕种 and planted again in the following year.
选种技术就是这么发展起来的 That's how seeds have been developed.
借助这种技术 That's how corn was developed
玉米从一种基本上没什么用的杂草 from a useless grass for the most part
特罗伊·劳什：美国谷物种植协会副主席
变成了今天用途多种多样的农作物 to the extremely productive plant it is today.
一家公司可拥有一种粮食作物的所有权 Pollan: The idea that any corporation could own a food crop
是一个新的概念,出现于20世纪80年代 is a very new idea. It wasn't until the 1980s
最高法院裁说你可以对生物体进行专利 that the Supreme Court said you could patent life.
事情从此就一发不可收拾了 And that opened the floodgates--
各种企业争夺一种最重要的生物体的专利 efforts to patent the most valuable parts of life,
也就是我们赖以生存的农作物 which is to say the crops on which we depend.
孟山都公司 位于密苏里州 圣路易斯
孟山都是一家化工产品公司 Roush: Monsanto is a chemical company.
主要生产滴滴涕(杀虫药)和越战中使用的橘剂(落叶剂) They produced DDT, Agent Orange in Vietnam,
后来他们研发了一种叫"农达"的除草剂 and then they developed a product called "Roundup."
接着,我们开始开始听说有一种经基因改造的大豆 We started hearing rumblings about genetically-engineered soybeans
可以不受农达伤害 that could resist the application of Roundup.
当农达喷洒在大豆田里 When the Roundup was sprayed over top of it,
其他的杂草都被清除掉 it killed every weed out there
除了这些能专门抵抗农达的大豆 except for this Roundup Ready soybean.
1996年，当孟山都开始销售 “抗农达大豆”时全美只有2%的大豆 含有孟山都的专利基因，截止到2008年 全美已有90%的大豆都含有孟山都的专利基因
我还记得当获得种子专利权的公司 Roush: I can remember when the first prohibition
第一次禁止农民保留种子的时候 against seed saving came into being.
大部分的农民 Most farmers were just
都对这种做法感到厌恶 absolutely disgusted with the whole concept.
但是,很有趣的是 It's been interesting over the course
在其后的11年里面 of 11 years to watch us go
我们对禁止保留种子的态度 from utter contempt for the notion
从蔑视变成了 that we can't save our own seed
默默接受 to acceptance.
如果农民保留了种子 Man: What happens if a farmer
那会怎么样? saves the seeds?
(chuckles)
嗯,你知道 Well, you know, really there's
其实现在只有一家公司这么做 only one company involved in this now
就是孟山都 and that's Monsanto.
孟山都公司 Monsanto is...
他们雇用了一帮调查员 They've got a team of private investigators
在全国各地游走 that kind of roam the country
还设立了一个800热线电话 and they've got a little 1-800 hotline
他们要是接到有电话说 they take calls on. If they get a call
有人私下保留种子 and somebody alleges that somebody saved seed,
他们就会派调查员去调查 they'll send an investigator out to look into the matter.
要是你保留了种子,孟山都公司 If you save your own seed, you're gonna get a call
就会派人给你打电话 (之所以他说的这么隐晦， 是因为在美国没人敢惹孟山都， 敢直言揭露它的阴暗丑陋) from somebody from Monsanto.
孟山都有一支75人的“小分队” 专门来调查和检举(不听话的)农场主 消息来源——美国食品安全中心
被抓到“保留种子”的任何人 都会遭受“专利侵权”的调查
大概晚上7点还是7点半左右 David Runyon: Two men drove in my driveway
有两个人开车到我家 at 7:00, 7:30 at night,
出示一张黑色卡片 presented a black card to me
不过他们从来没有说过自己是孟山都公司派来的 and they never told me that they were from Monsanto.
他们说他们有一个负责监视的小组 Man: They said that they had had a surveillance team,
发现我在清洗豆子 caught me cleaning beans.
从此之后, Moe Parr: I found it necessary to get up
我必须在早上3点到4点起床 at 3:00 and 4:00 in the morning
以避开这些调查员的跟踪 before the investigators are on the road following me.
看起来 Runyon: They were--
我觉得他们是当过兵或者做过警察的 I'm gonna say maybe ex-military or ex-police.
他们很高大,态度像是在恐吓 They were large and they were intimidating.
我不知道他们是不是真的有监视小组 Man: I don't know whether they had their surveillance team
或者是我的邻居把我告发了,我不知道 or whether it was my neighbor that turned me in. I don't know.
当我转身走回屋里的时候,他们其中一个说"他心虚了" Now as I turned to walk in the house, one of them said--
我背着他都能听得到他说的话 I could hear in the back-- "He's guilty."
莫伊·帕尔：种子清洗农夫 种子清洗是种子保存的必要过程
莫伊的机器可以清除残损的种子 以便其余的保存好到来年进行播种
种子清洗机,19世纪的一个伟大发明 Runyon: It's a real ingenious device designed back in the 1800s,
孟山都想要让它们都消失 and Monsanto's gonna close all of them out.
戴维·鲁尼恩 农场主
你觉得现在全国 So how many seed cleaners are out there
有多少台种子清洗机? in the country do you think?
在印第安那州的话,大概6台 In the state of Indiana, there may be six.
只是也许,我没有具体数过 Maybe. I'm not aware of--
-过去有多少台? -那可不得了,每个镇上都有3台 - How many there used to be? - Oh my golly. Every county had three.
它们现在都关掉了吗? Have they all been put out of business?
没有人做这个了 There's nobody left.
当孟山都的大豆最初推出市场 Runyon: When Monsanto soybeans first came on the market,
我没有转用他们的产品 I just never really switched over.
我一直使用传统大豆 I was getting pretty good yield
获得不错的收成 with the conventional soybeans I'd been using,
我就想"好吧,那我继续用传统的好了" so I thought "Well, I'll just stay where I'm at."
戴维不种孟山都的农作物 但他的农田却被基因改造的种子所污染
我的邻居们都已经转用基因改造过的大豆了 My neighbors all around me are all GMOs.
要是他们田里的花粉或者种子传过来了 If the pollen goes in, if the seed moves in,
也算是我侵犯专利权 I am still held accountable.
如果孟山都发现“基因污染” 农场主必须证明自己没有侵犯孟山都的专利
你改造了农作物的基因,它就是你的了 Pollan: When you genetically modify a crop, you own it.
农业生产从来没有过这样（恶劣）的事情 We've never had this in agriculture.
以前负责培养出公用种子的 Roush: Used to be that your land-grant universities,
都是被政府授予土地的大学 they developed what was called public seed.
绝大部分的育种和品系改良工作 The vast majority of the plant breeding
都是由这些公立机构来做的 was actually done in these public institutions
孟山都公司跟微软差不多 Pollan: Monsanto is very much like Microsoft.
微软拥有全美国大部分电脑上 The same way Microsoft owns the intellectual property
所运行的软件的知识产权 behind most computers in America,
而孟山都公司拥有的 they set out to own the intellectual property
是美国大部分食品的知识产权 behind most of the food in America.
公立机构的育种工作已经成为历史 Roush: Public plant breeding is a thing of the past.
再也没有公用种子了 There virtually are no public seeds anymore.
只有大概4到5种种子 Runyon: There's only like four or five varieties
可供选择 that I can actually plant.
现在我还保存着一点 Now I have some of the last soybeans
伊利诺伊州的大豆 coming out of the state of Illinois--
-没有经过基因改造的 -对,公用种子 - That are not GMO. - Public variety. Public variety.
要是我再也买不到经过认证的种子的时候 When it comes to the point that I can't buy any more certified seed,
我能怎么做?我还有什么选择? what do I do? What are my options?
这份是他们寄给我的名单 I acquired this list that was mailed to me.
未经孟山都授权而种植大豆的农民的黑名单 The black list here is Monsanto's unauthorized growers list.
哇 Wow.
列出的要么是敢于对抗他们的农民 Either farmers that have judgments against them,
或者其他经营者 or businesses, or else it's--
要么是还没有递交相关授权文书的农民 or it's farmers that have not submitted their paperwork,
还有不打算递交记录的农民 will not turn over their records.
我被列入名单的原因 For my case, that's why I'm on there--
是我不提交相关记录 'cause I would not turn over my records.
-我也在名单上吗? -是的 - Am I on this list? - Yes, you are.
哇 Wow.
我看到有两个和我合作过的农民在名单上 I see two of the farmers that I work for on here.
这份名单,就是我说的 This list-- now it comes down to the point
我买不到孟山都公司的产品的原因 where I cannot buy Monsanto products, okay?
对 Right.
这关系到我还能种什么 So it's coming down to "What can I plant?"
孟山都公司 Parr: Monsanto is suing me on the basis
指责我以清洗种子的方式鼓励其他农民违反专利法 that I'm encouraging the farmer to break the patent law
因而控告我 by cleaning their own seed.
我还没有上法庭呢 I haven't been in a courtroom yet
就要罚款2万5千美元了 and my bill is already $25,000.
我以前的那些朋友们 People that were friends of mine
现在都不敢跟我说话了 now are reticent to even talk with me.
我们可是50年的老朋友了 We've been friends for 50 years,
可现在连见面的机会都很少 and now we can hardly be seen together.
对 Right.
作为(与孟山都)和解的条件 这位农场主不能在公开场合诉说自己的遭遇
我觉得我是无辜的 I don't think I'm really guilty,
不过直接交罚款 but it was cheaper to pay the fine
总比跟公司硬碰要好多了 than it was to try to fight it.
-这很折磨人吧 -当然了 - It gnaws at you... - Parr: Sure.
因为你明知道你没有做错 ...because if you think you're right at something,
却还是要承认错误 but yet you admit you're wrong.
孟山都公司对我们违反专利法和违约的指控 Roush: Monsanto falsely accused us of violating their patent
都是无理取闹 and breach of contract.
全都是无中生有的 None of it was true.
你到市场里面,找一个规模大点的农户 You go into a market, you find a dominant farmer
只要你把他收拾了,其他人就不敢步他的后尘 and if you can ruin them, you scare the rest of them to following the line.
就是为了对抗他们,我的家庭 My family spent $400,000
在诉讼前就已经花费了40万 fighting the battle, pretrial.
我们得知如果要告上法庭 And we were told it would take another million
还要多花100万 to take the thing to trial.
所以我们就庭外和解了 We settled out of court.
在我看来,这个系统的运作方式 The way the system appeared to work to me was
就是公正女神手持天枰 Lady Justice had the scales
然后你往秤盘上堆钱 and you piled cash on the scales
最后获胜的,就是堆钱最多的人 and the one that piled the most cash on the scales,
请得起最多专家的人 hired the most experts and was most willing
还有愿意为此撒弥天大谎的人 to tell the biggest lies, that was the winner.
这就是我们的司法系统运作的方式 That seems to be how our justice system functions now.
这很可怕,很可怕 It's terrible. It's terrible.
试问一个普通农民 How can a farmer defend himself against
怎么能扳得倒孟山都这样的跨国公司呢? a multinational corporation like Monsanto?
三天前,我跟一个年轻农民谈过 I talked to a young man just three days ago.
孟山都的人去过他的农场 They'd been to his farm, you know?
这个可怜的孩子,他才刚开始经营呢 And this poor kid, he's just starting out.
他的未婚妻也在,我也跟她谈过 His fiancee was there. I talked to her
我试着给他们提些好建议 and tried to give them the best advice I could.
不幸的是,我可以给他们的最好建议是 Unfortunately the best advice I could give them was
趁你还没有受到伤害之前,别跟他们搅和了 "Try to get out of this thing with your skin intact.
不要跟他们对抗,你最终还是要屈服 Don't fight 'em. You've got to roll over
他们要什么你都得给的,你保护不了自己 and give them what they want, 'cause you can't defend yourself."
孟山都在这件事情上占了绝对优势 In the case of Monsanto, their control is so dominant.
只要你还想继续耕种 If you want to be in production agriculture,
你就必须屈服于他们 you're gonna be in bed with Monsanto.
因为他们独占了大豆 They own the soybean.
对这种农作物 They are going to control that product
他们从种子到超市里的商品都有控制权 from seed to the supermarket.
他们确实是控制了食品 They are, in effect, gaining control of food.
孟山都拒绝本片采访
面纱(孟山都的白宫人脉)
孟山都公司一直都有派人 Pollan: There has been this revolving door
向各个掌握重大决策权的 between Monsanto's corporate offices
监管机构和立法机关 and the various regulatory
进行各种游说活动 and judicial bodies that have made the key decisions.
克劳伦斯·托马斯法官曾担任孟山都的律师 Roush: Justice Clarence Thomas was a Monsanto attorney.
要是他所作的判决 That wouldn't be such a big deal
没有对保存种子一事产生决定性的影响 if it weren't for one court case
他的履历其实也不会引起这么大的争议 that really decided this whole seed-saving issue.
在一个关于农业公司阻止农民保存种子的案例里 Justice Clarence Thomas wrote the majority opinion
克劳伦斯·托马斯法官主持撰写了 in a case that allowed these companies
一份在最高法院法官里过半数通过的判词 to prevent farmers from saving their own seed.
孟山都公司和布什的执政班子 Pollan: Monsanto had very close ties
还有克林顿的执政班子 to the Bush administration...
都有很深的渊源 and the Clinton administration.
这就是让食品生产截然不同的重大变化 This goes to why we haven't had much political debate
却没有引起什么政治争论的原因 over this radical change to our food system.
温德尔·默菲 1989-1993年 北卡罗来纳州 参议员 2003年至今 史密斯菲尔德公司 董事会
在过去的25年里,我们的政府 Pollan: For the last 25 years, our government
玛格丽特·米勒 1985-1989年 孟山都化学实验室主管 1989年至今 美国食品及药物管理局分部主任
已经被本该受到制约的 has been dominated by the industries
食品工业所控制 that it was meant to be regulating.
琳达·费希尔 1995-2000年 孟山都政府与公众事务部副主席 1995-2000年 美国环保署行政代表
我们面对的挑战是 Schlosser: The challenge is as soon as you have people
熟悉食品工业的人固然可以成为称职的监管者 with expertise in industry, they may turn out to be very good regulators.
迈克尔·泰勒 1984-1991年 华盛顿KING&SPALDING律师事务所 孟山都为期客户
建议孟山都都对转基因食品贴士标签
问题是他们打算代表谁的利益 It's really about what interests they decide to represent.
迈克尔·泰勒 1991-1994年 FDA 政策制定 特派代表 FDA的决定:不对转基因食品施行标签制度
讨论的重点是权力 You're talking about power--
迈克尔·泰勒 1998-2000年 孟山都公共政策副主席
一种高度集中的权力 centralized power
现在,这种权力 and that power is being used
被用来对付生产食物的人 against the people who are really producing the food
例如农民 like the farmers.
被用来对付在食品公司 It's being used against the workers
工作的工人 who work for these companies
还被用来对付那些 and it's being used against consumers
因为食品公司的刻意隐瞒以致对 who are deliberately being kept in the dark
自己的食物来源和对健康的危害 about what they're eating, where it comes from
都一无所知的消费者 and what it's doing to their bodies.
加利福尼亚 州立法机构
下午好,主席女士和各位议员 Woman: Good afternoon, Madame Chair and members.
SB-63是一个确保消费者知情权的法案 SB-63 is a consumer right-to-know measure.
它规定所有以克隆手段生产的食品 It simply requires that all foods that are cloned
都必须贴上标签 must be labeled as cloned foods.
这些克隆的动物 These cloned animals are
是前所未见的 a fundamentally new thing.
让我觉得不可思议的是 But I find it incredible that the FDA
食品及药物管理局不但打算在未经深入研究之前 not only wants to allow the sale of meat from cloned animals
就允许出售克隆动物的肉类 without further research,
还打算让这些肉类在出售时 but also wants to allow the sale of this meat
不加任何标签 without any labeling.
有多少位证人对此持反对态度? How many witnesses in opposition, please?
我是加州农业局的诺埃尔?克莱默斯 Noelle Cremers with California Farm Bureau.
我想指出 And if I can point out--
我们对标签制度的忧虑是 the reason that we are concerned with labeling
它会引起消费者不必要的恐慌 is it creates unnecessary fear in a consumer's mind.
在食品工业有机会 Until the industry has an opportunity
向公众说明使用克隆技术的原因 to educate why we want to use this technology
和克隆技术的好处之前 and the value of the technology,
我们认为贴这么一个警示标签 we don't feel that consumers just having
对消费者没有帮助 a warning label will help them.
(chatting)
SB-63议案被州立法机关通过 但施瓦辛格州长却否决了这个议案
食品公司对标签制度 Pollan: These companies fight tooth and nail
咬牙切齿 against labeling.
快餐业拒绝公开 The fast food industry fought against
快餐食品的卡路里数据 giving you the calorie information.
他们拒绝告诉消费者 They fought against telling you
食品里含有反式脂肪酸 if there's trans fat in their food.
多年以来,肉类供应商一直反对 The meat packing industry for years prevented
原产地标签制度 country-of-origin labeling.
他们反对基因改造食品的标签制度 They fought not to label genetically modified foods,
现在,超级市场里的78%的加工食品 and now 78% of the processed food in the supermarket
含有经基因改造的原料 has some genetically- modified ingredient.
我觉得对消费者来说 I think it's one of the most important battles
这是至关重要的一役 for consumers to fight--
关乎对食品来源和生产过程的知情权 is the right to know what's in their food and how it was grown.
食品公司不但不想 Not only do they not want
你知道食物里有什么 you to know what's in it,
他们还挖空心思让批评他们的产品 they have managed to make it against the law
也成为一种违法行为 to criticize their products.
你可以告诉我你的饮食习惯发生了什么变化吗? Man: Can you tell me how you've changed how you eat?
是的,我们 Yeah, we--
要是你把我说的话放到这部片里 you'll probably have to talk to an attorney
你可能要事先咨询律师的意见 before you would put this in there.
什么?你可以说出来的,我们已经停机了 What? You can say this is-- we've stopped--
我知道,但是 I know, but--
肉类和家禽产品业 I could have the meat and poultry industry
可能会来找我麻烦的,我真的 coming after me and I really--
是吗?就是因为说了几句话?这也太 Seriously? For saying-- that it's so--
这要看谈话的内容 It depends on the context.
你并没有对人说"别吃这个" You're not saying "Someone else don't eat it."
是的,对不起,罗比 Yeah, I'm sorry, Robbie,
我经常被问到这个问题 but I get asked this all the time.
刚开始的时候,我会说 Initially, my reaction was
我才不管,让他们告我吧 I don't care. Let them sue me.
让他们看看起诉一个失去孩子的妈妈 Let them try and sue the mother
会有什么下场 of a dead child and see.
这真是奇怪,你不能讲述 It's pretty amazing that you can't say
-你和你的家人的变化 -素食者诽谤法案 - how you and your family have changed-- - The veggie libel laws...
(stammers)
不一样的 are different.
和其他行业相比 The food industry has different protections
食品工业受到特别的保护 than other industries do.
我们对疯牛病有很多的疑问 We have a lot of questions about this mad cow disease.
要是你还记得肉类生产行业 Kowalcyk: If you recall the case where Oprah was sued
因为奥普拉(美国著名脱口秀主持人)在节目上的言论 by the meat industry
而控告她的案子 for something she said on her show.
这件事让我绝对不想 It has just stopped me cold
再吃任何的汉堡 from eating another burger.
德克萨斯畜牧业主起诉奥普拉“诽谤” 肉类食品并追讨利益损失
经过6年的诉讼和超过1百万美元的法律费用 奥普拉最终赢得了这场官司
-早上好,奥普拉 -大家早上好 - Man: Good morning, Oprah. - Good morning, y'all.
这件事情终于快要结束了,你高兴吗? Man #2: Are you glad to see it's finally winding down?
嗯,我觉得是的,对吧? Well, I think I can say that, right?
我觉得是,对,我都能看到尽头了 I can say that, yeah. I can see the end in sight.
在科罗拉多州 Schlosser: In Colorado it's a felony
违反素食者诽谤法案是一项重罪 if you're convicted under a veggie libel law.
你可能会因为 So you could go to prison
批评当地生产的碎牛肉 for criticizing the ground beef
而被送去坐牢 that's being produced in the state of Colorado.
有数个农业发达的州 There is an effort in several farm states
都把刊登工业化食品生产过程 to make it illegal to publish
或者禽畜饲养场的照片 a photo of any industrial food operation,
列为违法行为 any feedlot operation.
同时,这些州还通过了 Schlosser: At the same time, they've also gotten
所谓的芝士汉堡法案 bills passed that are called cheeseburger bills
让控告食品公司 that make it very very difficult
成为几乎不可能的事 for you to sue them.
这些公司有成批的律师 These companies have legions of attorneys
他们即使明知无法取胜,还是会对你提起诉讼 and they may sue even though they know they can't win
就只是为了警告你 just to send a message.
孟山都起诉莫伊·帕尔-- 通过他的种子清洗业务诱导农场主违反专利法
我们查看了莫瑞斯·帕尔被孟山都公司 Man: We are on record for the deposition of Maurice Parr
和孟山都科技公司起诉时的 in the matter of Monsanto Company
作证录像 and Monsanto Technology versus Maurice Parr.
帕尔先生,我们索取了你的银行记录 Man #2: Mr. Parr, we subpoenaed your bank records
作为证物,你知道吗? in this case. Do you know that?
我告诉你,到现在还让我觉得害怕的是 Parr: I'll tell you, what really scared me the most today
他们拿到了我在过去10年内 was the fact that they have every check that I have written
通过每一个银行账户 from every bank account that I've used
签发的每一张支票 in the last 10 years.
帕尔先生,你拥有土地吗? Man #2: Do you own any land, Mr. Parr?
-有的 -你有多少亩土地? - Yes. - Man #2: How many acres do you own?
3亩 Three.
你这台戴尔电脑买了多久了? Man #2: How long have you had this Dell computer?
哪几个是大豆清洗服务的客户? Which ones are soybean seed cleaning customers?
-考夫曼先生 -只是洗豆子 - Mr. Kaufman? - Beans only.
这些不但是顾客 Parr: These people are not just customers,
他们也是我的朋友 they're personal friends.
孟山都公司竟然有这份名单 It's extremely heart-wrenching for me
这让我心里很不好受 to know that this list is in the possession of Monsanto.
哈罗德·西恩呢? Harold Sinn?
只是洗豆子 Beans only.
这是孟山都公司 Stephen Pennell: This is the first case
第一次控告 in which a seed company is suing
提供种子清洗服务的人 the person who does the cleaning of the seed.
如果孟山都的控告得以成立 So if Monsanto's claims are upheld in this case
斯蒂芬·R.彭内尔：莫伊的辩护律师
被迫停业的就不光是莫瑞斯了 that would not only put Moe out of business,
而是这个国家里 but it would prohibit every grower in the country
每一个像莫瑞斯一样清洗种子的人 from doing what Moe does as a precedent in future cases.
这些客户里面有没有哪一个 Man #2: Have any of these customers specifically
很清楚的说明 told you that they are not going to use
-不会再光顾你呢? -罗恩·默瑞尔 - your seed-cleaning services anymore? - Ron Merrill.
这基本上就是让我做不成生意了 Parr's voice: This essentially puts me out of business.
-麦斯·罗尔 -我的生意完了 - Max Lowe. - Parr's voice: I'm finished.
-杰瑞·考夫曼,比尔·齐林 Jerry Kaufman. Bill Zeering.
还有罗伯特·杜瓦尔 Robert Duvall.
4各月后，莫伊·帕尔与孟山都达成协议 因为他已无力支付打官司的费用了
击溃这个系统(美国政府官僚体系)
我们的食物生产和供应系统 Pollan: We've had a food system that's been dedicated
已经完全专注于追求效率 to the single virtue of efficiency,
所以只种植几种农作物 so we grow a very small number of crops,
只生产几种产品 a very small number of varieties,
市场上只有几家食品公司 a very small number of companies.
即使现在的做法真的可以提高效率 And even though you achieve efficiencies,
这个系统也会变得越来越不稳定 the system gets more and more precarious.
继而失控和崩溃 You will have a breakdown eventually.
而且我们还不一定能知道 And where the breakdown comes in the system
崩溃的是它的哪一部分 we don't always know.
现代农业生产 Roush: Modern production agriculture is highly dependent
对石油高度依赖 on large amounts of petroleum.
我们的农场 Our farm, we're going to use
每年要用4万加仑的柴油 about 40,000 gallons of diesel fuel a year.
我们消耗了很多石油却不自知 Pollan: We eat a lot of oil without knowing it.
把牲畜运到屠宰场 To bring a steer to slaughter,
要75加仑的油 it's 75 gallons of oil.
所以,这个系统 So what we're seeing is
虽然效率极高 that this highly-efficient machine
但是对诸如油价上升等情况 does not have the resilience to deal with shocks
却没有抵抗力 such as the spike in oil prices.
上个月的食品价格 Food prices last month were 3.9% higher
比一年前上升了3.9% than they were a year ago.
以另一种食品原材料,玉米为例 Take corn, another basic source of food,
价格达到了12年以来的最高位 up to a 12-year high.
我们把廉价的谷物 Pollan: For a while, we could sell grains
销往世界各地 so cheaply anywhere in the world,
其他国家那些没有获得补贴的农民 farmers in other countries who aren't being subsidized
无法和我们竞争 could not compete with us.
因此,他们自给自足的能力 So their capacity to grow food
就被严重削弱了 for themselves was compromised.
我们所面临的食物短缺 Roush: The world's running out of food
没有得到重视,粮食储备水平极低 and nobody's talking about it. We have no reserves.
全世界都有抗议活动 Man: There have been protests around the world.
食物危机已经导致了一个政府倒台 The food crisis has already brought down one government.
几乎每个月 Pollan: A month doesn't go by
我们都能看到 where there isn't a story in the news
揭露工业化食品生产内幕 that peels back the curtain
的新闻报道 on how that industrial food is made.
悲惨的呻吟 (mooing pitifully)
因患病而不良于行的牛 Man: Downer cows-- too ill or lame to walk--
被强迫着站起来以便运到屠宰场 being brutalized to get them to their feet for slaughter.
数以百万吨计的猪粪 Woman: Millions of gallons of concentrated hog manure
集中被倾倒了河流里 flushing their contents downriver.
受政府保护的食品独裁者们说 Woman #2: Government's food czar reported
没有现成办法可以追踪到 that there are no tools in place to track
最近的这次沙门氏菌爆发的源头 the origin of the latest salmonella outbreak.
每一次这种（揭露）报道的播出 Pollan: Every time one of these stories comes out,
美国人就能了解多一点 America learns a little bit more--
比如(能够了解到)处理食物的厨房里 到底发生了什么(肉类加工真相) what's going on in the kitchen where their food is being prepared.
还有每当消费者们(了解了真相)厌恶地扭过脸去 And every time they turn away in revulsion
从而开始寻求替代食品 and start looking for alternatives.
讽刺的是 Hirshberg: The irony is that the average consumer
普通消费者总觉得自己没什么力量 does not feel very powerful.
他们觉得自己像个“收件人” They think they are the recipients
被动地接受食品公司 of whatever industry has put out there
所生产的供他们消费的产品 for them to consume.
听我说,情况恰恰相反 Trust me, it's the exact opposite.
当我们在超市里选购食品的时候 When we run an item past the supermarket scanner,
我们其实可以选择本地产品和有机产品 we're voting for local or not, organic or not.
在一年前,沃尔玛决定 At Wal-Mart, we made a decision about a year ago
只采购不使用"重组牛生长激素"生产的乳制品 to go through a process of becoming rBST-free in our milk supply.
我们是根据顾客的偏好而作出这个决定的 We made that decision based on customer preference.
每个消费者的微薄力量 Hirshberg: Individual consumers
加起来可以改变世界上最大的公司 changed the biggest company on earth
通过这样做 and in so doing,
可能为"合成生长激素" probably put the last nail in the coffin
钉上最后一块棺材板 for synthetic growth hormone.
在这个国家,为了吃得好而付出的钱 Pollan: To eat well in this country costs more
比吃得差多得多，要很多钱 than to eat badly. It will take more money
一部分人都负担不起 and some people simply don't have it.
所以我们必须 And that's one of the reasons
在政策层面上作出改变 that we need changes at the policy level,
好让胡萝卜比炸薯片卖的更好 so that the carrots are a better deal than the chips.
人们会想"这些食品公司规模庞大" Schlosser: People think "These companies are so big
"实力雄厚,我们怎么能改变他们呢?" and so powerful, how are we ever going to change things?"
看看烟草业吧 But look at the tobacco industry.
它曾经有能力左右公共政策 It had huge control over public policy
但现在又怎么样? and that control was broken.
和烟草业的斗争 The battle against tobacco is a perfect model
就是改变某个行业不负责任的经营行为的 of how an industry's irresponsible behavior
极佳榜样 can be changed.
(people talking)
你可以想像一下 Salatin: Imagine what it would be if, as a national policy,
要是我们的全国性政策规定 we said we would be only successful
如果每年就医人数比上一年少 if we had fewer people going
我们才可以算是有进步 to the hospital next year than last year.
那会怎么样? How about that for success?
那时候,我们的食物 The idea then would be to have
就会变得营养丰富 such nutritionally dense
没有掺杂 unadulterated food
人们吃了就会感觉更好 that people who ate it actually felt better,
更有精神 had more energy,
而不会得病 and weren't sick as much.
现在你知道了吧,这是一个高尚的目标 Now see, that's a noble goal.
凯文的死已经无法挽回 Kowalcyk: I can't change the fact that Kevin's dead.
当我告诉别人我失去了孩子 When you tell somebody you've lost a child,
我不喜欢看到 I really don't like that look of pity
他们眼神里流露出的同情 that comes into their eyes,
以及怜悯 that they feel sorry for me.
我获得的同情和怜悯已经够多了 I can have a pity party all by myself very well,
谢谢,我不需要更多的同情 thank you. I don't need it from other people.
我希望他们做的是聆听 What I need them to do is listen
然后和我一起促成这个变革 and help me effect a change.
你必须记住一个事实 Roush: You have to understand that we farmers,
农民们的生产一定是以市场的需求为依据的 we're gonna deliver to the marketplace what the marketplace demands.
要是你愿意付2美元买牛奶 If you want to buy $2 milk,
你喝到的牛奶就会好得像养在 自家后院的牛挤出来的,就是这么简单 you're gonna get a feedlot in the backyard. It's that simple.
只要人们开始 People have got to start demanding
对更好的食物有需求 good, wholesome food of us.
我们就能生产,我保证 And we'll deliver. I promise you.
我们也是很有才能的,我们会满足需求的 We're very ingenious people. We'll deliver.
这就是我要说的话 That's all I had to say.
你可以每天3次投票 来改变这个官僚系统 （通过我们的网站）
购买那些用“尊重”对待 工人、动物以及环境的公司的产品
当你去超市的时候 选择应季蔬菜瓜果(不要吃反季节食品) 购买有机食品 了解你所吃的食物里都含有什么（成份） 阅读食品标签
通常肉类从农场到超市要经历1500英里的“长征” (尽量)购买本地生长出产的食品 (最好)到“农贸市场”去填满购物袋 自己开辟一个菜园(哪怕很小)
与家人一起做饭、一起享用
每个人都有选择健康食品的权利 确保你“农贸市场”的食品有合格印章 要求地方教育委员会提供健康的学校午餐
FDA和USDA理应保护你和家人(的健康) 告知议会公布实施"食品安全标准" 并且再次(向他们)介绍"凯文法案"
如果你做饭前祷告 那么就请求食物令我们以及这个星球更加健康
你的每一口都能改变世界
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