我们有个很好的机会 We've had a great opportunity
能够向很多人提出各种问题 in asking so many people so many questions
从未来展望到实用建议都涵盖其中 about things ranging from the future to, kind of, advice,
我们想要问几个小问题 and we thought we'd ask a few questions
以便我们能更全面地了解你 很快的 that run a little bit of a gamut, really quickly.
-好了 -你能看着镜头吗 - Okay. - Can you look into the lens?
我们觉得这个问题会比较有意思 We thought it would be interesting to ask you,
关于2025年 in the year 2025,
你最确定的事情是什么 what's the thing you're most certain about?
更多人能够掌握自己的健康信息 More people will have access to their own health information.
那么对2025年 你有什么梦想吗 What do you dream for? Something in 2025?
希望不再有那么多人在年轻时 That less people have to say goodbye too soon
就经历生离死别 to people they love.
太好了 你能告诉我们一个秘密吗 That's great. Can you tell us a secret?
我没有什么秘密 I don't have many secrets. Um...
我们最大的弱点在于放弃
成功的最佳途径就是不断从头再来
托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生
你是科学家还是技术专家 Are you a scientist or a technologist?
还是企业家 Or an entrepreneur?
我觉得我是企业家 I think I'm an entrepreneur.
我学的是工科 I was trained as an engineer,
但现在我的时间 but... now my time is spent
都花在实现这一使命所需的一切上 on doing whatever it takes to realize this mission.
希拉洛斯是 Theranos is the integration
是"治疗"和"诊断"这两个词的结合体 of the words therapy and diagnosis.
如果我们能够改变现有模式 And if we can shift toward a model in which
如果能够及时发现病发的苗头 we're determining the onset of disease
从而开展有效治疗 in time for therapy to be effective,
那么我们就能改变结果 we will change outcomes.
你在十二年前创办了这家公司 是吗 You founded this company 12 years ago, right?
告诉他们你当时多大 Tell 'em how old you were.
十九岁 I was 19.
我从没打算 There was never sort of a plan
从斯坦福退学 但我找到了我的使命 to drop out of Stanford, but I found what I loved.
我找到了我想为之倾尽一生的事业 I found what I wanted to spend my life doing.
伊丽莎白已经融资超过四百万美元 Elizabeth has raised more than $400 million.
公司估值九十亿元 The company is valued at $9 billion.
你拥有超过一半的股权 对吗 You own over 50% of it, right?
恭喜你 Congratulations on that.
我们拥有一个绝佳的机会 We've got an incredible opportunity to try to uphold
能够传承硅谷精神 改变世界 a legacy in Silicon Valley of changing the world.
我们愿意把这看成一部电影 And we like to think about it as a movie,
你就可以从一个更好的视角了解它 and you can begin to see that story in a better way.
我们能看到未来世界里 We see a world in which every person
每个人都能够 has access
获得有效的健康信息 to actionable health information
并能够及时采取行动 at the time it matters.
那个世界里 A world in which
人们不用再说 no one ever has to say,
"要是我早点知道就好了" "If only I'd known sooner."
那个世界里 A world in which
人们不用再过早地阴阳两隔 no one ever has to say goodbye too soon.
这个未来 This future
滴血成金 硅谷血检大骗局
已然开始 is beginning now.
硅谷山麓里 Nestled in the foothills above Silicon Valley,
坐落着一片4200亩的土地 there is a 700-acre plot of land
叫做斯坦福研究园 called the Stanford Research Park.
官网介绍说 瞻望未来者共建此园 According to the website, it's a community of and for people
创业园
施乐帕克研究中心
创造未来者共构此园 who seek to invent the future.
福特研发中心
暖巢家居
正是在这里 诞生了微波管 From here came elements of the microwave tube,
洛克希德·马丁 先进技术中心
惠普
大型计算机和国际空间站 the mainframe computer, and the International Space Station.
史蒂夫·乔布斯曾在这里工作 Steve Jobs spent time here,
马克·扎克伯格和埃隆·马斯克也是如此 so did Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk.
特斯拉
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯认为自己与他们一样 Elizabeth Holmes saw herself in their company.
因此2014年秋天 她将初创公司希拉洛斯 So in the fall of 2014, she moved her biotech startup
希拉洛斯
搬到了研究园 Theranos to the research park.
公司雇用了八百名员工 The company employed 800 people
估值近一百亿美元 and was valued at nearly $10 billion.
四年后 公司价值变为负数 Four years later, it was worth less than zero.
希拉洛斯
要理解这是怎么回事 To understand what happened,
我们就得越过股票的价值 it pays to look past the price of the stock
看到故事的价值 to the value of the story.
仅凭一滴血就能预测出数百种疾病 This compelling tale of divining hundreds of diseases
这则魅力无穷的故事 from a drop of blood
正是讲故事人的想象力的有力证明 was a testament to the imagination of the inventor.
在由她设计 现已废弃的公司大楼中 In the deserted property she designed,
似乎还能听到她雄心壮志的回响 you can almost hear the echoes of her ambition
而那原本代表公开透明的玻璃隔墙 and see how glass walls, promising transparency,
也好似绝境迷宫的惑人妖镜 could become a labyrinth of mirrors.
伊丽莎白是不是在 Was Elizabeth lost in a landscape
她所能创造的现实 between what she could make real
和虚构的世界之间迷失了自我 and the world of make-believe?
对我来说 这个故事说明随着时间的推移 For me, this was a story of how people get trapped
人们会对价值观进行权衡舍弃 并被其束缚 over time with trading off human values.
他们权衡价值观的行为 And then, the way that they trade off those values
丹·艾瑞里 行为经济学家
改变了这个人 和事情的走向 change them as people and things go down.
所以一定程度上是要了解 So part of it was trying to understand--
我认为这也是故事的一部分 and I think this is part of the story--
即 伊丽莎白的转变过程 is the journey for Elizabeth.
有人选择了一条路 Some people take a path,
试图为世界做些好事 对不对 trying to do positive things for the world, right?
她的初心是好的 这一点 Nobody questions that her motives were...
没有人质疑 但结果好事变成了坏事 were positive, but end up being something bad.
我们应该如何看待 How do we react to this?
你可以做个事后诸葛 You can look at her at the end,
说她怎么能做出这种事 and say how could she do this,
但我认为如果不了解整个过程 but I think that would miss the point
那就错失了重点 if you don't understand the journey.
如果你从头开始审视她的转变 If you look at her from the beginning,
她的故事就能为我们所有人敲响警钟 it will be a cautionary tale about all of us.
我从小到大 I grew up spending summers
每逢暑假和假期都会去叔叔家 and the holidays with my uncle.
我记得他热爱海滩 I remember how much he loved the beach.
我记得我非常爱他 I remember how much I loved him.
他有一天确诊为皮肤癌 He was diagnosed one day with skin cancer,
然后很快变为脑癌 which all of a sudden was brain cancer,
并扩散到骨头 and in his bones.
他没能看到自己的儿子长大成人 He didn't live to see his son grow up,
我也没机会见他最后一面 and I never got to say goodbye.
保护每一个人的健康长寿 The right to protect the health and well-being
保护我们所爱之人 of every person, of those we love,
这是基本人权 is a basic human right.
在过去十一年中 Over the course of the last 11 years,
我们成功实现 we've made it possible to run
只需从手指上 comprehensive laboratory tests
取几滴血 from a few drops of blood
就能开展复杂的医学检测 that could be taken from a finger.
我们还成功研发 And we've made it possible
将传统的抽血方式 to eliminate the tubes and tubes of blood
即通过胳膊抽取好几管血的方式摒弃 that traditionally have to be drawn from an arm,
用纳米容器取而代之 and replaced it with the nanotainer.
如果要我站在你们面前 And if I had one wish,
说出一个愿望 standing here with all of you,
那将是没有人必须经历 it would be that no one has to go through the pain
传统静脉切开术的痛苦 of traditional phlebotomy.
我一直 I was always...
非常惧怕抽血 absolutely terrified of giving blood.
这是我这辈子唯一害怕的事情 It's the only thing in my life I've ever been scared of.
如果我们坐在这里想象一种酷刑 If we were to sit here and dream up torture experiments,
从心理学上讲 让一个大针头 psychologically, the concept of sticking large needles
一遍遍地戳进人体 over and over into someone,
抽出这么多血 and draining out so much blood,
还让他们看着血从体内被抽出来 while they're watching this blood being sucked out of them,
让他们变得更衰弱 that you've basically completely debilitated them,
要我说 这是种挺严酷的折磨 that qualifies as a pretty good torture experiment in my book.
对此我很是恐惧 I find it quite disturbing.
这位技术员正在准备血液样本 This technician is preparing the blood sample
进行白细胞计数 for a white cell count.
她用一种特殊的液体稀释血液 She dilutes the blood with a special fluid
并将一定量的血液放入移液管 and puts a measured amount into a pipette.
实际上 从临床实验室基础设施发展伊始 Since, really, the clinical lab infrastructure began to develop,
我们就有一个高度集中的 we've had this highly centralized,
非常大的分析仪器 very big, analytical instruments
它需要大量的血 which require that much blood,
因此 人们每次在抽血的时候 and therefore, people have had to take tubes and tubes
都要抽出一管又一管的血液 every time they do a blood draw.
实验室检测方法从50年代开始没有变过 So, laboratory testing hasn't changed since the 1950s.
就好比在这个时代 这个有个人电脑甚至是 It's the closest thing to mainframe computers versus--
智能手机的时代 还在用古早的大型计算机 it's not even PCs-- versus mobile phones that...
是不是这样 that I've ever seen, right?
改变这种模式的时机已经成熟 So, the timing is very ripe to change this paradigm.
希拉洛斯
真正艰苦的工作没有捷径可走 There's no shortcut to really hard work.
我们从失败中学到的甚至比 And we learn so much more from our failures
从成功中学到的更多 than we did from our successes.
我们给产品起名为"爱迪生" We code-named our product "The Edison"
因为我们早已做好准备 要经过千万次失败 because we assumed we'd have to fail 10,000 times
我并没有失败 只是找到了一千次不能成功的方法 托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生
才能迎来最终的成功 to get it to work the 10,001st.
我们终于成功了 And we did.
通用电气出品 托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生的一天
发明意味着什么 What does it mean to invent something?
它可能是创造 It could be an act of creation,
也可能是欺骗 or an act of deception.
世界上最伟大的发明家两者兼而有之 The world's greatest inventor did both.
我们认为托马斯·爱迪生 We think of Thomas Edison
发明了留声机 电灯泡 as the inventor of the phonograph, the electric light bulb,
也改变了我们看待世界的方式 and the way we look at the world.
爱迪生的公司制作了第一部电影摄影机 Edison's company made one of the first motion picture cameras
和第一部商业电影《锻造场景》 and the very first commercial movie, Blacksmithing Scene.
爱迪生的公司制作了1200多部电影 His company produced over 1,200 films,
纪录片 剧情电影 documentaries and fiction films,
包括首个荧幕之吻 including the first screen kiss.
但爱迪生最伟大的发明可能是他自己 But Edison's greatest invention may have been himself.
他是第一位明星商人 The first celebrity businessman,
神奇爱迪生为世界做贡献
爱迪生的秘技就是他讲故事的本事 Edison's secret was knowing how to tell a good story,
而故事的主角正是他自己 in which he cast himself as the main character.
"门罗公园的巫师" "The Wizard of Menlo Park,"
一个能在实验室里变出一切的人 a man who could conjure anything in his laboratory.
爱迪生 运动摄影照相机
他拥有两千多项专利 He had his name on over 2,000 patents,
从电报到真空泵 from telegraphs to vacuum pumps
发明家 托马斯·爱迪生
到电动汽车 to electric cars.
但他常常给出自己实现不了的承诺 But he often promised far more than he could deliver.
1878年 《纽约太阳报》刊登了 In 1878, the New York Sun
爱迪生最新创举
爱迪生的声明 printed a claim by Edison
声称他已经解开了白炽灯的秘密 that he had solved the mystery of the incandescent light bulb.
但他并未做到 But it wasn't true.
他的灯丝总是融化 His filaments kept melting.
当记者和投资人 When reporters and investors
要求看样时 他伪造了成果 asked for demonstrations, he faked them.
爱迪生留声机公司
为了获得记者的支持 To keep journalists sympathetic,
他用公司股票收买他们 he gave them stock in his company.
整整四年 他都假装自己的发明已可投入市场 For four years, he pretended his invention was good to go,
然而试验品还远没有及格 even while he scrambled to make it work.
然后 就在他的钱和信用即将告急之时 Then, just before his money and credit ran out,
托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生 电灯 专利号223898 专利授予时间1880年1月27日
他解决了如何保持电灯常亮的问题 he solved the problem of how to keep the lights on.
托马斯·爱迪生的思考 科学界下一个重要发明
他是第一个实践硅谷箴言的人 He was the first to practice the Silicon Valley art
即"一直假装直到你真正做到" of "fake it till you make it."
爱迪生第一部电影问世一百多年后 More than a hundred years after Edison's first movies,
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯效仿这位伟大的美国发明家 Elizabeth Holmes modeled her own ambitious career
塑造了自己雄心勃勃的事业 after the great American inventor,
创造的神奇机器也以他名字命名 with a magical machine named after the man himself.
财富 这位首席执行官为血而来
这显然是一个神奇的故事 It was obviously such an incredible story.
19岁 辍学生 The 19-year-old, the dropout,
女性 创造了九十亿元的 a woman creating this $9 billion
创新型公司 innovative company.
我在那里呆了四天 I went out there for four days:
三天采访她 一天采访其他人 three interviewing her and one interviewing some other people.
你在忙什么 What are you working on?
当她谈论诊断测试 When she was talking about some subject
以外的话题时 other than diagnostic testing,
她非常不起眼 she was very unprepossessing,
非常天真 very ingenuous.
当她开始谈论 When she began to talk about...
罗杰·帕洛夫 《财富》
使命 或者说 她的生意 the mission, or the, you know, her business,
她的气场就变了 then there was a shift,
她变得非常 非常专注 激情四射 and she became very, very focused, very intense.
对一切都仿佛成竹在胸 Firm control of all the facts.
没有问题能难倒她 No question surprised her.
非常令人印象深刻 非常理想化 Um... very impressive, and very idealistic.
我们是第一家为我身边这位 We were the first to put on the cover
了不起的女人拍摄封面并撰写长篇报道的杂志 and write a major story about this amazing woman next to me.
"这位首席执行官为血而来" "This CEO Is Out for Blood."
这是伊丽莎白第二次接受公众现场采访 This is Elizabeth's second public live interview...
2014年12月3日
《财富》杂志邀请她 Fortune invited her
参加最具影响力的女性大会 to the Most Powerful Women's conference,
尽管她不是财富500强公司的负责人 even though she wasn't the head of a Fortune 500 company.
她对我们说 And she was saying to us,
"我是这些人中唯一一个创办了公司的人" "I'm the only one of these people that founded a company."
她们是首席执行官不假 You know, "They're CEOs,
但我可是创办了这家公司 "yeah, but I founded this company.
我创造了这家公司存在的意义 "I invented what this company is about.
我值得拥有一席 I deserve to be here."
我有时会和人们聊天 他们会说 I'll talk with people sometimes, they'll say,
"我也想创业" "Oh, you know, I want to start a business."
我的问题总是会问为什么 And my question is always why,
因为想要创业就得有使命感 because there's gotta be a mission.
我曾听说过希拉洛斯 I had heard about Theranos
和伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 在男性主导的硅谷中 and Elizabeth Holmes, a woman executive
她是个少见的女领导 in the male-dominated Silicon Valley,
血液 但更简单
她创办了一家公司 who was starting a company
有真正造福于社会的潜力 with some real potential social good.
我写了很多关于破坏的文章 I write a lot about disruption,
肯·奥莱塔 《纽约客》
希拉洛斯旨在破坏 and Theranos was aimed to be a disruptor
重构现存的检测方式 of the established ways of doing things,
现存效率低下的 the established, inefficient,
昂贵的检测方式 and expensive ways of doing things.
她将会掀起 And she was going to herald
这个国家医疗领域的一场革命 a revolution in medical treatment in this country.
实验室行业需要被颠覆 The lab industry needed disrupting.
这一行业由两家公司主导 It was dominated by two companies:
奎斯特诊断公司 以及实验室集团 Quest and LabCorp.
这两家掌握了将近80%的市场份额 Between them, they controlled almost 80% of the market.
他们的验血价格总是很高 而且从不透明 Their blood test prices were always high and never transparent.
他们因向医疗补助和医疗保险多收费数十亿美元 They were sued for overcharging Medicaid and Medicare
而遭到起诉 for billions of dollars.
但他们规模庞大 But the size of their operations,
还有能力进行 including the ability to do
共计一千多种的血液检测 over a thousand different blood tests,
想要挑战他们是很难的 made them difficult to challenge.
直到伊丽莎白·霍姆斯和爱迪生出现 Until Elizabeth Holmes and Edison.
她建立了七百人的团队 She had built a staff of 700 people.
我去加利福尼亚诺瓦克看了现场 Well, I went out to look at the Newark, California, facility,
非常棒 which was extraordinary.
她的故事太吸引人了 Well, you know, her story's so compelling.
你想想看 你去现场看到 I mean, if you think about it, you go in and you see
有这么一位女士 this woman lives in an apartment--
她只把公寓当做"睡觉的地方" basically, she called her apartment a mattress.
冰箱里只有瓶装水 The only thing in the refrigerator was bottled water.
她三餐都在办公室吃 She ate all the meals at the office.
一天只睡四小时 She slept four hours a day.
她会在办公室一直工作到午夜左右 She worked in the office till midnight or thereabouts.
你问她会去约会吗 "不 没有... You ask, do you date? "No, I don't have it--
我已经嫁给了希拉洛斯" I'm married to Theranos."
那就是她...基本上是她原话 That was her-- that's literally her words,
她就是那么说的 而我也相信了 what she said to me, and I believed it.
你总穿黑色衣服 为什么 You wear black outfits a lot. Why?
为了能保证... Because in line with the...
让我的人生能够把 designing my life to be able to give
所有精力投入到这项事业 every bit of energy I have to this,
我的衣橱里放着很多套 I have a closet that has a very large number
一模一样的衣服 of the exact same set of clothes,
每一天 and every single day,
我都穿一样的衣服 就不需要思考穿什么 I put the same thing on, and I don't have to think about it.
史蒂夫·乔布斯之前也那么说 Steve Jobs used to say that, too.
他穿牛仔裤 He wore jeans.
很显然 她就是... She was obviously, you know,
史蒂夫·乔布斯是她的偶像 Steve Jobs was her hero.
我就觉得 她是个年轻人 And I just felt, oh, well, she's a young person.
我能理解 她们有偶像去崇拜这种情况 You know, I'll give them their little hero worship thing.
我非常钦佩乔布斯的作为 I'm a tremendous admirer of what Jobs did.
我觉得他是个天才 I think he was a genius.
我也要说一下 I do have to disclose that
从七岁起我就穿黑色高领了 I've been in black turtlenecks since I was seven.
我想花点时间来讲讲 I want to talk for just a minute about
现在在这家公司工作意味着什么 what it means to be in this company right now.
昨天我和巴西总统共进午餐 I was sitting yesterday with the president of Brazil for lunch,
这位女士邀请了我 and this woman had invited me,
谷歌的埃里克·施密特 马克·扎克伯格 and Eric Schmidt from Google, and Mark Zuckerberg,
还有爱彼迎的高管们 and the Airbnb guys,
优步的高管 and the Uber guys,
和其他的一些人 and a bunch of other people,
然后她与这些人围坐一起 and she sits down at the table with all these people,
我们都带着耳机 同声传译 and we all have the headphones on, translators,
然后她说 "巴西的战略重点 and she says, "The strategic priority of Brazil
就是能获得低成本诊断方法 is to get access to low cost diagnostics
以便完成早期疾病确诊 that can facilitate early detection
和预防 还有..." and prevention and..."
我们都坐在那 然后就发现 We're all kind of sitting there, and you can see, like,
所有其他的首席执行官们都... all the other CEOs' faces being like...
不想成为引人注目的那个 not wanting to be the ones in the spotlight,
而她就一直说这些 说了大约一个半小时 and she kept on doing this for like an hour and a half.
当然 我也尽量保持低调 And so, of course, I'm trying to, you know, be humble,
但我... but I'm...
我第一次见到她时 When I first met her,
就觉得她很有意思 I thought she was really interesting.
艾瑞卡·张 实验员
因为...她给人的感觉很难形容 It was... It was hard to really get a sense of who she was,
但某种程度上 我确实在很多方面崇拜她 but in a way, I felt I idolized her in so many ways,
基于我能读到的关于她 并不多的介绍 based on, like, the little that I had read.
很高兴见到你 我是伊丽莎白 Nice to meet you. I'm Elizabeth.
作为一个科学界的女性 For being a woman in the sciences,
一个技术界的女性 being a woman in tech,
她能自己创办公司这件事本身 the fact that she started her own company,
就让我很兴奋 that really got me excited.
她曾经是个很好的榜样 You know, she was a really good idol to have.
非常感谢 Thank you so much.
其实某种意义上 我太天真了 In a sense, I was super naive and like,
就好像喝酷爱饮料喝的太快那样 almost drank the Kool-Aid, like, a little too quickly,
于是更加渴望成为他们的一员 and was just more enthusiastic to be a part of the team.
你们参与的事业 You all are part of something
将成为巨大变革 你们参与的事业 that is a revolution, and you're part of something
也将改变世界 that is going to change our world.
人生中还有什么目标 What higher purpose is there in life
能比这个更崇高吗 than to be able to be doing that?
我去面试的时候 When I went on an interview,
伊丽莎白也出席了 Elizabeth was there.
我很惊讶 And I was a little surprised,
谢丽·加夫纳 前台
因为我的岗位职级很低 considering I would be the low man on the totem pole.
后来我才发现 想要加入这家公司 I found out later there was no one
必须经过她同意 that got past her in order to get hired.
听起来也许很奇怪 但我对她的第一印象是 I know this sounds odd, but my first impression was
她根本不眨眼 that she didn't blink.
所以我一直想保持足够的 And so, I always wanted to make sure that I kept
眼神交流 因为我不想让她觉得我 great eye contact 'cause I didn't want to be the one
眼神闪躲 to look over, right?
她是个激情四射的人 Uh, so, she was very intense.
小小一滴 改变一切 希拉洛斯
和我在旧金山湾区参加的 Comparing it to the other interviews that I had
其他科技公司面试相比 这里很不一样 with other tech companies in the Bay Area, it was different.
关于他们是做什么的 You know, they didn't tell me
他们几乎没透露给我 nearly as much about
任何信息 what they were doing.
她面试期间也从未眨过眼 She never blinked during the interview.
她确实讲过 She did tell me about
戴夫·菲利皮德斯 工程师
什么小小一滴的话 just the one drop of blood
也说了她们是一家医药检测企业 and it's a medical testing company.
他们没说公司运转的方式 Um, they didn't say anything about how it worked,
也没说这项技术是什么 or what the technology was.
只是说 "你要跟消耗品打交道" They just said, "You'll be working with consumables,"
这说法非常模糊 which was kind of vague.
他们如何向你描绘这个项目的 How did they describe the project?
根本没描绘 They didn't.
道格拉斯·马特杰 生物化学家
那你如何知道自己要做的工作是什么 So, how did you know what you were signing on for?
我曾以为我有模糊的概念 但现在看并没有 You know, I had a very vague idea, but I didn't.
其实那种做法在初创公司不鲜见 That's actually not that untypical in startup environments.
他们都想把自己在做的事当做机密 They want to keep what they're doing secret.
行业内的检测公司巨头们 The response of the major lab companies
都回应说 "我们不知道 was to say, "Well, we don't know
-他们如何做到这件事的" -没错 - how they're doing what they're doing." And - Exactly.
如果这技术这么棒 他们为什么不展示出来 And if it's so great, why don't they show it?
他们都说 你的秘密也太多了 There's too much secrecy is what they said.
对 他们是这么说的 Right, that's exactly what they said.
我们对此的立场是 首先 And, you know, our position on that is, first of all,
我们认为没有必要 we don't think that we need
向竞争对手公司做自我辩解 to explain ourselves to competitive companies.
我们要做的就是发明一个综合解决方案 What we're working to do is to invent an integrated solution
让每个人都能 where every person gets access
通过一小滴血液 获得海量信息 to this wealth of information from tiny droplets of blood,
并及时检测数据的变化 and then see how they change over time.
她提到过诸如 现在 She talked some about currently,
你可能每年只做一次血检 you get a blood test maybe once a year,
对健康状况有个大概的了解 就像拍照片 and so you get a snapshot of what's going on.
而如果你开始每月做一次血检 If you were to start doing it every month, say,
那就好比拍了影片 you would get a movie.
这部影片包含很多情节 You have multiple frames from that movie,
你可以通过不同情节的发展 and you can begin to see the context
来观察个人的发展方向 of projecting where someone is heading.
你可以随时了解数据的变化 You're seeing changes in laboratory data over time,
并理解它们的临床意义 and understanding the clinical significance of that.
这些数据的运用将会更有意义 The data can be used in a more meaningful way.
这是非常个性化的医学手段 It was personalized medicine.
也许你就能很早发现什么病症 Maybe you could catch something very early.
检测到早期癌症 You know, you could catch an early cancer,
或者可能是...至少还有时间去治疗 or you could get-- you know, when there was still time.
这个愿景是很广大的 This was sort of the vast vision.
爱迪生的作用就是 So, the idea with the Edison was to stick
把实验室浓缩到这一个盒子里 the lab inside the box.
但由于它要包含的项目过多 Because it incorporates so many different disciplines,
根本很难实现 it's hard to pull this off.
要把所有这些不同零件 There's all these different components
放到设备里 that go into the machine.
离心机 还有... There's a centrifuge, there's a...
瑞安·维斯托特 研发
放样本的小东西 a little thing the samples go into.
还要有刺针取血的配件 There's a way to prick the blood.
这些都是最基础的 对吗 All these things were prototypes, right?
首先要做的就是 看看药剂师们怎么做 The first thing is, you look at what the chemists are doing.
托尼·努根特 副首席执行官 产品研发
对不对 Right. Right?
因为你只是把人的操作自动化 Because you're automating what somebody is already doing.
而不是发明出全新的操作方式 You're not inventing something totally new.
这个探头就好比是在跳舞 I'm going to have to have a kind of dance, let's say, right?
我需要把东西放到对的位置 I'm going to have to have this thing go to the place,
要能拾取 要能投放 pick up something, drop off something,
还要混合 等等 mix something, etcetera.
初始想法就是 用移液管 The idea was the pipette
刺入这些小的塑料容器内 poked holes into these little plastic containers
并向里面注入试剂 with reagents in them.
将试剂和血液混合 It mixes some of the reagents with blood.
我的小组就是负责 My group was responsible for developing
开发大约六十种测试 about 60 different tests,
然后让它们全部能在爱迪生上实现操作 and trying to get those to work on the Edisons.
关键点在于你怎么能够让测试稳定 The trick was how do you make it dependable,
然后就是 如何将其融入一个 then how do you incorporate it into a bigger process
单份五十毫升 但数量众多样本的大流程里 that involves these 50 milliliter samples?
它是个很繁复的设备 It was a complex device.
有很多移动部件 系统也很复杂 You know, a lot of moving parts, and a complicated system.
全部都实现并不容易 所以... It's not easy to do all this stuff, so it was...
但我以为我们早晚能做到 You know, I figured we'd get there.
我们当时觉得我们在进展中 We felt we were on the path
能够最终做出一台机器来实现这些 to be able to make machines that could do this.
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 我们正在录音中 Elizabeth Holmes, we're on the record
但你随时可以叫停 unless you tell me not.
我来开场 你认为自己小的时候... Let me begin. When you think about yourself as a child...
我多次采访过她 I had multiple interviews with her,
有一次是去帕洛阿尔托的一家中餐厅 but one of them was to go to a Chinese restaurant in Palo Alto.
那里的食物很美味 And it was really good food.
我很幸运 能够很早就想清楚 I had the blessing of being able to figure out
我想要... what I...
谢谢你...做什么 Thank you. ...wanted to do very early.
我对创造事物的概念非常感兴趣 And I was very interested in the concept of creating things.
那时候我 也就七岁 我有一个记事本 I must've been, like, seven, and I had a notebook
里面是完整的时间机器设计图 of a complete design for a time machine.
是非常细致的图纸 It was a very detailed drawing
操作界面的所有功能都有所描述 of all the functionality, in terms of the interface.
我真的对于创造事物 I got really interested in the idea
非常着迷 of creating and building something.
但最终 我还是清楚地认识到 But ultimately, it became clear to me
商业载体才是能够 that the vehicle of a business provides
推动改变的最重要工具 the greatest tool for being able to affect change.
圣约翰中学 2001-2002
2002 伊丽莎白·霍姆斯
敢于梦想 开怀大笑 伸手摘星辰
我小时候非常好学 I was very studious.
我很少看电视 I never really watched TV.
不管小学还是中学 As I went through school and went through high school,
我最好的朋友都是...书籍 my best friends were... were books.
《白鲸》
我从很小的年纪 就痴迷于《白鲸》 I got into Moby Dick and The Iliad and The Odyssey
《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 at a pretty young age.
理解了伟大的人格和领袖 Understanding how great people and great leaders
如何引领大家 led groups of people.
我们的社会正经历很多技术变革 So much changes in our society technologically,
但作为人类 我们其实没怎么变 but as humans, we don't change a lot, you know?
斯坦福是充满高科技氛围的 This is a high tech atmosphere around Stanford.
互联网 初创公司 生物科技和医药 Internet, the startups, the biotech, and medicine.
我从1984年开始在系里任职 I started on the faculty here in 1984.
现在是终身教授 I'm currently a tenured professor.
我也曾经是很多私营 And I was on boards of companies,
和上市公司的董事会成员 many private and public companies,
我也创办过很多公司 and I started a couple of companies.
所以对商界感兴趣的孩子 So, I tend to be sought out
都喜欢来找我 by kids who have an interest in business.
他们创造了很多财富 And people have made fortunes.
菲丽思·加德纳博士 医学博士 医学教授 斯坦福大学
那些学生 年轻人们 Students, young people,
变成亿万富翁 turn into multimillionaires.
这造就了一个奇怪的道德氛围 It makes for an odd morality.
当我在斯坦福上学时 我开始把所有时间 When I was at Stanford, I started to spend all my time
用在思考 如何创造出一个方法 thinking about how you could build something
能改变我们对于早期诊断 that would change what we know
和预防机制的现有认知 in terms of early detection and prevention.
美国专利 霍姆斯 分析物监控和药物传输医学设备 发明者 伊丽莎白·A·霍姆斯 伯林厄姆 加利福尼亚州 希拉洛斯有限公司 帕洛阿尔托 加利福尼亚州 美国
我申请了自己的第一项专利 I filed my first patent.
有一天 伊丽莎白找到我 One day, Elizabeth came to me
描述了她的想法 and she described her idea.
她想把微流体和纳米科技 She wanted to incorporate microfluidics
整合到一块药贴上 and nanotechnology into a patch,
通过它 可以取血样 where you could sample the blood,
并检测到感染 and detect an infection,
然后即时通过药贴输入抗生素 and then at that point, deliver antibiotics through it.
22 分析 23 生物活性剂
但这并不可行 从自然规律来说是不可能的 Well, you can't do that. It's impossible, physically.
抗生素效用不够 你不能这么做 Antibiotics are not potent. You cannot do that.
现在操作需要大的血袋是有原因的 对吗 There's a reason you have a big IV bag when-- Okay.
所以我说 "伊丽莎白 想法很有趣 So I said, "Elizabeth, that's fun,
但我觉得这行不通" but I don't think that's going to work."
她那时十九岁 She was a 19-year-old.
从不觉得自己人生会有什么极限 She never thought she had any limits.
她觉得自己要征服世界 She was going to conquer the world.
她后来可能又来过两次 She came back twice, I think.
但我真的只能说... And I just really...
"我会尽力帮助学生 但我觉得我帮不了你 "I try to help students, but I just feel I can't help you.
你听不进去劝告 You're not listening,
但我会帮你再找个人 你去跟他聊吧" but I'll help you find someone else to talk to."
这曾经是我导师的办公室 This used to be my advisor's office.
我们进来了 We got in.
我第一次见她 From the very first time I met her,
就清晰地感觉到她与众不同 it was very clear she was unusual.
我在斯坦福教过 I've taught thousands of students,
钱宁·罗伯森 希拉洛斯顾问
成千上万的学生 所以... at Stanford, and...
我马上就知道 I knew right away
我所面对的这件事非常不同寻常 that I was dealing with something very, very different.
钱宁·罗伯森 斯坦福大学科学学科负责人 Channing Robinson, the head of the science department at Stanford,
放弃自己的终身教授职位来给她工作 leaves his tenured position to work for her?
他当时觉得这位女士非常特别 He just thought this woman was something special.
那种 看着她的眼睛 You know, gazing into her eyes,
觉得自己看到了下一个 and realizing that he was talking to the next...
史蒂夫·乔布斯或者比尔·盖茨 Steve Jobs or Bill Gates.
我们对话期间 还提到了一些 There were some other names mentioned
其他的名字 比如阿基米德 during the course of our conversation, like Archimedes.
我起初 并没有想 I actually, originally, did not
从斯坦福辍学 intend to drop out of Stanford,
但我也并不会去上课了 既然如此... but I wasn't going to any classes, and so then...
...从逻辑上说 不辍学是在浪费钱财 ...logistically, it just seemed like a waste of money.
问题是 The question was,
作为一个十九岁的人 如何才能有效的 as a 19-year-old, how do you go about the process
让人们相信 你知道自己在做什么 of convincing people that you know what you're doing,
让人相信你能成功 and that you can pull it off.
我觉得首先是要意识到 I think the first piece is realizing
这不一定与年龄有关 that it's not necessarily about age, and...
史蒂夫·乔布斯 比尔·盖茨 um, people, like Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates,
谷歌员工 and the Google guys,
迈克尔·戴尔 拉里·埃里森 and Michael Dell, and Larry Ellison,
以及其他人 都证明了这一点 and others, have demonstrated that.
你必须相信自己 You have to have the conviction in yourself
才能取得成功 to be able to make something happen
因为归根到底 这取决于你 because, ultimately, it's up to you.
我认为 我不想创造一个 You know, I don't think I would want to create a society
人们对他们可能取得的成就 where people were not overconfident
不会太过自信的社会 in what they could achieve.
丹·艾瑞里 行为经济学家
如果这样 Like who would open a restaurant
还有谁会开餐馆 谁又会... if that was the case, or who would...
创办新公司呢 who would do a startup?
但我认为问题的关键在于 But I think this is really the issue,
一方面 你如何成为有远见的人 is to say how do you become a person of vision on one hand,
另一方面 你如何推销这种远见 and how do you sell that vision on the other hand,
但你也想保持... but you also want to stay...
不是现实 而是有点接近于现实 not realistic, but, you know, little closer to realistic
当任务需要的时候 when the task needs it.
你必须能不相信自己的鬼话 You have to be able not to buy your own bullshit.
是的 Yes.
我们的新家 希拉洛斯
你04年注册成立了该公司 You incorporate the company in '04.
-对 -期间的九年里发生了什么 - Yeah. - What happened in the intervening nine years?
我们那段时间 Our work during that period of time
在为制药公司工作 was for pharmaceutical companies,
并为军队开发应用程序 and for developing applications for the military.
但那种模式现在要改变了 But that model's going to evolve now
因为我们正处于生命周期的另一个拐点 'cause we're at another inflection point in our life cycle--
但你们想过上市吗 But are you thinking about an IPO or...
我们相信 作为一家私人公司 Well, we really believe that there's value
是有好处的 in being a private company.
我们可以不必事先说明 It's allowed us to not have to talk about,
我们在做什么 直到做完并推行 you know, what we're doing until it's done and introduce,
那不可思议的创新 而不必... you know, incredible innovation without...
仅用她的故事作为成功的蓝图 Using just her story as the blueprint for success,
霍姆斯就能说服私人投资者 Holmes would convince private investors
在未看到经审计的财务报表的情况下 to put up hundreds of millions of dollars
投入数亿美元 without ever looking at audited financial statements.
我们认为 投资是种理性行为 We like to think that investing is a rational equation,
需仔细衡量风险和回报 a careful balance sheet of risk and reward.
但事实上 投资者 But in fact, investors,
尤其是早期进入市场的人 particularly ones who come in early,
常常按直觉行事 are often guided by their gut.
早期投资者不依靠事实 Instead of relying on facts,
更像是听天由命 自求多福 early investing can be more like a wing and a prayer.
"信用"这个词来源于拉丁语credo The word credit comes from the Latin word credo,
意思是"我相信" which means "I believe."
早期的一些信徒包括 Some of the early believers included
苹果公司前软件主管 阿维·特范尼安 a former head of software at Apple, Avie Tevanian,
甲骨文公司创始人 拉里·埃里森 Oracle's founder, Larry Ellison,
甲骨文公司创业投资人 唐·卢卡斯 and a founding investor of Oracle, Don Lucas.
他们都很推崇伊丽莎白 They conferred respectability on Elizabeth,
尽管他们都看不到财务报表 even though they had no record to go on,
只有一个模糊的信念 她天生就懂 just a vague belief that business and medicine
商业和医学 were in her blood.
我想她当时可能只有21岁 I think she probably was 21 years old,
没有任何商业背景 had no background in business,
但她的曾祖父是位企业家 but her great-grandfather was an entrepreneur.
所以她家有企业家的血统 So, that's on the entrepreneur's side,
而她却选择了医学 but she was on the medical side.
后来发现 Ah, turns out later
他们住的那家医院 the hospital in there, where they live
唐·卢卡斯 投资人
是以她舅公的名字命名的 is named after her great-uncle,
他曾从事医学工作 所以她才能 who was involved with medicine, so she came by both of these...
两者兼备 the two things that are necessary here,
一边是医学 另一边是企业家 one medicine and the other entrepreneur...
非常自然 quite naturally.
我记得那天伊丽莎白 I remember the day Elizabeth came in,
兴冲冲地走进来 full of vim and vigor,
说 "我从斯坦福退学了" and said, "I'm dropping out of Stanford."
我认识她父母 And I knew her parents,
她和她弟很小时我就认识他们了 and I knew her and her brother as they were growing up.
她是我女儿的好朋友 She was a good friend of my daughter's.
我问 "你父母知道你从斯坦福退学吗" I said, "Do your parents know you're dropping out of Stanford?"
蒂姆·德雷珀 投资人
她说 "是的 他们同意 这是件好事 She said, "Yes, yes! And they agree, and it's a great thing.
"我在斯坦福学到了 "And I learned at Stanford
"整个医疗保健系统是怎么运作的 "how this whole health care thing is working,
而且不止如此" and it's just not."
然后 她说 "我要改变我们已知的 And then she said, "I'm going to change health care
医疗保健系统" 我对此很感兴趣 as we know it." I was all over it.
我想 这是个好机会 I thought that was a great opportunity.
伊丽莎白是你家世交 I mean, Elizabeth was a family friend.
你从她还是个小姑娘时就认识她 You'd known her since she was a little girl.
你最初投资时 Did that go into your thinking,
有考虑过这一点吗 in terms of your initial investment?
没有 我们...我从事风投很多年了 No. We've been-- I've been in the venture business a long time.
我是特斯拉和网络电话公司的首位投资人 I was the first investor in Tesla, first investor in Skype,
也是百度和热邮公司的首位投资人 first investor in Baidu, first investor in Hotmail.
我总是在早期投资 I always invest early.
当我看到前景 I invest when I see a vision,
机会 I see the opportunity,
能成功的人 就会投资 and I see the person who I think can make it there.
我们会投资 I mean, we invest in, you know,
一个女孩和一条狗 或两个男人和一只猫 a girl and a dog, or two guys and a cat.
我们只是问 "这人会贡献毕生精力 We just say, "Is this person going to dedicate their life,
创造非凡吗" and make something extraordinary happen?"
希拉洛斯
是的 在那种情况下 她就是那个人 And yes, in that case, she was that person.
事实是 数据 So, the reality is that data
并不像故事一样 just doesn't sit in our mind
能长久地停留在我们的脑海里 as much as stories do.
故事像胶水一样 整合了所有数据 It's almost like the glue that takes all of the data,
更重要的是 and even more important,
它有数据所没有的情感 stories have emotions that data doesn't.
情感会让人们 And emotions get people to...
做各种事 好的和不好的 to do all kinds of things, good and bad.
如果你想想那些了解很少数据 And if you think about the people who invested in her
就给她投资的人 with very little amount of data,
他们就是受到感召力和信任的影响 it's about having an emotional appeal and about having trust,
相信那个故事 被其感动 and believing the story, and being moved by this,
还能给他们自己编造故事 and being able to tell themselves a story.
十年来 我们从事这项工作 For 10 years, we did this work.
我们没有网站 We didn't have a website.
我们从未发布新闻 We never put out a press release.
完全埋头苦干 It was completely heads down.
我们相信获得可行的健康信息是项基本人权
当我们意识到 When we got to a point in which we realized
我们所做的可以服务于个人 that what we were doing could serve individuals,
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 希拉洛斯主席 首席执行官和创始人
董事会成员
我想找那些 I wanted to find the people
在战略上很明智的人 who were just strategically brilliant.
乔治·P·舒尔茨
盖里·罗海德
亨利·A·基辛格
萨姆·纳恩
威廉·J·佩里
中央司令部前指挥官马蒂斯将军 General Mattis, who was former CENTCON Commander,
詹姆斯·N·马蒂斯
是我们的董事会成员 is one of our board members.
富国银行前首席执行官迪克·科瓦切维奇也是 Dick Kovacevich, who is the former CEO of Wells Fargo is another.
萨姆·纳恩在核威胁和生物威胁方面 Sam Nunn has done some incredible work
做了极为出色的工作 on nuclear threats as well as biothreats.
前国防部长比尔·佩里 Bill Perry, former secretary of defense.
此处口误 美国前国防部长应是威廉·佩里
前国务卿亨利·基辛格 Henry Kissinger, former secretary of state.
还有乔治·舒尔茨 And George Shultz,
他当时是国务卿 who was secretary of state
兼劳动和财政部长 and labor and secretary of treasury.
大约三年前 我看着她说 "好吧 About three years ago, I looked at her and I said, "Well,
我就要跟我孙女的一位朋友会面了" I'm about to have a meeting with a friend of my granddaughter."
是的 她一开始说话 Yes. As soon as she started talking,
我就惊讶地看了她一眼 I did a double take...
我第一次遇到伊丽莎白是在我祖父家的客厅 I first met Elizabeth in my grandfather's living room.
他给我打电话说 要请一位 So, he had called me up and said that he was going to have
聪明的女士过去讨论一下 some brilliant woman over to have a discussion.
泰勒·舒尔茨 研发工程师
他觉得我会有兴趣来 He thought that I would be interested in coming,
所以我去了他家 so I went to his house.
有我 我祖父和伊丽莎白 It was me, my grandfather, Elizabeth,
戴安娜·范士丹当时也在那里 and Dianne Feinstein was there as well.
伊丽莎白一直在说 她改变诊断方式的梦想 Elizabeth kind of pitched her dream of changing the way
已实现 正真正彻底改变这个领域 diagnostics is done, really revolutionizing the field.
是的 我当时对希拉洛斯公司非常狂热 Yeah, I was totally gung-ho about Theranos.
我对她所说的感到非常兴奋 I was really excited about what she was talking about.
我很想知道这项技术到底是什么 I really wanted to know what the technology was.
实际上 我在那次会面中问她 And I actually asked her, in that meeting,
我能否暑假去那里实习 if I could intern there over the summer.
我问 你们那里招实习生吗 I said, do you guys take interns?
我想研究这个 这听起来太神奇了 Like, I want to work on this. This sounds amazing.
我们认为 We think that...
在预防医学领域 there's going to be a revolution
将会有一场革命 in preventive medicine.
他跟伊丽莎白的关系真的很好 I mean, he had a really close relationship with Elizabeth.
她几乎成为了我家的一员 She was almost like... becoming part of the family.
她会来参加我们的生日聚会 来过圣诞节 She was coming to our birthday parties and Christmases.
我们认为 关于医疗保健系统 We think this is one of the most optimistic things out there
及其成本和问题 这是最乐观的事之一了 about the health care system and its costs and its problems.
你去和乔治·舒尔茨谈谈就知道 You talk to George Shultz.
他是个很了不起的人 He's a very impressive man.
让我印象深刻的是 他对她就像自己的女儿 And I was impressed that he adopted her like a daughter.
真的很相信她 He really believed in her.
从外面看 你只会想 From the outside, all you're thinking is,
好厉害的董事会 wow, what a board!
对吗 真的很令人惊叹 Right? I mean, it's just impressive.
我跟他们大多数人都聊过 他们真的 And they were really-- and I talked to most of them.
真的对她印象很好 They were impressed with-- really impressed with her.
马蒂斯将军 我们正在录音 This is General Mattis. I assume we're on the record,
只要你叫停 我们就会停止录音 unless you tell me not, and I'll shut off this recorder.
-但是 -好吧 - But... - Okay.
当想到伊丽莎白 When you think of Elizabeth,
你脑中出现的第一个词是什么 what are the first words that come to your mind?
詹姆斯·马蒂斯的声音
第一个词是"正直" First is integrity,
"能力" uh, competence,
不仅是科学和技术方面的能力 and competence is both technical, scientific,
也是关注人权的能力 but also focused on human rights
最经典意义上的人权到底是什么 in the most classical sense of what human rights are about.
突然 你就有能力知道 And all of a sudden, you have the ability to know
一个人有没有生病 if someone is ill or not. I mean,
只要花几分钟 literally, within minutes of taking...
用一滴血 you know, a drop of blood.
我是说 她是 And I mean, she is really...
真正意义上的革命者 a revolutionary in the truest sense.
和那些人在一起感觉相当奇妙 It was quite amazing to spend time with these people.
他们对她的夸赞堪比贝多芬 They were talking about her as if she were Beethoven.
是大概每一百年 As if she was this rare creature
或两百年才出一个的罕见人物 that maybe one in a century or two in a century come along,
能真正改变这个世界 who really can change the world.
我还记得我我采访亨利·基辛格 And I remember when I interviewed Henry Kissinger,
我在医疗事务方面并不信任他 I didn't trust him on medical stuff,
更不要说柬埔寨方面的事了 not to mention on Cambodia, but...
但当我问到他对她的看法 but when I asked him about her,
他是这么说的 he described...
优秀的女商人 Excellent businesswoman.
亨利·基辛格的声音
让我看看能否调到外放 Let me see that I can put this on speaker for a minute.
-对我来说更方便 -好的 - Be easier for me. - Okay.
好吧 但我不知道该怎么做 Yeah, but I don't know how to do that.
你调到... You put it on ho--
-现在怎么样 -我清楚听到你的声音 - How about it now? - I hear you loud and clear.
-你还好吗 -很好 - You okay? - Perfect.
你觉得她对董事会的管理怎么样 What's your impression of how she runs the board?
你必须记住
她有种超凡脱俗的品质
就像修道会成员
我听说 你曾说过这些董事会会议 I'm told you once said that these board meetings,
整天都在开... which go on all day...
是的 我在一些场合跟她说过
这些董事会会议
是侵犯人权
无论你怎么看待亨利·基辛格 You know, whatever you think of Henry Kissinger,
他见过许多领导人 许多世界领导人 he's met a lot of leaders, he's met a lot of world leaders,
和许多企业领袖 he met a lot of corporate leaders.
我以为他可能有判断力 I thought he might be a judge,
但事实是 but the truth is that
罗杰·帕洛夫 《财富杂志》
他们这些人没一个真正知道... none of these people were really in a position to know what--
该评判什么 因为他们没这个资格 To judge 'cause they didn't have the qualifications.
是的 不 没有 Yeah. No. No.
在我看来 她并不是真的想 She didn't really want scientific input
菲丽思·加德纳博士 医学博士 斯坦福大学医学教授
在科学方面做出成就 from what I could determine.
工程方面多一点 Engineering a bit more
因为她在发明一个设备 'cause she was inventing an engineering device,
而不是药物 but not medicine.
她与非常有权势的老头结盟 She aligned herself with very powerful older men
他们似乎为某种魅力所倾倒 who seemed to succumb to a certain charm, and...
这些有权势的人可以影响政府人员 those powerful men could influence people in the government,
影响国防部 influence the Department of Defense.
当我问她 这一切是否都是为了得到政府合同 When I asked her was this all about getting government contracts,
她对我的问题顾左右而言他 she danced around my questions about that.
我们所做的一切 Everything that we're doing
都可能用于我们为军队做的某项工作 may go into certain work we do for the military,
那些我们真的无法公开发布 which we really couldn't put on the record.
私下说 我们在为军队做一些工作 Well, off the record, we were doing some work for the military,
这点我们可以私下聊 which we can talk about off the record.
为什么要私下聊 Why would that be off the record?
通常 我们在这些事上的原则是 You know, generally, our philosophy on these things is
如果谈论有一定目的 才谈 talk about it if there's a purpose to talking about it,
而这只是... and there just--
那你能说说你的 So, could you say anything about
军方合同吗 the military contracts you have? I mean...
不行 No.
当你... 我总有一天会让你感到内疚 When you-- I'm going to make you feel guilty at some point.
你已经做到了 你也很擅长这一点 You already have. You're good at it too.
在谈话中 伊丽莎白暗示说 In conversations, Elizabeth suggested
她与军方已签订了合同 that she had contracts with the military.
在一份营销材料的版面设计中 In a mock-up of marketing materials,
希拉洛斯编造了一段马蒂斯将军的言论 Theranos invented a quote from General Mattis
是有关计划在战区受伤的士兵身上 about a battle plan to use Edisons
使用"爱迪生"的言论 on wounded soldiers in combat zones,
但将军从未说过这话 but this never happened.
在批准希拉洛斯在士兵身上使用那些机器前 Before permitting Theranos to use the machines on soldiers,
五角大楼官员想自己先进行测试 Pentagon officials wanted to run their own tests,
但伊丽莎白拒绝了 but Elizabeth declined.
她有项政策 控制演示 She had a policy of controlling demonstrations
并严密防守不让人接触"爱迪生"样机 and tightly guarding access to the Edison prototypes.
我反复催他们 I pressed them repeatedly,
肯·奥莱塔 《纽约客》
他们就不同意 最终 and I wasn't allowed, and finally,
我坚持请求说 "我需要看到机器" I persisted in asking. "I need to see the machine."
她对我说 And she said to me,
"好吧 我们会让你看到机器 "All right, we'll let you see the machine,
但你必须答应不描述该机器" but you have to agree not to describe the machine."
那是在楼下 It was downstairs,
一个你从所有玻璃办公室都看不到的地方 in an area you couldn't see from all the glassed offices.
实验室是个很大的 迷宫般的地方 The lab is a large, labyrinthian place
里面满是忙碌的化学家和技术人员 bustling with chemists and technicians,
还摆放着一排机器 and housing rows of machines,
每一台都能轻易被单人举起 each easy for a single person to lift,
里面放着盛血的容器 in which the container of blood is placed.
机器里到底发生了什么 What exactly happens in the machine
被视为国家级机密 is treated as a state secret,
而福尔摩斯对这一过程的描述 and Holmes's description of the process
模糊得可笑 was comically vague.
化学物质发生反应 A chemistry is performed,
化学反应会 so a chemical reaction occurs
产生一种 and generates a signal
来自于样本化学反应的信号 from the chemical interaction with the sample,
然后将信号转化为结果 which is then translated into a result...
然后由有资质的实验室人员 Which is then reviewed by certified
进行审查 laboratory personnel.
引用结束 她补充说 仰赖于所谓的 End quote. She added that thanks to, quote...
小型化 miniaturization
和自动化 我们才能 and associated automation that we're able to...
处理这些微小的样本 handle these tiny samples.
好了 那么 All right, so...
你有什么想说的 桑尼 Comments? Sunny?
我只是想对伊丽莎白 So, I just want to expand a little bit
刚刚所说的做一点补充 on a comment that Elizabeth made.
要知道 我们是一家非常保守的公司 You know, we are a very conservative company
因为我们认为 because we think
你应该在高谈阔论之前把事情做好 that you should get things done before you talk about them.
对吧 而这就是我们创造的文化 Right? And that's the culture we have created.
我只是希望你们都能记住 So, I just want all of you to remember
当我们每天来工作的时候 that when we come to work every day that we carry
我们的内心每一天都带着使命感 that sense of mission in your hearts every single day...
90年代末 Sunny was very successful
桑尼创办的科技公司非常成功 in the late '90s with a tech company
卖了很多钱 that sold for a lot of money.
对我来说他在某种程度上 He seemed kind of like a
就像是马克·库班型的人物 Mark Cuban character, potentially, to me,
他在正确的时间 正确的地点出现 in some ways, where he was at the right place, the right time.
赚得盆满钵满 Made a lot of money.
他的专长是软件和信息技术 His expertise was software and IT.
我们在做的工作非常非常难 What we are doing is really, really difficult
因为我们要对抗一个 because we're going against an entire system
不相信预防的可能性的一整个体系 that doesn't believe that prevention is possible.
我一直觉得桑尼在做交易 I always felt like Sunny was making a deal, you know?
比如 他懂点技术 但也只够贩卖出去 Like, he knew the technology, but just enough to sell it.
对他来说 这是他即将打出的又一个本垒打 To him, this was another home run that he was going to hit.
他四十九岁 而她年方三十 He was 49 and she was 30,
但她是这段关系中的主导人物 but she was the dominant figure in that relationship.
当他提及她 And when he talked about her,
他用了非常恭敬的方式 he talked about her in a very deferential way,
说她是个天才 that she was kind of a genius.
当他谈论伊丽莎白 When he spoke about Elizabeth,
他非常恭敬 he was really... reverential.
"伊丽莎白是我们这个时代最重要的发明家" "Elizabeth is the most important inventor of our times."
我觉得桑尼把她视为 You know, I think Sunny saw
自己永远无法成为的偶像人物 her as this iconic figure that he could never be,
因此 他在她身上 and so he, I think, found
找到了提升自己的工具 this vehicle for him to advance himself in her,
而她也正有此意 and, you know, she was on board for it, too.
她和他一起住在帕洛阿尔托的公寓里 She lived with him at some condo in Palo Alto.
我觉得这里绝对有 I thought that there was definitely
一些背后隐情 something going on behind the scenes there.
他们会一起离开 They certainly would leave together,
来的时间也差不多 they'd come in at similar times.
他们无时不刻地聊天 They're always talking to each other,
线下 线上 会议上 会议外 offline, online, in meetings, outside of meetings.
他们非常亲密 They were very close.
伊丽莎白和桑尼 It wasn't uncommon for Elizabeth and Sunny
从硅谷机场出发参加会议 to go to the Silicon Valley airport
是很平常的事 and go off to some meeting.
他们打算卖掉这东西 They were going to go sell this thing,
做笔交易 go make a deal.
伊丽莎白和桑尼没有向投资者透露他们的 Without disclosing their romantic relationship to investors,
恋爱关系 而是一起飞去参加公司汇报 Elizabeth and Sunny flew off together to corporate presentations,
兜售爱迪生原型机的发展潜力 touting the potential of the Edison prototypes.
其中一家公司沃尔格林 很喜欢这种宣传 One company, Walgreens, loved the pitch.
希拉洛斯系统微型实验室
在这个2010年的幻灯片中 In this 2010 PowerPoint,
希拉洛斯展示了早期版本的爱迪生 Theranos showcased an early version of Edison,
一种便携式血液检测仪 a portable blood testing machine
希拉洛斯系统的有效性(续)
适用于社区诊所场景
可以在世界各地的药店使用 that could be deployed in pharmacies all over the world.
在进行了临床试验之后
希拉洛斯宣称该设备可以 Theranos boasted the device could,
消除对实验室的需求
"消除对实验室的需求" "Eliminate the need for a lab,"
一滴指尖采到的血在几分钟内 by doing up to 200 tests in minutes
希拉洛斯常规实验与现行通用医疗程序编码相匹配
可以进行二百次实验 from a finger-prick drop of capillary blood.
全血细胞计数 白细胞计数 红细胞计数 血红蛋白 红细胞比容 平均红细胞容积
心血管板块 表皮生长因子受体 肌酐 肌钙蛋白 c反应蛋白 同型半胱氨酸
基础新陈代谢板块 钠 钾 钙 氯 二氧化碳 葡萄糖 尿素氮
当时这并不是真的 但沃尔格林一签署合同 It wasn't true then, but once Walgreens signed a contract,
血脂及血糖板块 胆固醇 高密度脂蛋白 低密度脂蛋白 高低密度脂蛋白比值 甘油三酯 超低密度脂蛋白
清蛋白 尿素氮 钙 二氧化碳 氯离子
希拉洛斯就努力让它成为现实 Theranos struggled to make it true, constantly changing
不断改变机器的颜色 形状和结构 the machine's color, shape, and mechanics.
奇怪的是 沃尔格林从来没有查看过 Strangely, Walgreens never looked
这个魔盒任何版本的内部 inside any version of the magic box
看看它是否能实现希拉洛斯的承诺 to see if it could deliver what Theranos promised.
马丁·路德·金有一句名言 There's a great Martin Luther King quote.
"带着信念迈出第一步 "Take the first step in faith.
你不需要看到整个楼梯 "You don't have to see the whole staircase,
只需要迈出第一步" 对吧 just take the first step." Right?
而这 这就是第一步 And this is... this is the first step.
跟我说说爱迪生检测仪 So, talk to me a little bit about the Edison machine.
你认为 跟想要实现的愿景比起来 How would you say it was working in terms of
实际的完成度如何 the vision versus the reality?
很糟 Uh, poorly.
我们不能很好地调节温度 We couldn't regulate temperature very well.
我们不能很有效地转移液体 We couldn't reproducibly transfer fluids.
我们不断地进行各种各样的设计更改 We had all sorts of design changes constantly
但我们一直在努力反对这些更改 that we were trying to fight against,
所以在很多方面 这是一场充满错误的喜剧 so it was a comedy of errors in a lot of ways.
最初关于创造这台仪器的理念 The original concept was to make a machine
至少当时是 化学家们可以进一步 that, at least then, the chemists could work on
发展化学 to further develop chemistry.
假以时日 我们可以进行序列测定 Over time, we were able to run a sequence
并且能够得到相应结果 and we were able to get results.
得到相应结果意味着 Getting results means, you know,
我得到的信号与我输入的量成正比 I get a signal proportional to what I'm putting in.
这并不意味着它已经达到巅峰 对吧 It doesn't mean it's ready for prime time, right?
你要用仪器处理很多液体 You're handling a lot of fluid in the machine.
血溅得到处都是 还变得黏糊糊的 Things got blood spilled all over them and got gunky.
我们的一些捐赠者 Some of the donors that we had were,
只是大街上游荡的 you know, just people off the street
那些需要钱的人 我猜想 who need money, and I imagine that, you know,
他们可能会有 there probably was a fair amount
肝炎之类的疾病 of hepatitis and things like that.
设备会在运行测试过程中卡住 And the device would freeze up in the middle of running a test,
使我不得不把我的手伸进去 and then I would have to reach in there with my hands.
仪器内部有针 There were needles within the device
可以刺破皮肤 that could puncture skin,
而内部 and there's reagents
又到处都是血液和其他一些东西 and blood and everything spilling all over the place.
血液就在管的底部 Blood that's just sitting there in the bottom of the vessel,
蒸发到房间的空气中 evaporating into the air in the room.
里面完全一团糟 It was a mess inside.
仪器的零件会在 Pieces of the device would literally fall off
测试的时候掉下来 in the middle of testing.
离心机在里面爆炸诸如此类的事 Centrifuges exploding inside of it and things like that.
他们显然不想让任何人 Obviously, they didn't want anybody
看到里面实际是什么样 to actually see what was going on in there.
所以 当我们进行演示时 他们会把 So, when we had demos, they would bring investors
一些公司的投资者或高管带到一个房间里 or executives from some company to a room
那里有不同风格的 which would have different styles of Edison
爱迪生原型机 they were prototyping.
他们会扎高管们的手 They would do a fingerstick on the executives,
来为他们做指尖采血 so they'd take a fingerstick of blood.
把血样放进加样仓 They would put the blood into the cartridge,
然后把加样仓推进爱迪生检测仪 and then they would put the cartridge into this Edison.
他们就会把高管带出房间 They'd walk the executives out of the room
带着他们参观 或者带去开会 to go give them a tour, or to go have a meeting,
或者去吃午餐什么的 or go have lunch or whatever,
之后很快工程师会跑进来 and immediately afterwards, an engineer would run in,
拿出加样仓 带去实验室 grab the cartridge and bring it out to the lab,
我的团队会替补上场做实验 where my team would do the assays at the bench.
我们随时待命 这样就能在一小时内完成 We were on call, so this could be done in an hour.
我们每次都得出合理的数据 We got reasonable data every time,
然后得到结果 and then we would get those results,
工程师拿着结果跑进房间 the engineer would run into the room with the results,
然后这些人回来了他们会说 and these guys would come back in and they'd say,
"好了 这是你们的测试结果" "Well, here's your results from running our tests."
每个人都享有同样的低价
我们列在网站上的有二百种不同的测试 We had listed on the webpage, like, 200 different assays,
我们提供超过二百项测试
但是我们真正有效的 but we had no more than
还不足一半 half of those actually validated to be working,
别说爱迪生检测仪了 就是在实验室也不行 even in the lab at that point, let alone on the Edisons.
由于试图完成多项分析 Because it's trying to do multiple analyses,
你需要在仪器中集成太多硬件 you need so much hardware inside the machine,
这是不可能实现的 it was totally impractical.
他们对仪器的体积这么小 They were very adamant about
非常执着 它得是这么大 the machine being this big. It's gotta be this big.
然后我说 And I said,
"我们做不到 "We can't do that.
物理定律就是 "The laws of physics just
不允许我们把这所有我们需要的东西 "Are not going to permit us to cram all the stuff
都塞进这样一歌小小的盒子里" "That we've decided needs to go in there into this little box.
"这盒子能大点吗" "Can the box be bigger?"
而在希拉诺斯的普遍反应是 And a common response at Theranos
就比如是 was something along the lines of,
"好吧 你也许不是 "Well, maybe you're not...
你也许不适合硅谷 "Maybe you're not a Silicon Valley person.
你应该去别的公司工作 如果你不 "You should go work for some other company if you don't...
如果你不相信产品的愿景" "If you don't believe in the vision of the product."
不知道什么时候开始 And what would start off
一场非常严肃的头脑风暴会变成 as a very serious brainstorming meeting would turn into
一场长达两小时的讨论 a two-hour conversation about
讨论将要处理信息的云端的名字 the name of the cloud that's going to process the information.
暂停一下 这个盒子要有多大 It's like, time out. How big does this box need to be
才能遵守热力学定律 to abide by the laws of thermodynamics,
发挥作用 拯救人们的生命 and actually function, and saves people's lives?
这也许比处理信息的云端 Maybe that's more important than the name of the cloud
叫什么名字更重要 that processes the information,
我想最后会变成尤达大师什么的 which I think ended up being Yoda or something.
-最后叫尤达大师吗 -我觉得是 - Was it Yoda? - I think so.
你最喜欢《星球大战》电影里哪句台词 What's your favorite sound from the movie Star Wars?
尤达大师 Yoda.
尤达大师的什么台词 What does Yoda sound like?
尤达大师的台词是 Yoda sounds like,
"要么去做 要么放手 没有尝试一说" "Do or do not. There is no try."
要么去做 要么放手 没有尝试一说 尤达大师
你不能绕过物理定律 You can't just bend your way around the laws of physics.
不是一场盛大的营销运动 You can't just have a great marketing campaign,
就能绕过这些问题 and then get around these things.
桑尼和伊丽莎白 他们不在乎 Sunny and Elizabeth, they didn't care
我们要弄清楚什么地方出了问题 that we figure out what's not working, or make sure
这样才能确保我们能以 that we can actually solve
一种实际的方式解决这些问题 these problems in a real way.
他们似乎总是觉得任何事情都可以 They always seemed to think that everything could happen
发展得很快 如果你说"不" very fast, and if you said no,
那他们马上转头去寻找下一个 then they just went around to find the next person
会说"好"的人 who would say yes.
一般来说 这样的人 他们会更年轻 And generally, they tended to start become younger
也更缺乏经验 对吧 and less experienced, right?
"我们要打破常规 我们不想要那些 "We're going to disrupt. We don't want people
因循守旧的 "Who are stuck in the old ways of actually,
只会验证实验 "You know, validating experiments, and, you know,
墨守成规的人" doing things properly with documentation."
伊恩·吉本斯就是其中一个 One of those people who wanted things done properly
想把事情做好的人 was Ian Gibbons.
他是希拉洛斯的首个实验的 The first experienced scientist hired by Theranos,
血液检测专家 he was an expert in blood testing
在署有伊丽莎白名字的公司的主要专利的获取上 and had done much of the work on the company's key patents,
专利申请公开 流感病毒的实时检测 伊丽莎白·A·福尔摩斯 伊恩·吉本斯
做出了巨大的贡献 to which Elizabeth had attached her name.
专利申请公开 流感病毒的实时检测 伊丽莎白·A·福尔摩斯 伊恩·吉本斯
伊恩是剑桥博士 Ian was a Cambridge PhD.
他知道我们不知道的一些事情 He knew things the rest of us didn't know.
他会和一些年轻的化学家和科学家一起工作 He would work with some of the younger chemists and scientists,
并且帮助他们改进实验 and help them with their experiments,
帮助他们设计实验 help them to design their experiments,
帮助他们分析数据 解读数据等等 help them to analyze their data, interpret their data, etc.
他有丰富的知识 He was just a wealth of knowledge, and it was,
但是这种认知后面也有了变化 you know, at the time, it kind of evolved,
我们认识两年的时间 I knew him for two years,
我对他的看法也在不断改观 and my opinion of him evolved only just to be better
因为他只是努力做到以他的位置能达到的 because he was just trying to make the best of his situation.
正如我在那里看到的 Like, what I got to see there,
我看到他是多么边缘化 I got to see how marginalized he was.
约在2012年 So, in about 2012,
伊恩不再拥有办公室 Ian didn't have an office anymore.
我觉得他隐约感受到了 I think he felt slighted by that.
他不再参与决策 He wasn't involved with decision-making.
他会看着数据说这样行不通的 He would look at data and he said things were not working.
伊恩和桑尼之间确实很不愉快 Ian really got into bad shape with Sunny...
桑尼和伊丽莎白都是 both Sunny and Elizabeth,
因为技术方面有太多问题 because there's so many things wrong with that technology.
像他这样的人在那里不就是为了 And isn't that the point of someone like that being there,
告诉他们这样为什么行不通吗 to tell them why it wasn't going to work?
美国加州北部地区法院旧金山分部
2013年初 希拉洛斯试图阻止伊恩 In early 2013, Theranos tried to prevent Ian
在专利诉讼一案中出席作证 from having to testify in a patent lawsuit.
如果他能提供证据证明伊丽莎白 If he were to give evidence that Elizabeth wasn't
不是她所号称的发明者 the inventor she claimed to be,
公司的一些专利可能会失效 some of the company's patents might be invalidated.
吉本斯 伊恩
随着取证日期的临近 As the date of his deposition approached,
他酗酒并陷入了深深的抑郁 he drank heavily and fell into a deep depression,
害怕诚实会让他失去工作 afraid that honesty might cost him his job.
2013年一些时候 Some time in 2013,
他不再工作 he wasn't in work anymore.
伊丽莎白让他回家去 Elizabeth told him to stay at home
我想是因为他说这样行不通 because I guess he was saying things aren't working.
我听说是这样的 That was what the story I was told.
伊恩问我是不是觉得他被解雇 Ian asked me if he thought that he was going to be fired,
而我说是的 and I told him yes.
很不幸 Unfortunately.
当晚他结束了自己的生命 And that was the night he killed himself.
他苦恼于这个愚蠢的 He was so distraught over this stupid, um...
专利案 挪用案 patent case, misappropriation case,
以及不知道 and... not knowing
自己的余生要做什么 what he was going to do with the rest of his life,
这就是他自杀的原因 and that's why he committed suicide.
伊恩自杀后 What was the reaction of the company
公司的反应是什么 after Ian committed suicide?
我不知道 因为他们从来没有和我交流过 Um, I don't know because they never communicated with me,
只让我把他的机密文件寄回来 except to ask me to send back his confidential stuff.
小小一滴 改变一切 希拉诺斯
我把他放在家里的文件送回去 I brought back his documents that he had at home,
然后放在前台 and left them at the front desk.
伊丽莎白·福尔摩斯后来联系过你吗 Did you ever hear from Elizabeth Holmes again?
没有 No.
如果今天是我人生的最后一天 If today were my last day on this Earth,
我想说 and I could say that
那些正在为了能够接受检测 the people who've gone through hell
而深受折磨的人 in being able to just get the test done
那些需要得到照顾的人 不必再 that they need to get care now don't...
我还是为这个世界 I've done something in this world that
做出了那么一点点贡献的 对吧 has made it a little bit of a better place, right?
不过你一定要把专利之类的保护好 But you've got to be protective about patent and all of that.
-当然 -但你肯定有需要担心的事 - We do-- - But do you have something to worry about,
比如竞争对手 obviously, competitive businesses
总想窥探 always concerned about, you know,
-产品之中包含着的理念 -当然 - the ideas incorporated into products. - Sure.
当其他人还在山下时 You have to be on version 10
你必须已经要站到山顶上去了 by the time anybody else is on version one.
-是的 -那就是 - Yes. - And that's...
我们事业的全部意义 所以 that's what our whole business is about, so...
你很偏执 So, you're paranoid?
- 而且必须如此 -是的 我们尝试如此 - And you have to be. - We try to be. Yeah.
我们想成为世界上最偏执的一群人 We want to be the most paranoid people on the planet.
当然如此 -Absolutely. Yeah.
过去的两年半中 For last two years,
我们一直在承受 year and a half, we come under attack,
来自外界的攻击 you know, from outside, and...
主要来自奎斯特诊疗公司 it's usually Quest Diagnostics.
他们的产品策略核心就是谎言 Their entire product strategy is lies, built around
让人们患上疾病 再以此牟利 getting people sick and then living off of their diseases.
我们要改变这一切 And we are trying to change that, right?
你们一定要明白 So, it's really important that you all understand
我们开创的是如此天翻地覆的事业 that what we are doing here is so disruptive
被诋毁也是家常便饭 that we will always be attacked.
偏执似乎来源于这样的想法 The paranoia seemed to come from the belief that
后来居上者即将出现 someone's going to beat us to it,
有人要剽窃我们的创意 or someone's going to steal our ideas,
我们将丧失部分市场 or we're not going to get the whole market.
偏执和保密都是有限度的 There's a healthy degree of paranoia and secrecy,
不过他们做得太过火了 but this was well beyond that.
公司里有保安 There was security.
想直接走进她的办公室是不可能的 You couldn't go walk up into her office.
完全不可能 That just doesn't happen.
办公室的玻璃外墙是防弹的 She had bulletproof glass on their exterior windows.
保安在门外把守 There were bodyguards waiting outside,
大堂里也安排了几个人 you know, couple guys at the front lobby.
后来 数量越来越多 And that increased more and more later on.
不过 她和桑尼每天早上同时来到公司 But, yeah, her and Sunny walk in at the same time every morning.
"战鹰一号 战鹰二号 马上就到" "Eagle One, Eagle Two's on their way."
等他们马上就要推门进来的时候 And soon as they start pulling in, "Okay, be ready.
"预备 开门" Have the doors open."
她是战鹰一号 桑尼是战鹰二号 She was Eagle One, Sunny was Eagle Two.
恐怕桑尼 Sunny supposedly
监控了所有门禁卡的进出记录 tracked all the key card entries and exits,
每当你进入某一区域时 so you would be identified each time
都会被记录 you went into any area.
我们发送的邮件 We would send e-mails,
即使没有抄送桑尼和伊丽莎白 not CC Sunny or Elizabeth,
也会得到来自桑尼的回复 and we would get a response back from Sunny.
这对我来说是个重大的转折点 And I remember that was a very big turning point for me,
让我意识到 自己正在被监视 where I was like, "You are being monitored.
正在被监控 You are being watched."
我发现自己的键盘也被监控了 I found out that I was being keystroked.
我打的任何字 That means that anything that I typed
都被从内部监控了 was being watched internally.
这对一个前台来说也太过分了 不是吗 It seems kind of extreme for a receptionist, doesn't it?
-其他企业有出过这种事吗 -没有 - Did that happen to you anywhere else? - No.
保密协议是必不可少的 And, of course, nondisclosure agreements had to be signed.
一大叠文件 A giant stack of paperwork
写着 你不能说公司坏话 saying you can't speak poorly about the company,
如果公司蒙受损失 你也要承担法律责任 you're legally liable for any detriment caused to the company.
忍不住让人怀疑 到底是谁写的这些条款 It's like, who's writing these contracts
他们究竟想掩盖什么 and what are they trying to hide?
我们不能告诉家人自己在做什么 We weren't supposed to tell our families what we did.
我们不能讨论任何 We weren't supposed to talk about anything
发生在希拉洛斯公司里的事 that went on inside of Theranos.
一段时间过后 Then, after a while,
人们开始变得有些偏执 people became paranoid of one another.
我们逐渐疏远起来 We became much more siloed.
如果你走在走廊上和人打招呼 Walking down the hallway, you'd say hi and
对面会抬头看天花板 the person would look at the ceiling
或者低头看地板来避免眼神接触 or the floor or anything to avoid eye contact
而不会做出回应 and not acknowledge you back.
下一个人还是这样 直到你发觉 Then the next person and the next person, and then you'd notice,
整个团队都是如此 there'd be whole groups that just wouldn't...
大家彼此都视而不见 you were invisible to them.
有时候 信息交流非常困难 It was very hard to communicate information sometimes
因为彼此隔绝 独立的部门太多了 because there were so many blockades and silos
保密工作又一再被强调 and this emphasis on secrecy.
如果化学团队的成员想谈谈 If the people from the chemistry team could talk about
工程团队接下来的进度 what was coming next from the engineering team,
他们就会说 they would've said, "Well,
"这对解决问题又没有什么帮助" that's not going to solve the problem,"
不过既然每个人都彼此孤立 but since everyone was working on it separately,
他们只会持续不断地工作 they could all keep working forever
而无法解决任何问题 without actually solving anything.
硅谷有一句名言 "快速行动 方得突破" The mantra in Silicon Valley is, "Move fast, break things,"
但将人的生命也涵盖进去时 and that is really dangerous
实在是很危险 when people's lives are in the balance.
硅谷很擅长发明 Silicon Valley is really good at making
基于网页的电子邮件客户端 a web-based e-mail client,
或者包含emoji的聊天软件 or really great at making a chat app with emojis on it.
笑一下 想想你手中拿着的小东西 A little smile when you kind of think about
所包含的意义 what is all in that thing you're holding.
但硅谷现在正尝试涉足的领域 But Silicon Valley is trying to do things
关系到人们的生命 where people's lives are on the line.
我们正在尝试生产自动驾驶车辆 We're trying to make autonomous vehicles.
我们正在尝试生产医疗器械 We're trying to make medical devices.
我们正在尝试做的事 一旦出错 We're trying to do these things that if you don't do it right,
说句实话 人们可能会因此死去 quite frankly, people can die.
你必须从不同的角度看待这个问题 You need to approach it with a different lens.
问题在于 如果你发展的科技超出时代 The problem is that when you're developing the future,
你就无从了解它所造成的影响 you don't know what the impact is going to be
因为没人见过 because no one's seen this before.
而成为实验对象的 通常是普罗大众 And the testing ground is often just the general public.
2013年 希拉洛斯在亚利桑那州 In 2013, Theranos went live,
对当地的病人进行检测 testing real patients in Arizona
这是与沃尔格林合作关系的一部分 as part of a partnership with Walgreens.
这是一着险棋 It was a risky move.
爱迪生检测仪有问题 The Edison machines had problems,
因此并没有在门店检测中获批使用 and they weren't approved by regulators for in-store testing.
不过希拉洛斯财务堪忧 But Theranos was running out of money
需要与沃尔格林合作 吸引新的投资者 and needed the Walgreens deal to attract new investors.
于是 作为权宜之计 伊丽莎白提出 So, Elizabeth sold Walgreens on a stopgap plan
上线没有爱迪生检测仪的健康中心 to launch the Wellness Centers without the Edisons.
病人的血样将会被送到帕洛阿尔托 Instead of testing blood on-site,
而不是当场接受检验 patients' samples would be sent to Palo Alto,
希拉洛斯在那里匆忙建立了一个医学实验室 where Theranos had hastily constructed a clinical lab.
许多检测员都缺乏经验 Many of the technicians were inexperienced.
当实验室主管辞职后 希拉洛斯找了个 When one lab director quit, Theranos replaced him
皮肤科大夫替代他的位置 with a dermatologist.
舒适的血检 从现在开始
和沃尔格林合作后 Due in part to the Walgreens launch,
希拉诺斯从新的投资者处 Theranos was able to raise
揽到了超过四亿美元的投资 over $400 million from new investors,
比如沃顿家族 贝琪·德沃斯 like the Walton family, Betsy DeVos,
新英格兰爱国者队的老板 the owner of the New England Patriots,
还有鲁伯特·默多克 投入了1.25亿美元 and Rupert Murdoch, who put up $125 million.
对投资者和病人们来说 To investors and patients,
这个系统似乎和广告里宣称的一样好用 it seemed like the system was working as advertised.
这个项目在亚利桑那上线时 The plan was launched in Arizona
仿佛有扩张到全国的野心 as if it's a nationwide campaign,
就好像即将攻占主要市场 席卷整个国家 and then take key markets and roll it out across the country.
我既非工程师 也非科学家 I wasn't an engineer. I wasn't a scientist.
也不属于研发部 I wasn't in R&D.
我的工作是建立品牌 I was there to create a consumer brand.
我们想出了三个描绘希拉诺斯的形容词 We came up with three adjectives to describe Theranos:
简约 人性 乐观 simple, human, and optimistic.
因为要想说服人抽血 Because there are so many barriers
要克服的障碍太多了 to getting your blood drawn,
可能是晕针 whether it's fear of needles,
或是对拿到结果的恐惧 or fear of finding out the results,
住得太远 兜里没钱 living far away, can't afford it.
的确是障碍重重 There's just a lot of barriers.
就像是 人们可能害怕 It's like, people that have this
焦虑 或者不喜欢 让我们扭转乾坤 fear or this angst or don't like it, let's convert them.
因此 我雇佣了埃洛·莫里斯 So, I hired Errol Morris.
他之前在苹果工作 Errol worked with Apple.
成就斐然 Did a lot of great work with Apple.
伊丽莎白很受吸引 And Elizabeth was taken by that.
希拉诺斯也可以成为健康领域的苹果 This could be potentially the Apple of health care.
正是 Exactly.
- 我是你的粉丝 - 我也一样 -I'm a fan. -Well, likewise.
我们进行了选角 We did casting.
确实存在这些问题的人 Real people that have all these issues.
我们还请来了希拉诺斯的用户 We did also reach out to existing Theranos customers,
请他们其中的几个人讲述自己的真实故事 and had several of them come and tell their real story
他们和希拉诺斯的故事 and their experience with Theranos.
- 你好 - 你好 -Hello! -Hi.
感谢前来 Thank you for coming in.
开拍 A-mark.
和以前一样 我不知道 So, as usual, I have no idea
要问什么问题 怎么开始 what questions to ask or where to start.
我们会知道的 I think we'll figure it out.
有许多人没有保险 There are so many people that don't have insurance
或者无力负担 and can't afford insurance.
我去看医生 I was going to doctors,
全部是自费 我无力负担 and I couldn't afford it. I was paying out of pocket.
医疗费阻挡了无数人过上真正的好生活 If you're trying to live a life, it gets in the way of it.
如果我不必花钱做这些检查 And if I could receive this information,
也能得到检查结果 without having to spend all of this money along the way,
那就太棒了 that would be amazing.
做一套血检要花上八百美元 Eight hundred dollars for a series of blood tests?
-压力很大 -费用很高 - It can be pretty stressful. - It's expensive.
太离谱了 It's ridiculous.
这些广告在亚利桑那上线 Once they went live in Arizona...
面向真正的病人 dealing now with real patients...
-而研发部门表示反对 ...as opposed to R&D...
-确实 -你知道 - That's right. Yes. - ...you know,
你会开始怀疑 then you begin to wonder, like,
-它是否 -我认为 - is it-- - Well, I think here's...
我的想法是 my context for this is,
回想当年的乔布斯 you know, go back to Jobs for a minute,
他对那些否定他的人 and all the people that said no to him,
置之不理 and he refused no,
坚持己见 最后证明他们都是错的 and did it anyway and proved everyone wrong.
我对成功的定义是这样的 So, my measure of success at that level,
一个有远见的人 a visionary,
有自己的公司 owns his own company,
所制造的产品能改变世界 in creating products that change the world,
永不放弃 永不屈从 he did not give up or give in ever.
这就是我定义成功的方式 So, that was my measure of success.
但对病人来说 事情截然不同 Now, on patients, that's a whole other thing.
在许多州 如无处方 病人不能 In many states, patients aren't allowed
要求进行血液检测 to order their own lab tests without a prescription.
医生应当对此进行指导与监督 Doctors are supposed to provide guidance and oversight.
但是伊丽莎白说服了亚利桑那州政府 But Elizabeth lobbied the state of Arizona
通过了允许病人无需咨询医生 to pass a law allowing patients to order lab tests
也能进行血检的法令 without consulting doctors.
将进行血检的权利 Giving people the right
交给人民 to obtain a laboratory test
毫无疑问地将会 will, by definition,
成为人们能够自我管理健康的 begin the process of enabling them to engage
新的起点 in their health.
实在棒极了 霍姆斯女士 Ms. Holmes, you are magnificent,
考虑到您在此前已经对我们的问题 and there isn't a question
进行了无数次详尽的回答 any of us could ever ask that you haven't answered
我们已不再有任何疑虑 20 or 30 times before.
这项法律允许人们自行进行血液检测 This law would allow you to order your own blood work,
并自行得到结果 and you get the results.
这份文件由希拉诺斯发布 This is what Theranos puts out.
是份清单 It's a menu.
就像自助点单一样 You kind of order à la carte,
但是医学界发来了 but there are some cautions raised
一些警告 from the medical community.
只看血检报告是不够的 You can't just look at a lab.
医生必须观察到病人的整个状态 You have to look at the whole patient, the whole person.
你不能在未经身体检查 或者甚至 We can't write a prescription for somebody
看都没看过的情况下 就给他开处方 that we haven't done a physical exam or have seen,
可实际上 so it kind of was like,
我们对此有什么办法呢 how are we going to deal with this?
低廉的价格对病人有着很强的吸引力 Low cost was very interesting to the patients,
与此同时还能选择自己想做的项目 but then also being able to order their own labs,
他们很喜欢这一点 and they really liked that.
作为一名医生 让我感到担心的是 What made me concerned was, as a physician,
我们会给实验室打电话 问几个问题 you can call the lab and ask simple questions,
每个实验室都可能被问到 and these are questions that we would ask any lab.
不过希拉诺斯在这方面透明度很差 But Theranos, they weren't very transparent.
我们想告诉病人的是 We tried to tell patients that,
"听着 我对他们怎么进行检测 "Listen, we're not getting a lot of information
几乎是一无所知 about how they do their testing,
所以我们对他们有些不放心" and so we're kind of unsure of them."
但是后来 希拉诺斯开始发放优惠券 But then, Theranos started giving out vouchers or gift cards
礼品卡 让人们在那里做免费检测 to get labs, free labs done there.
销量一下子爆炸了 And so it just kind of... exploded.
妈妈 我们非常爱你 Mom, you really are an important part of our family because...
你是这个家重要的一份子 we really love you so much.
你的健康对我们非常重要 Your health is really important to us.
孩子们很喜欢你 The kids adore you.
没事的 孩子 Está bien, chiquita.
希拉诺斯礼品卡 Theranos gift cards.
因为没有什么比 Because nothing is more important
挚爱之人的健康更加重要 than the health of those you love.
开拍 Marker.
由于我在采血领域的资深背景 Because of my extensive background in phlebotomy,
他们给了我培训员的工作 they offered me the trainer job.
工作基本上就是培训沃尔格林的技术员 Basically, I was training the Walgreens technicians
和药剂师做指尖采血 因为 and pharmacist to do the fingerstick process because...
沃尔格林没有一位雇员 no one at Walgreens had ever
有过处理血液和体液的经验 handled blood or bodily fluids.
比如 So, talking about
如果血样打破了该怎么办 what do you do in case of an exposure and...
如何处理青少年 how do you handle adolescents,
几乎面面俱到 you know, just everything.
如果有人晕倒怎么办 What do you do if someone faints?
我们的目标是通过沃尔格林 Our goal is to be within five miles
把我们的服务送到每家每户五英里范围内 of every person's home through the Walgreens nationally.
希拉诺斯已联通各大公司的医疗保险与补贴
我们的愿景是 Our success will be in being able to make it possible
使得每个人都能取得血样 for no one to ever have to go through the process
获得血液检测结果 of being stabbed by a big needle to get blood anymore,
而无需被粗长的针头采血 and be able to begin to get access to this lab...
当我还在调查时 As I was doing my research,
他们提供90项检测服务 they had about 90 tests,
等到我即将发表调查结果时 and by the time I was ready to publish,
项目数量已经超过了200 they had over 200.
我很怀疑 I wondered at the time
她是怎么把200个不同的检测项目 how exactly was she miniaturizing
缩小化 200 different tests,
她到底是怎么把他们 and how exactly were you going to get
塞进那么小的检测仪里的 all of this done in the small analyzers?
何况她的收费还远低于其他人 And she was charging so much less than the others,
所有这一切都让人无法相信 so all of that strained credulity.
我觉得这个 I just didn't think that this
真诚 very sincere,
认真 理想化的年轻女性 earnest, idealistic, young woman
欺骗的不仅是我 was deceiving not just me,
还有沃尔格林公司以及 but Walgreens Corporation and investors
投资了四亿多美元的投资者们 to the tune of more than $400 million at that point.
能够给人们提供 To be able to give people
改变他们生活的工具 the tools to change their life
是一种难以置信的福祉 这是一种特权 is an incredible blessing. It's a privilege.
每一天 Every single day,
我都非常感激这一切以这样的方式发展 I'm just so grateful for the way in which this is unfolding.
这是上帝的馈赠 It's a gift from God.
我们必须明白 这一切都是关于 We have to understand that this is all about
希望世界以某种方式存在 wanting the world to be a certain way,
并且能够使我们的行为合理化 and basically being able to rationalize our actions
努力使之成为现实 to try and make it true.
你必须订立一个目标 You have to want a certain thing,
然后你要能够扭曲现实 and then you should be able to kind of bend reality,
或使事情合理化 才能允许你那样做 or rationalize things to allow you to do that.
但另一方面 But the other thing is that
出于什么好的理由呢 what about reasons for good?
我跟你讲讲我们做过的一项实验 And I'll tell you about a study we did.
实验是这样的 And the experiment works like this.
我们给人们一个六面的骰子 We give people a die, a six-sided die,
我们跟他们说 "你掷一下骰子 and we say, "Why don't you throw the die?"
不论多少点我们都会给你钱 And we'll pay you whatever it comes up.
六点的话 你可以得到六块钱 Comes in six, you'll get six dollars
五点五块 四点 以此类推到一点 five, five dollars, four, and so on until one.
你可以根据上面或者底面的点得到报酬 But you can get paid based on the top side or the bottom side.
上面还是底面 你来定 但不要告诉我们" Top or bottom, you decide, but don't tell us.
然后我就给他们骰子 我说 不要告诉我 So, I give you the die, I say, "Don't tell me."
想好上面还是底面 想好了 你知道哪面 Think top or bottom. You have it? You know which one?
现在掷骰子吧 Now, toss the die.
假如骰子底部是五 And let's say the die comes five on the bottom
上面是二 and two on the top.
然后我说 And now I say,
"阿莱克斯 你选的是哪一面" "Alex, what did you pick?"
如果选的是底面 你说底面 你拿到五块 Now, if you picked bottom, you say bottom, you get five dollars.
要是你选的是 上面 You pick top,
你会说什么呢 说真话吗 说上面 what do you say? You say the truth? Top?
还是改变主意 说底面 拿五块钱 Or do you change your mind? You say bottom and get five dollars.
我们的实验中 人们要做这样做二十次 In our experiment, people do this 20 times.
每一次他们想着上面或者底面 And every time they think top or bottom,
把它记住 抛下骰子 然后写下来 commit it to memory, toss the die, and they write,
"五和二 我选五" 诸如此类 "Five and two. I chose five," And so on.
做完二十遍 你发现 And when you do it 20 times, you find that
人们运气超级好 people are extra lucky.
对吧 运气有一个很好的特点 Right? And luck has this really nice feature
都集中在掷出六对一的骰子时 of focusing on the six-one die tosses, right?
他们掷出六对一的时候特别幸运 They're extra lucky on the six-one die tosses,
掷出三对四时就没那么幸运了 not so much on the three-four.
实验基本就是这样 That's the basic experiment.
现在我要告诉你一件事 Now, here's the thing I want to tell you.
我们还做一样的实验 We do the same experiment,
但是我们让人们戴上测谎仪 but we connect people to a lie detector.
我们想知道 And we ask the question
测谎仪能否检测出来 of whether the lie detector can detect it,
答案是肯定的 测谎仪能检测到人们说谎 and the answer is yes, the lie detector can detect lies,
不是每次都行 但是能检测到 not all the time, but it can detect it.
另一组实验中 In another version of the experiment,
我们也是一样的做法 we do the same thing,
但是人们要做慈善 but people pick a charity.
他们今天能拿到的钱 And all the money that they're going to make today
都要捐给慈善机构 对吧 做好事 goes to that charity. Right? For a good cause.
你觉得情况会怎样 人们作弊变多还是变少 What do you think happened, people cheat more or less?
作弊的更多了 People cheat more.
然后测谎仪不运转了 And the lie detector stops working.
为什么呢 因为测谎仪测到什么了 Why? Because what does the lie detector detect?
测谎仪检测到了焦虑 The lie detector detects a tension.
我想要更多钱 但我觉得这样不对 I want more money, but I think it's wrong.
我想要更多钱 但我觉得这样不对 I want more money, but I think it's wrong,
要是没有不对 but if it's not wrong,
你为什么焦虑 why would you worry?
如果是做好事 If it's for a good cause,
你还会觉得自己是个好人 you can still think of yourself as a good person,
事情就是那样开始的 and that's how things start,
然后它就慢慢变质了 and then it becomes a slippery slope.
我当时在曼哈顿中城 I was at the Wall Street Journal
《华尔街日报》五楼的编辑部 on the fifth floor of the Journal newsroom in midtown Manhattan.
几周前我完成了一个 I had couple weeks prior finished
关于医疗保险欺诈的长篇系列报道 a long series on Medicare fraud.
我正在寻找一些新的素材来研究 So, I was looking for something new to sink my teeth into,
有一天下午 and one afternoon,
我坐在办公桌旁 电话响了 我接起来 I'm at my desk, my phone rings, I pick up,
是我的一个线人 and it's this source of mine.
他问我是否读过《纽约客》 He asked me whether I'd read this New Yorker profile
几周前在2014年十二月发表的一篇 of Elizabeth Holmes that had been published
关于伊丽莎白·霍姆斯的简介 a couple weeks prior in December of 2014.
我正好读过 As it turns out, I had.
其中引用了一句伊丽莎白·霍姆斯的话 And there was a quote from Elizabeth Holmes
肯·奥莱塔把它描述为"模糊得可笑" that Ken Auletta described as "Comically vague."
那听起来像是 It sounded like the words
学化学的高中生说出来的话 of a high school chemistry student,
而不是真正发明了新科学 as opposed to a sophisticated laboratory scientist
有经验的实验室科学家说的话 who'd really invented new science.
但如果不是我的线人 But I might not have done anything about it
带着这个线索来找我 if it weren't for the fact that
我可能不会采取什么行动 my source was now coming to me with this tip.
他说有个实验室负责人 He said there's a laboratory director
刚离开希拉洛斯 关系闹得很僵 who had just left Theranos on pretty bad terms
因为他对他在那里所目睹的行为 because he had become increasingly concerned
感到越来越担忧 about the practices that he had witnessed there.
我耳朵肯定竖了起来 My ears definitely pricked up at that,
我就联系了他 and so I made contact.
我尝试给他打了几次挂电话 When I got him on the phone,
终于打通了 他吓坏了 after trying him a few times, he was terrified.
他被著名律师 He was being hounded by the law firm
大卫·博伊斯的律所盯上了 of the famous lawyer David Boies.
希拉洛斯的天才之举是聘请了大卫·博伊斯 One of Theranos's strokes of genius was to hire David Boies
并给了他公司股份 and also give him stock in the company.
他可是法律界的雄狮 I mean, this is a lion of the legal industry,
《纽约时报》 诉讼律师大卫·博伊斯 人人都想要的华尔街律师
可以说是美国最有名的律师 arguably the most well-known lawyer in America,
曾在2000年的总统重新计票中 who had represented Al Gore
没有记录的总统选票占比
代表阿尔·戈尔 in in the presidential recount in 2000.
在那之前 他还代表司法部 Before that, won a case on behalf of the Justice Department
干掉微软的人
打赢了一场针对微软的官司 against Microsoft,
在二十小时的取证过程中撕碎了比尔·盖茨 and had shred Bill Gates during 20 hours of deposition.
他后来因为担任哈维·韦恩斯坦的法律助手 And he would later become famous as the legal muscle
并试图让指控者噤声而名声大噪 for Harvey Weinstein and his attempt to silence accusers.
这是让很多人闻风丧胆的人物 This was someone who struck fear in many people.
那位实验室负责人说博伊斯对他施压 The lab director said that Boies was pressuring him
并威胁要起诉他 and threatening him with litigation.
所以我只能同意 So, I had to agree...
对他的身份保密 to keep his identity confidential.
他告诉我爱迪生只能做一小部分检测 He told me that the Edison could only do a few tests,
希拉洛斯检测单上的其他所有检测 and that all the other tests on Theranos's menu,
到了那时 清单上一共二百五十种血液检测 and at that point, we're talking about 250 blood tests,
是通过从西门子和 were done on commercially available
意大利索林等公司购买的 laboratory machines that had been purchased
商用实验机器上完成的 from companies like Siemens and DiaSorin.
然后他们还对血液测试的 And then they were also lying
可靠性和准确性撒谎 about the reliability and the accuracy of the blood tests.
所以我去亚利桑那州 So, I went to Arizona
做了检查 to get myself tested.
一天早上 我去到了 And so, one morning, I went
离我酒店最近的一家沃尔格林的店 to the Walgreens that was closest to my hotel.
我在一个小型健康中心 I sat down in one of these
坐了下来 听到那个检验师 little Wellness Centers, and the phlebotomist,
在讲电话 I heard her talking on the phone,
她在电脑上打了一会儿字 and typing on a computer for a few minutes,
然后她转过来 她拿着 and then she turned around and she came at me
止血带和注射器走向我 with a tourniquet and a syringe.
我问 "怎么不是指尖采血" And I said, "Why not a fingerstick?
"我以为这里只需 "I thought this was all about,
手指抽血检测" you know, a fingerstick blood test."
她说 "不是 你的医嘱包括了 She said, "No, your order actually
需要静脉抽血的检测" includes tests that require venous draw."
真相是 我的文章发表之前 The truth is that, before my story came out,
已经有好几例了 there had already been instances of people
人们来验血 going in to get their blood checked,
他们需要静脉抽血 and they would need to do a venipuncture
而不是手指刺入毛细血管抽血 instead of a fingerstick of capillary blood.
这个问题我问了很多次 And so, I asked about that a number of times,
答案都是模棱两可 and the answers were incredibly opaque.
我的问题是 So, my question is
你们的检测 针刺而不是手指抽血的 what percentage of your tests are
百分比占多少 needle rather than finger prick?
我没有一个准确的数字给你 I-I don't have a really good number for you
因为数据一直在变 because it's changing.
我们可以很自信地说 And we're really confident being able to say
我们将近百分之九十九采用的毛细血管 that we're very close to 99% being on capillary,
但你要是试图确定一个数字的话 but when you try to pinpoint a number--
我们说的是未来 We talking about in the next
-五年内 一年内 两个月 -不 - five years? One year? Two months? - No.
用不了一年 Much less than a year,
毫无疑问 without question.
那时候 你没想过 At the time, you didn't think that
那足以证明 that was necessarily evidence of--
当然没有 我真的相信她了 Absolutely not. I actually believed her.
当然 我还记得她跟我说那些话的样子 Of course, I remember her saying it to me.
结果 那是个谎言 And... that's a lie.
就这样 Period.
过了差不多一年 So, after a year or so,
我们开始看到手指抽血变少了 we started to see the fingerstick collection dwindle,
更多的是静脉抽血 and more venipuncture increase.
关于他们为什么变成部分手指抽血 What did they tell you about why they were switching
部分静脉抽血 他们是怎么跟你说的 to part fingerstick and part venipuncture?
他们什么也没跟我们说 事情就那样发生了 They just-- They didn't tell us. It just happened.
我们被告知 我们需要做这个笼统的声明 We were told we would need to say this blanketed statement:
"由于你的医生要求的测试 "Due to the test that your physician ordered,
我们必须进行静脉穿刺 "We have to perform venipuncture
以确保我们有足够的样本 "To make sure that we had enough
进行检测 "Sample to perform the testing.
你要继续" Would you like to proceed?"
-仅此而已 -你肯定感到很惊讶吧 - That's it. - That must've surprised you.
是的 很多技术人员也很讶异 Yeah, it surprised a lot of the technicians.
还有很多病人 It surprised a lot of the patients,
和那些过来检测的客户 都是 or the customers that were coming in, too.
有些人 说着脏话 Some people, uh, expressed profanity,
生气地离开了 要求退钱 stormed out, demanded their money back.
后来 整个转变到静脉抽血的过程中 Then, during that whole transition to venipuncture,
我们招聘的人员剧增 we had this big hiring
我得培训超过五十个的雇员 boom where I had to train 50 more employees
因为我们现在新开了十家健康中心 because now we opened up our next 10 Wellness Centers.
随着沃尔格林的推广 With the Walgreens roll out,
希拉洛斯的问题被放大了 the problems at Theranos were magnified.
没有关门等待爱迪生可以进行 Instead of shutting down until the Edisons could perform
希拉洛斯检测单上所有的检测 all the tests on the Theranos menu,
伊丽莎白和她的团队发明了一种变通方案 Elizabeth and her team invented a workaround
旨在创造一种新技术的假象 designed to create the illusion of a new technology.
在大多数测试中 他们被迫使用 For most tests, they were forced to use venous blood,
针管抽取的静脉血液 drawn with needles,
并购买了其他实验室也使用的相同设备 and to buy the same machines used by every other lab.
为了让伊丽莎白的手指抽血梦继续下去 But to keep Elizabeth's fingerstick dream alive,
希拉洛斯改装了其中一些机器 Theranos modified some of those machines,
以便它们可以使用稀释的毛细血管血样 so they would work with diluted capillary samples.
在一小部分病人的检测中 And for a handful of patient tests,
这家公司使用的是伊丽莎白向沃尔格林公司 the company used the old Edison prototype
推销的旧的爱迪生原型机 Elizabeth had pitched to Walgreens.
我们的工作就是消除 What we've worked to do is eliminate the error
人为处理样本过程中产生的 and variability that's associated
误差和变异 with human processing of samples.
伊丽莎白说从到到尾整个过程 When Elizabeth says the whole process was automated
都是自动化的 这就 from start to finish, it was...
这就有点牵强了 it was, uh, yeah, that was a stretch.
有的时候光是开启这个系统 It would sometimes take six hours
都要花费六个小时 just to set up the system
然后我们才能开始检测病人的样本 before we could even run the patient samples.
我在那装管 I was filling up containers,
那么多活儿都是手工完成的 doing so many manual things with hands.
纳米容器的可怕之处在于它们会 And the scary thing about the nanotainers was they could
从托盘上跳出来 然后掉到地上 hop off your tray and they would be on the ground,
然后你可能就找不着它们了 and you might not be able to spot them.
他们必须稀释纳米容器 They had to dilute the nanotainers
才能在西门子机器上检测 to run it on the Siemens machines,
本不该这样操作的 which was not how they were supposed to be used,
所以在临床实验室工作的人 and so people who worked in the clinical lab
对此很紧张 因为他们违反了 were nervous about that because they were violating
这些设备的操作标准 the operating standards for those devices,
这些标准都很严格 which, you know, are rigorous standards
因为它们是用来给人们 since they're being used to test
检测疾病的 people for diseases.
我们捏造检测结果 We were fudging results,
重新进行质量控制测试 直到通过 rerunning quality control tests until they passed.
某种程度上 解决方案就是 The solution at some point was,
"如果你剔除某一个数据点 "If you just throw out that one data point,
那另外三个看起来就很漂亮了" then the other three look beautiful."
但是研究科学不是这样的 And that's not the way you approach
因为这关乎人命 science that's going to be impacting people's lives.
有些人不得不在他们知道 There were people who had to run tests
无法工作的设备上进行检测 on devices that they knew weren't working,
把检测结果拿给病人 and give those results to patients.
他们很难过 都哭了 People were very upset, you know, crying.
有些临床实验室的工作人员甚至 Some members of the CLIA lab would even
得给病人打电话 告诉他们要 have to call patients and tell them that they had to go
去挂急诊 to the emergency room
因为实验结果太离谱了 'cause the lab test was, you know, so far off.
让我印象深刻的是 What really hit home for me is
我们开始研究更多的传染病 we were starting to do more infectious disease.
丙肝 前列腺癌 Hepatitis C, prostate cancer,
甚至是梅毒 and even syphilis.
我在做梅毒的精确检测 I was running precision testing for syphilis,
测试中有很多可变性 and there was a lot of variability in the test,
但希拉洛斯公司说 "在真实的病人样本上 but Theranos said, "This is safe to use
使用是安全的" on real patient samples."
我有点被震撼到了 And I was kind of blown away.
要是一百个梅毒患者来了 If a hundred people who had syphilis
在希拉洛斯的设备上进行检测 came and got tested on the Theranos devices,
我们只会告诉其中的六十五人他们患了梅毒 we would only tell 65 of them that they had syphilis,
我们会跟另外那三十五人说 and we would tell the other 35,
"你们很健康 不需要医疗干预" "You're healthy. No need for medical intervention."
所以 要是人们 So, if people are
使用希拉洛斯自己检测梅毒的话 testing themselves for syphilis using Theranos,
这个世界上的梅毒会变更多 there's going to be a lot more syphilis in this world.
异常结果汇总 胰岛素 糖化血红蛋白 促甲状腺激素
他们的失败始于 Their downfall was when they started
他们给我们的结果与 giving us results that were not matching up
其他实验室的结果不一致时 with other labs.
我们最先是从TSH的结果看出来的 We started seeing that, at first, with TSHs,
就是促甲状腺激素 which is the thyroid stimulating hormone.
多年来一直来找我们 Patients that had been coming to us for years
检测促甲状腺激素的病人 to get their TSH done,
他们去了希拉洛斯 他们的检测报告 they had gone to Theranos and their labs
希拉洛斯
发生了翻天覆地的变化 were changing really drastically.
所以我们开始把患者送去实验室集团检测 So, we started sending them to LabCorp,
来验证检测结果 也就是在那个时候 just to verify, and that's when we started
我们才看到了一些十分异常的结果 seeing some pretty abnormal results.
我能理解作为一名患者 I understand how a patient
有多么希望定制自己的检测 would wanna order their own labs,
但即使他们拿到了结果 也毫无头绪 but then they get it and they don't know what to do with it,
他们可能会去网上搜索 or they go on Google
斯蒂芬妮·塞茨医生 北达科他州
查询每一项结果 and google everything under the sun,
来看看自己是不是得了癌症 and see that they have cancer, so...
-即使并没有得癌症 -即使并没有得 - When they don't. - When they don't!
当你发现那么多检测结果其实是有问题的 When you read about how many tests were actually wrong...
这有没有让你担心呢 ...did that concern you?
当然了 因为我也做过一些检测 It did because I had some of those tests
我的孩子们也做过 performed on me and my children!
当然担心了 I did!
所以我立刻去找了 So, I immediately went back to...
其他大型的实验检测公司 the other big lab companies,
又做了检测 做了一样的检测项目 and got my test done, the same test done,
瑟琳娜·斯图尔特 采血训练员
我对比了检测结果 发现结果大有不同 and I compared them, and there was a big difference.
是的 我很害怕 So, yeah, it was scary.
这很吓人 It was very scary.
有很多人主动联系我们 感谢我们 There are so many people who reach out to us and thank us.
其中一个人说 "谢天谢地有希拉洛斯" This one guy, he said, "Thank God for Theranos."
能有多少公司得到这样的称赞 I mean, how many times you say that about companies?
你买了一件产品 你会说"谢天谢地有优步"吗 You buy a product, and do you ever say, "Thank God for Uber?"
桑尼·巴尔瓦尼 总裁兼首席运营官
也许有的时候会 不过 Well, maybe sometimes, but...
但你可以在每一天 But you will say
都说谢天谢地有希拉洛斯 thank God for Theranos every day,
因为每一次你需要做实验室化验的时候 because every time you need a lab test,
每一次你的家人需要化验的时候 every time your family needs a test...
我当时感觉实在很糟糕 I couldn't feel comfortable
要在那些患者身上进行那些检测 with running these tests on patients
因为无论如何 because, at the end of the day,
我都绝不会在自己身上做这些检测 I wouldn't run them on myself.
也不会给我的家人做这些检测 I wouldn't run them on my family members.
这完全没道理 And it just didn't make sense that,
艾瑞卡·张 实验室员工
在内心深处 连我们自己都对这些检测 internally, we had so little faith
毫无信心 in these tests,
但我们却仍要在其他患者上进行检测 but we're still resulting them on patients.
前所未有的透明化 Unprecedented transparency...
我最终决定到此为止 I finally decided enough is enough.
我走进了桑尼的办公室 我说 I went into Sunny's office and I said,
当检测结果造假 "We're not letting patients know
或者操作失误的时候 我们在向患者隐瞒 when these results are false or when we make a mistake."
结果他却只是说了两句 And effectively, what he did is said,
"你凭什么觉得你有资格自己说了算" "What makes you think you're qualified to make that call?"
还有"回去 做好你该做的事" And, "You need to just sit down and do your job."
谢谢 Thank you.
在那一刻 我明白了 At that point, I knew.
我绝对无法接受这家公司的所作所为 It's just unacceptable what this company is doing,
我也不想继续助纣为虐 and I don't want to be a part of that.
你们正在研发的技术 The kind of technologies that you're building
是真真切切地每天都在改变着人们的命运 practically are changing people's lives every single day.
我完全无法理解一个人怎么可以一直撒谎 I couldn't understand how someone could continuously lie.
这完全颠覆了我对她的印象 It really changed my perception of her.
这个人 That, okay, this person,
其实就是在扮演一个角色 you know, plays this role of,
怀揣着让医疗服务更唾手可得的梦想 you know, wanting to make health care more accessible,
想要努力开创新技术 of really trying to leverage innovative new technologies
以解决我们现在医疗服务存在的大问题 to solve this huge problem that we have in health care,
但这一切都只是场表演 but it's all a show.
从小到大 I grew up spending summers
每一个夏天和假期 and the holidays...
我印象非常深 I have a really vivid memory.
我都是和叔叔一起过的 我还记得我有多爱他 ...with my uncle. I remember how much I loved him.
-我非常爱他 -他人很好 - I loved him so much. - He was fine.
但有一天他被诊断出患了皮肤癌 He was diagnosed one day with skin cancer...
-突然之间 -突然有一天 他被查出了脑癌 - All of a sudden, - And one day, he has brain cancer...
-发现了骨癌 -突然 - And in his bones... - All of a sudden...
他很快就去世了 我都没来得及 He was gone before I ever got to...
-我叔叔 -我叔叔 - My uncle... - My uncle...
当我想到希拉洛斯的时候 When I think of Theranos,
我真的觉得那里有两个完全不同的世界 I really feel like there were two entirely different worlds.
一个是铺着地毯的办公室 There was the carpeted world,
另一个则是铺着地砖的实验室 and there was the tiled world.
在铺着地毯的办公室中 In the carpeted world
伊丽莎白就是一位女神 was where Elizabeth was a goddess.
大家甚至都会膜拜她走过的地方 Everyone almost worshiped the ground she walked on.
她完美无缺 她就是下一个史蒂夫·乔布斯 She could do no wrong. She was the next Steve Jobs.
希拉洛斯正在改变世界 Theranos was changing the world.
但当你走入铺着地砖的实验室 And then you go into the tiled side
一切都乱了套 and nothing works.
我们就像在一艘下沉的船上 We're on a sinking ship.
一切都是谎言 Everything's a lie.
调解这两个世界的不同 Reconciling the differences
对我来说真的很难做到 between those two worlds was really hard for me to do.
我是通过我家人的介绍 I knew Elizabeth personally from all these
认识了伊丽莎白 interactions through my family,
所以我真的相信她 我很认同她 so I really trusted her. I believed in her.
我可能离开实验室的时候还在想 I would leave the tiled world thinking,
天哪 我们要完了 "Oh man, sinking ship."
然后我会去找伊丽莎白聊一聊 And I would go have one conversation with Elizabeth.
创立希拉洛斯的目标就是 Theranos was founded with the goal of
创造一种更人性化 更可行的医疗体验 creating a more human, actionable health experience.
如果你能开始了解你的身体 If you can begin to understand your body...
接着我就会干劲十足地回去工作 And I would be so motivated to go back and work,
觉得自己好像又可以改变整个世界了 and I felt like I was changing the world again.
但当我重新走入实验室 And I would go back into the tiled world,
我就突然愣住了 等等 and I would go, wait,
刚刚都发生了什么 what just happened?
我们都太希望一切设想都能成真了 You want it to be true so badly,
哪怕是我 我每天都在和这些仪器 and even for me, I was working with these devices
打交道 every single day,
但她仍然能说服我 and she could still kind of convince me.
当我回想我们之间的对话时 When I think back on those conversations,
我不禁思考 她到底是怎么做到的 I just think, how did she do that?
你开始相信也许你才是疯了的那个人 You start to believe that maybe you're the one who's crazy.
因为身边所有人都认为这女人太优秀了 Because everyone else thinks this woman's great,
所有人都想给她投资 and everyone else wants to throw money at her,
想要跟她合作 想要加入项目 wants to be on board with this, and wants to be a part of it.
在当时 她已经成为了一位偶像 I mean, at the time, she was this iconic figure,
是一位在科技领域 this woman in tech
掀起颠覆一切变革的女性 who was revolutionizing everything,
简直和史蒂夫·乔布斯一样 this Steve Jobs imitation.
有时候 你不禁会想也许是自己错了 Sometimes, you have to think maybe you're wrong.
一滴血获取无限数据 伊丽莎白·霍姆斯如何打造更好的血液检测 《财富》 《福布斯》 《公司》 《魅力》
在当时 我怀疑 At the time, you wondered whether
伊丽莎白的社交网是不是在保护她 Elizabeth's connections were protecting her.
这引起了对政府权力 It kind of caused a bit of a crisis of faith
约翰·麦凯恩 很开心昨晚拜访伊丽莎白·霍姆斯的希拉洛斯实验室 亲眼看到他们的创新血液检测
和是否存在腐败的 in, you know, just the power of government, and how
一些质疑 corrupt or not they were for me.
当时我还以为希拉洛斯可以逍遥法外 I thought that Theranos was going to get away with it.
你们的收费是有史以来的最低价 You're charging historically low prices,
与目前检测费用相比 which is a small fraction
只是很小的一部分 of what is charged now,
但同时却能保持着最高的检测水准 and while maintaining the highest standards.
借助她的政治关系网 With all her political connections,
她和奥巴马政府关系非常亲密 she was chummy with the Obama administration.
她赌的就是 The bet that she made was that
如果她身边都是有权有势的人 if she surrounded herself with powerful people,
那么监管机构就不会和她起冲突 the regulators wouldn't get confrontational with her.
我认为她的最终目的 The end game, I think,
还是"伪装下去直到成真" it comes back to "Fake it until you make it."
伊丽莎白从没有放弃过她的最终愿景 Elizabeth never gave up on her ultimate vision
她想让她的仪器不仅出现在商店里 to get the device not only in stores,
最终还可以进入病患的家里 but ultimately, in the homes of patients.
她想像苹果和史蒂夫·乔布斯那样 She wanted to be like Apple and Steve Jobs,
像苹果的产品那样无处不在 in the sense that Apple devices are ubiquitous.
她希望美国的每一家里都有爱迪生的仪器 She wanted Edison devices in every home in America.
想要做到这点需要得到 The only thing is you need FDA approval
食品药物管理局的批准 to make that happen.
我采访过食品药物管理局的医疗主管 I did talk to the Chief Medical person at the FDA,
他提出了一些质疑 他说 who expressed some skepticism. He said...
他们没有向机构提供足够的信息证明 "They have not provided enough information
仪器的检测结果可以通过审批 for the agency to clear or approve the test."
准确吗 Accurate?
这些信息你真的打算 So, is this something that
-在文章里使用吗 -是的 - you wanted actually to use in the article? - Yes.
好吧 这对我们是个不小的挑战 Okay, so that's part of a challenge
因为我们的法律团队很担心这件事 because that our legal team is so concerned about this
因为这件事牵涉到方方面面的人和事 because there's a lot of context behind that.
这会制造 给我们引发很多麻烦 It creates-- causes a lot of problems for us.
所以我才来问清楚来龙去脉 That's why I'm asking for context.
说出来吧 我洗耳恭听 Give it to me. I'm all ears.
我要先跟法律团队谈谈 Okay, let me talk to our legal team.
他们暂时让我不要对此事发表任何看法 Right now, they told me that I can't comment on this...
伊丽莎白一直在 Elizabeth was tap dancing
对食品药物管理局的质疑避重就轻 around her discussions with the FDA.
希拉洛斯并未提交正式的申请 Rather than submit full applications,
却只给管理局发去了大量模糊的探索性信件 Theranos flooded the FDA with vague exploratory letters,
想要拖延时间 trying to stall for time,
直到爱迪生可以像希拉洛斯宣传的那样 till the Edisons could do all the tests
真的能完成所有检测 that Theranos advertised,
但这可能要花上数年时间 and that could take years.
医疗器械实质等效性决策证明汇总 A通告编号 K143236 B申请目的 新型仪器 C被测对象 单纯疱疹病毒1特定IgG抗体 D测验类型 化学发光免疫分析法 E申请人 希拉洛斯公司 F申请成功后产品名 希拉洛斯单纯性疱疹病毒1 G监管信息
与此同时 希拉洛斯在帕洛阿尔托的经营 In the meantime, the Theranos operation in Palo Alto
正在被医疗保险和医疗服务中心进行认证 was being regulated by CMS,
这是负责监管临床实验室的联邦机构 the federal agency in charge of clinical labs.
希拉洛斯同样也和他们打起了太极 Theranos was also playing games with them.
医疗保险和医疗服务中心
尽管部分患者的检测是在爱迪生上完成的 Even though some patient tests were performed on Edisons,
但希拉洛斯从未上报过这些数据 Theranos never reported those.
公司只向监管机构递交 The company only gave CMS the data
第三方机器检测的数据 from third-party machines.
公司决定提交 The decision was
由自动化学发光分析仪和 let's send what was on the Immulite
西门子生化分析仪检测分析出的数据 and on the Siemens Advia.
不要提交爱迪生分析的结果 Let's not send the Edison results.
这件事真的吓了我一大跳 And that really freaked me out
因为这表明 because that was suggesting that,
我们根本不相信爱迪生的检测结果 okay, we didn't trust the Edison test.
这时候我们就能够做出区分 And here, we were able to make that discernment
决定到底提交哪一个结果才合适 of what was the appropriate one to send,
但我们却不能把真实结果告诉患者 but we weren't doing that with patients.
当医疗保险和医疗服务中心来检查的时候 And when CMS came in for the inspection,
桑尼和伊丽莎白只带他们去了放着 Sunny and Elizabeth only showed them the lab
西门子和化学发光分析仪器的实验室 with the Siemens Advia, the Immulite.
却从不带他们下楼去另一间实验室 They never took them downstairs to the secondary lab,
我们在那里用爱迪生上做指尖采血的检测 where we processed all the fingersticks on the Edisons.
他们严格的要求我们 They strictly told us
待在自己的办公桌前 to stay at your desk.
他们不希望我们有人去楼下 They didn't want any of us down there
因为他们害怕万一让检查的官员 'cause they were scared if the inspectors
发现实验室的真相 那后果就不堪设想了 saw what was going on, that could have huge consequences.
这让我们感到很丢人 It just seemed scandalous to us.
事态逐渐发展到了不可挽回的地步 It was getting to the point where there was really no hope.
我非常坚定地决定 You know, I'd pretty much decided
我要辞职 that I was going to quit.
我辞职之后不久 Right after I resigned,
我去了我爷爷在斯坦福的办公室 I went to my grandfather's office at Stanford,
其实我还给他看了很多数据 and actually showed him a lot of data,
让他了解我亲眼所见之事 and the discrepancy between what I was seeing
和外界宣传之间的巨大差异 and what was being published,
我还跟他解释这些差异 and the explanation for those differences.
但他似乎并不相信我所说的话 But he didn't really seem to believe what I was saying,
然后他说 伊丽莎白告诉我 and he said, "Elizabeth has told me that
希拉洛斯可以如宣传所说做所有的检测 Theranos really can do all the things that it says it can do.
希拉洛斯的结果更准确 会改变世界的 Theranos is more accurate, going to change the world.
他们想让我相信自己很蠢 They're trying to convince me that you're stupid.
但他们无法说服我相信这一点 They can't convince me that you're stupid,
但他们说服我让我相信是自己错了 But they can convince me that you're wrong.
我也真的觉得自己错了 And I do think that you're wrong,
所以继续自己的生活吧 so move on with your life."
几个月之后 A few months afterwards,
《华尔街时报》的约翰·卡雷鲁 John Carreyou from the Wall Street Journal
在领英上给我发了条消息 sent me a message on LinkedIn.
我当时特别慌 I was definitely in a panic.
我在希拉洛斯的时候 There were confidentiality agreements
签署过保密协议 that I had signed while I was at Theranos.
所以我跑出去用现金买了部一次性手机 So, I went and bought a burner phone with cash.
我打给了他 在那次通话中 I called him, and in that phone call,
我决定帮他揭露真相 I decided that I wanted to help him out.
我说 我的祖父毫发无损的熬过了 I said, my grandfather made it through Watergate,
水门事件和伊朗门丑闻 and the Iran-Contra scandal
凭借的就是他的刚正不阿 with his integrity completely intact.
一旦他意识到眼下发生的是一场骗局 Once he becomes aware of the fraud that's happening,
他一定会尽全力去弥补失误的 he will do everything he can to make things right.
我希望可以给他这样的机会 And I want to give him that opportunity
因为我记得他当时大概九十四五岁了 because, I think he was 94, 95 at the time.
所以我亲自去见了约翰 So, I met with John in person,
然后他发给我了一些 and then he sent Theranos
针对希拉洛斯的尖锐问题 some prodding questions,
寄信人 约翰·卡雷鲁 寄信时间 2015年5月13日星期三 下午12:26 收信人 马修·特劳布 主题 希拉洛斯
里面只有一个具体的数字 and there was just one number in there.
某个检测项目的误检率为百分之四十二点九 42.9% that I had calculated for one of these tests,
高达百分之四十二点九
这个数字在一封 that was also in an e-mail
我发给伊丽莎白的电邮里也提到过 that I had sent to Elizabeth.
大概一个月以后 About a month after that,
我去和父母一起吃饭 I went to go have dinner with my parents.
我走进门 然后我爸说 I walk in the door, and my dad says,
你是不是跟一个《华尔街时报》的记者聊过 "Have you been speaking to a Wall Street Journal reporter?"
我说是的 And I said yes.
他说 他们都知道了 And he said, "Well, they know."
我离开希拉洛斯之后 After I leave Theranos,
我想尽可能远地离开他们 I kind of want to be as far away from them as possible.
我找了另一份工作 但到了这个时候 I was working another job, and at this point,
我必须和《华尔街时报》的约翰·卡雷鲁聊聊了 I had talked to John Carreyrou from the Wall Street Journal,
他当时正在准备调查报告 who was doing an investigative report.
有一天我在公司加班到很晚 So, I'm at work one day. I'm working late,
两个同事正准备离开 and two of my colleagues are leaving,
当时楼里就只剩下我一个了 and I'm going to be the only one in the building.
他们看了看外面 And they look outside,
然后说 艾瑞卡 and they're like, "Hey, Erika.
我们的停车场里有一个人 There's been this guy who's just been sitting
在那已经坐了一整天了 in our parking lot for the whole day."
这很不对劲 And that's very unusual.
所以他们陪我走到了我的车那里 So, they walk me to my car,
然后那个人走过来 给了我这 封信 and then this guy comes up, and he gives me this letter.
信封上有我当时临时住处的地址 And it has the address of this temporary home
亲手递交 艾瑞卡·张女士 加利福尼亚州 帕洛阿尔托东部 94303
但那个地址我没告诉过任何人 that I'm staying at, so no one knows this address.
我拆了信 信是大卫·博伊斯写的 And I open it, and it's a letter from David Boies.
如果你不把X Y和Z文件交出来 "If you don't come forward with
或者举报了这些人 X,Y, and Z document, or report these people,
遭受潜在的诉讼
我们很可能会对你提起诉讼 there's a potential that we could sue you."
大卫·博伊斯
当时我真的非常非常害怕 It was quite, quite scary for me.
尤其是在我当时的那个状况下 Especially coming from a position of,
我当时也就二十三岁吧 what, I was 23 at that point?
我那个时候真的 You know, I had not really
没有一分钱可以去打官司 not really any money to spend on lawyers or anything.
我真的吓坏了 I was really freaked out.
我几个月以来 I'd been asking for an interview
一直要求采访伊丽莎白 with Elizabeth for several months,
但他们总是搪塞我 and they were giving me the runaround.
最终在二零一五年六月 Finally, in June 2015,
我们达成共识在杂志社的办公室进行会面 we agreed that we'd have a meeting at the Journal offices.
希拉洛斯的代表团来了 一共七个人 This Theranos delegation comes in, it's seven people,
其中四个都是律师 four of whom are lawyers,
领头的是大卫·博伊斯 led by David Boies,
其他几位律师包括希瑟·金 and one of the other lawyers is Heather King...
希瑟刚刚加入我们 成为我们的总顾问 Heather has just joined us as our general counsel.
她曾经是博伊斯·席勒律所的合伙人 ...who had been a Boies Schiller partner,
也是希拉里·克林顿的前助手 former Hillary Clinton aide.
会议没进行几分钟 希瑟·金 Couple of minutes into the meeting, Heather King
就把一个小录音笔摆在桌子上 puts a little tape recorder down on the table.
另一位博伊斯·席勒律所的律师 Another Boies Schiller attorney
也拿出了一个小录音笔 put a little tape recorder
放在了会议桌的另一端 on the other end of the conference table,
很明显 and it was very clear
他们要将录音 that they were approaching this
当作法律程序中的证词 as a deposition in a legal proceeding.
如果他们要录音 那我也要录音 If they were going to record, then I was going to record as well.
我们今天来 Okay, so, you know, we're here today
是为了帮助你们了解一些问题 to do our part to help educate you on what
希瑟·金的发言
至少我认为 I, at least, believe are some,
有些问题是基于的前提是虚假的 you know, false premises upon which the questions are based.
这些都是很严肃的问题 其中也有一些 They're very serious questions, and there's some very serious
非常严肃的指控 allegations in those questions.
我也请教了大卫·博伊斯 I also turn to David Boies.
大卫参与了所有的董事会会议 David attends all the board meetings.
我们本来不会在这 花上这么多时间和精力 We wouldn't be here, spend all this time and effort
大卫·博伊斯的发言
如果... 我们有这样的技术 if the, you know, we've got a technology
那我们为什么不能更自由地讨论呢 So, why don't we discuss it more freely?
那是因为这涉及商业机密 Yeah, because it's trade secret! That's why!
而且你们还不同意签署保密协议 And because you won't sign an NDA!
你们真的掌握了新技术吗 Is there really new technology?
这就是问题的关键 That's the point.
这真的是新技术吗 Is it really new to technology?
这是之前没有人能够做到的 This something no one's been able to do before.
明白吗 但希拉洛斯做到了 Okay? Theranos is doing it.
那是新的技术 除非你说那是魔术 And unless it's magic, it's a new technology.
我知道他们大多数血液检测 I knew that most of their blood tests
都是通过第三方公司制造的 were run on commercial analyzers
约翰·卡雷鲁 《华尔街日报》记者 《坏血》作者
商用分析仪做出的 made by third party companies.
所以我说 这怎么能算作 And so I said, how can this even fall
商业机密 under the bucket of trade secrets,
这些机器甚至都不是希拉洛斯的 if these aren't even Theranos machines.
你所说的商业机密也涵盖了 Are you saying that the trade secrets also covers
利用西门子全自动生化分析仪 the way in which you run a blood sample
进行血液检测吗 on the Siemens Advia?
我不知道该怎么回答 I think, I don't know the answer to that,
但我能告诉你 可能包括 也可能不包括 but I can tell you that it could or it could not.
感觉你们像是要我们交出可口可乐的配方 It just feels like you want us to give you the formula for Coke
只为向你们证明里面不含砒霜 in order to convince you that it doesn't contain arsenic.
没人要可口可乐配方 Nobody's asked for the formula for Coke.
我们只是想要一个合理的解释 We're looking for a generic explanation.
你们不需要知道它的工作原理 You don't need to know how they work.
听起来像《绿野仙踪》... It sounds like the Wizard of Oz...
我们一直在转圈子 So, we went around in circles,
而且他们极力回避问题 and the fact that they were stonewalling
这一事实 in such a strong way,
让我觉得我们找对了方向 made me feel like we were on the right track.
在我们看来 显而易见的是 You know, it seems apparent to us that certainly
你们的关键信息来源之一 one of your key sources
肯定是一个叫泰勒·舒尔茨的年轻人 is a young man named Tyler Shultz
因为你们所提出的问题 because the concerns that you are raising
恰好也是 precisely are concerns
他在我们公司短时间就职时 that he raised in the very brief time
高达百分之四十二点九
所提出的问题 that he was at our company.
我不知道 我不记得他的原话 I don't know, I don't remember his exact words,
但他说 but he said,
他们知道了 他们知道了 "Well, they know. They know."
之后 我打电话给我祖父 他说 So, I called my grandfather and he said,
伊丽莎白告诉我了 "Elizabeth tells me that you've been speaking...
你一直将商业机密泄露给 "That you've been giving trade secrets away
《华尔街日报》 "To the Wall Street Journal,
你也知道 如果这篇文章被发表 "And, you know, if this story gets published,
那么最终 你的职业生涯就毁了 但是 "That essentially, your career will be ruined, but...
有这样一纸保密协议 "There's a one-page confidentiality agreement
只要你签了 一切就当没发生 you can sign to just make it all go away."
所以 第二天我去了他家 And so, I go to his house the next morning,
他说 好吧 and he said, "Okay, well,
事实上现在有两个希拉洛斯的律师在这 there are actually two Theranos lawyers here right now."
我当时 I was...
对于即将发生的事情非常紧张 extremely nervous about what was going to happen,
对于整个情况感到非常不舒服 very uncomfortable with the whole situation.
他们进来给了我 They come in and they give me
一份通知 让我三十六小时之后出庭 a notice to appear in court in about 36 hours,
一份临时限制令 a temporary restraining order,
还有一封署名是大卫·博伊斯的信 and a letter signed by David Boies.
他们真的让我觉得我是孤身一人 They really made me feel like I was alone.
我是失败者 我要完蛋了 I was the underdog. I was going to get crushed.
2017年4月4日
早上好 国务卿先生 Good morning, Mr. Secretary.
早上好 Good morning.
您记得那时泰勒去您家 Do you recall a time when Tyler came to your home,
同时还有几位 and there were some attorneys
来自博伊斯·席勒律所的律师在您那 from the Boies Schiller firm there?
我不会称他们为律师 I wouldn't call them attorneys.
那个人简直是野兽 The man was some sort of an animal.
粗鲁的野兽 Wild animal,
他攻击了我的孙子 and he assaulted my grandson.
这是我见过最愚蠢的行为 Was one of the dumbest things I've ever observed.
那您说他攻击了 When you say that the man assaulted
您的孙子 您能更明确些... your grandson, can you be...
言语上 言语上的攻击 Verbally, verbally,
他一直逼迫他 he just went after him.
如果他当时没停下来的话 If it hadn't ended when it did,
我妻子就要拿起火钳 my wife was about to pick an iron out,
刚从壁炉中拿出来的火钳去打他了 hand iron right out of the fireplace and clobber him.
我祖父把我们推开 My grandfather physically separates us,
让希拉洛斯的律师待在客厅 and puts the Theranos lawyers in the living room,
我待在餐厅 and I'm in the dining room,
而他则在两个房间来回斡旋 and he's going between the two rooms negotiating--
-就像国务卿一样 -就像国务卿 - Like a Secretary of State. - Like a Secretary of State.
我祖父似乎变得... And my grandfather seemed like he had grown...
他对于伊丽莎白 that his allegiance to
和希拉洛斯的信任变得更强了 Elizabeth and Theranos had grown even stronger.
您对于霍姆斯女士的评价高吗 Do you have a high opinion of Ms. Holmes?
是的 Yes.
您确信霍姆斯女士在您和她的所有交往上 Do you believe that Ms. Holmes was truthful with you
都对您保持真诚吗 in all of your interactions with her?
是的 我认为是的 Yes, I think so.
在她和您的交往中 In any of her interactions with you,
霍姆斯女士有没有任何行为 did Ms. Holmes ever do anything
让您觉得有理由相信 to give you reason to believe
她在试图欺骗您 that she was trying to deceive you?
没有 No.
没错 从那时开始 Yeah, that's when...
律师成为了我生活中的很大一部分 lawyers became a really big part of my life.
他们威胁要起诉我 They were threatening to sue me for
理由是我违反了保密协定 violating my nondisclosure agreement,
泄露了商业机密 for giving up trade secrets.
很多次 我已经收到了出庭的通知 Many times, I had written notices to appear in court,
但在最后一分钟 他们又取消了 and at the last minute, they would cancel it.
总的来说 我的父母在律师费上花了 Overall, my parents spent between
四百美元至五十万美元不等 400 and $500,000 in legal fees.
最后事情发展到 It was getting to the point where
我们需要到处筹钱 所以他们 we needed to find money somewhere, so they...
他们说要卖掉房子 they said that they would sell their house
继续打官司 to keep fighting this legal battle.
所以 我最后咨询了一位律师 So, I ended up talking to a lawyer,
他说 那些人就是想要恐吓你 and they said, they're trying to scare you.
他说 一个选项是 And he said, one of the options
你可以去举报告发他们 that you can do is you can whistle-blow.
如果你向监管部门告发 就能受到保护 You could be protected if you talked to a regulatory agency.
我就问他 什么监管部门 要怎么做 And I'm like, what regulatory agency? How do you that?
写信
山本加里 医疗保险和医疗服务中心举报: 希拉洛斯有限公司 亲爱的加里
我对于寄出 甚至只是写下这封信都感到紧张 I've been nervous to send or even write this letter.
希拉洛斯极度重视保密性 Theranos takes confidentiality and secrecy to an extreme level...
临床实验室中总会发生误差 Mistakes always happen in a clinical lab,
但在希拉洛斯发生的 则完全是人为疏漏 but what went on in Theranos was complete negligence
甚至在很多方面都是犯罪行为 and honestly felt criminal in many ways.
高层的管理人员总是为质疑 Upper level management constantly made excuses
找借口 但他们继续... for their misgivings... but they continue to...
他们用恐惧和威胁不断迫使员工扭曲检测结果
我不认为这是一个冷血无情的骗局 I don't feel like it's sort of a cold-blooded scam, right?
这整件事开始于 It just seems it started off
一些小事 例如一个谎言 as something small, like one lie,
之后滚雪球式的变成了现在这样 and snowballed into this really
如此疯狂的局面 crazy situation.
大家怎么看待食品药物管理局的批准 So, what do you guys think about the FDA clearance?
大概是在2015年的7月4日 It was around the 4th of July of 2015.
整个公司都沉浸在兴奋中 It was euphoria at the company.
当时... It was, you know...
这对于伊丽莎白和桑尼来说 This is a very meaningful milestone
是一块意义非常的里程碑 for both Elizabeth and Sunny.
当时 这感觉就像是一场巨大的胜利 It felt like a great victory at the time.
他们为这小小的胜利举行了盛大的庆功宴 It was a big celebration for a little victory.
食品药物管理局终于批准 The FDA had finally approved
在爱迪生原型机上运行一种 one rarely used test for herpes
很少使用的疱疹检测方法 to be run on an Edison prototype.
这对沃尔格林来说是杯水车薪 而且为时已晚 That was too little too late for Walgreens,
他们已经暂停开设新的健康中心 which put the brakes on opening new Wellness Centers.
当希拉洛斯鼓吹他们的收入 And while Theranos had boasted revenues
在二零一五年超过了十亿美元时 of more than a billion dollars for 2015,
他们实际上流入的现金只有几十万美元 the actual cash in the door was only a few hundred thousand.
但伊丽莎白和桑尼不会回头 But Elizabeth and Sunny were not backing down.
我们要给奎斯特诊断公司发去消息 We are going to send a message to Quest Diagnostics.
记住 就是他们在针对我们 Remember, these are the guys who are after us,
就是他们在攻击你们正在进行的工作 and they're attacking the work that you guys are doing.
-准备好了吗 -好了 - Are you ready? - Yeah!
好的 一 Okay. One,
二 三 two, three.
去你的 Fuck you!
华尔街日报 希拉洛斯在血液检测上处境艰难 他们在硅谷的实验室完全没有运用自己的技术 所有的检测服务都是如此
我早上一起来就看到了推送 I saw the alert when I got up in the morning,
于是躺在床上读完了它 and I read it by my bed.
它的标题非常低调 It had this really understated headline.
希拉洛斯在血液检测上处境艰难
但文章内容真的令人震惊 But the contents of the article were just devastating.
增加误检几率
相同的患者 不同的结果
只有不到百分之十的检测是由爱迪生完成的
当我上班后 我又读了几遍 When I got to work, I read it a couple more times.
违反联邦法律
突然间 所有这些商业机密的说辞就说得通了 Suddenly, all of the trade secret stuff made sense.
我知道了 这不是商业机密 Oh, I see. It's not a trade secret.
罗杰·帕洛夫 《财富》杂志
这是另一种机密 It's a different kind of secret, and, um...
十五次爱迪生检测 一百九十次传统实验室仪器检测
检测在传统的仪器上进行... ...例如西门子股份公司
我不知道他们用了西门子的仪器 I did not know that Siemens were being used
直到这篇文章发布 until after the article hit.
这也解释了 And then that kind of explains
瑟琳娜·斯图尔特 采血训练员
为什么我们要进行静脉采血 why we were doing venipuncture,
而不是指尖采血 as opposed to the fingerstick collection.
之后我开始修改我的简历 I then started... revamping my résumé.
抱歉 但我真的这么做了 I'm sorry, but I did!
希拉洛斯对他们检测结果的解读提出质疑
匿名员工
当《华尔街日报》最终发布这篇文章时 I was lucky when the Wall Street Journal
我感到很幸运 actually ended up publishing their article
因为文章一发布 because once that happened,
希拉洛斯的精力就会集中到别的地方去 Theranos' efforts were focused elsewhere.
我们不用上法庭了 我们不用 We never went to court. We never...
再签什么协议了 一切都结束了 had any sort of settlement. It just kind of died.
希拉洛斯的命运和未来正处于危险之中 The fate and future of the company was at stake.
所以 我们聚集到了食堂 So, we gathered in our cafeteria.
伊丽莎白和桑尼讲述了正在发生的事 Elizabeth and Sunny spoke to what was happening,
并说所有这些指控都是假的 and that these allegations are not true.
帕特里克·奥尼尔 首席创意官
之后 伊丽莎白发表了评论 And then, Elizabeth made a comment about
将《华尔街日报》这件事视为一场斗争 taking on the Wall Street Journal as a fight.
约翰·卡雷鲁
我早上一醒来 I knew immediately
就马上知道这篇文章 when I woke up that day that the article
有着巨大的影响力 因为来自读者 was having impact because e-mails from readers
和同事们的邮件正不断涌进我的收件箱 and from colleagues were flowing in to my inbox.
我也被邀请 And I was also getting asked
接受各个媒体的采访 to do various media interviews.
《华尔街日报》文章的作者约翰·卡雷鲁 New Wall Street Journal story by John Carreyrou.
非常感谢您的到来 约翰... Thanks for joining us, John...
这篇文章为硅谷 The article was a wake-up call
敲响了警钟 for Silicon Valley.
之前这种淘金热一直在持续 This sort of gold rush had been going on.
独角兽公司不断涌现 These unicorns had been created.
这些公司的估值超过十亿美元 Companies that have valuations of more than a billion dollars.
与上世纪九十年代互联网繁荣期的 They were staying private much longer
创业公司相比 他们保持私有的时间要长得多 than start-ups had in the dot-com boom of the late '90s.
结果就是 比起那些需要每季度 And as a result, they were able to be less transparent
向投资者进行汇报的公司 than companies that have to report
他们更加不透明 to investors every quarter.
我想 硅谷也突然意识到 And I think suddenly there was a realization in Silicon Valley
这种情况助长了欺诈 that this has allowed fraud to thrive.
很显然 当我致电希拉洛斯 Obviously, when I called Theranos
希望能和伊丽莎白谈话时 被告知 and tried to speak to Elizabeth and was told
她一整天都没有时间 that she was going to be unavailable all day.
她还即将加入 She was being inducted into
哈佛医学院董事会 the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows.
我 我哑口无言了 And, um... I was just stunned.
我想着 I was thinking in my mind,
《华尔街日报》刚刚说了 the Wall Street Journal has just said...
你是个骗子 你的整个公司都是骗局 that you're a fraud, and that you're company is a fraud,
我刊登在杂志封面的那家公司是个骗局 and the company I put on the cover of a magazine is a fraud,
而你却要 and you're going to spend...
花上一整天 the whole day...
来逃避这件事 hiding out at this, uh...
逃避这 at this, uh...
冠冕堂皇的谎言 你知道吗 honorary horseshit, you know?
你应该停止逃避 You need to get out here,
好好读一下这篇文章 and go through this article,
逐段逐段地读 paragraph by paragraph,
解释你的公司里究竟发生了什么 explaining what the fuck's going on at your company.
你的文章写得冷酷无情 Your article was pretty brutal,
但《我为钱狂》却知道真相 but here on Mad Money, we know something.
众所周知每个故事都有两面 We know that there are two sides to every single story.
她今天下午从波士顿赶来 Coming to us this afternoon from Boston,
《我为钱狂》 血液之战会趋向白热化吗 克莱默采访了希拉洛斯的首席执行官 以求找到答案
先前她在那里参加了哈佛医学院的 where she's attending a meeting of the Board of Fellows
董事会会议 这也是她回答文章中 at Harvard Medical School, to give her a chance to answer
希拉洛斯有限公司
提出的指控的机会 the charges raised in the article.
霍姆斯女士 欢迎来到《我为钱狂》 Ms. Holmes, welcome back to Mad Money.
我非常高兴能够来到这里 谢谢 It's great to be here, thank you.
当你想要做出一番事业 改变现状时 This is what happens when
这种事会就会发生 you work to change things,
他们先是觉得你疯了 之后就开始攻击你 and first they think you're crazy, then they fight you.
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 希拉洛斯有限公司 董事长 首席执行官 创始人
之后突然间 你改变了世界 And then, all of a sudden, you change the world.
还有 我得说 And, um, I have to say,
我个人对于《华尔街日报》发表这样的文章 I personally was shocked to see that
感到非常震惊 the Journal would publish something like this.
今天 《华尔街日报》发表文章 声称希拉洛斯在血液检测技术上的成功可能只是谎言
滴血成金 希拉洛斯的首席执行官 正面回应《华尔街日报》的报道
每一个我们交流过的《华尔街日报》信息来源 Every single one of the sources that
我们和华尔街日报所有的线人都聊过 we spoke with who the Journal had contacted told us
他们的所声称的 that the statements that were being attributed to them
不是完全错误就是故意误导 were false or misleading...
她决定出面回应并反驳我的说法 She decided to come out and address my story and rebut it.
疯狂星期一 伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯 希拉洛斯董事长 首席执行官 创始人
希拉洛斯发布了一份媒体声明 Theranos issued a press release
称我的报道完全失实 calling my reporting false,
希拉洛斯声明
在事实和科学上完全错误
并威胁要诉诸法律 and they were threatening us with litigation.
错误的指控
这样的报道用心恶毒 The journalism here has been so bad,
永远不能阻止我们
理应被起诉 they deserve to be sued,
但诉讼很少能解决问题 but lawsuits rarely resolve issues.
大卫·博伊斯 博伊斯-席勒-弗莱克斯纳律所
能真正解决问题的是科学 What's going to resolve this issue is the science,
是市场 the marketplace.
公司产品在亚利桑那州大获成功 Um, the company has been successful in Arizona.
医生满意 患者也满意 Doctors are happy, patients are happy...
药管局称希拉洛斯血液检测瓶为"不明医疗器材"
医生和患者其实并不满意 Doctors and patients were not happy.
食品药物管理局对病人的身体状况很担忧 The FDA was so worried about patient safety
并严禁使用纳米容器 that it banned the use of the nanotainer,
药管局调查报告1 查看文档
停用了沃尔格林的指尖取血检测 putting an end to all fingerstick tests at Walgreens.
可能出现仪器失效
希拉洛斯实验室发现缺陷
医疗保险和医疗服务中心突击检查了 CMS conducted a surprise inspection of
希拉洛斯实验室 the Theranos lab,
监管部门称希拉洛斯实验室做法或危及患者健康
发现血液检测结果非常不准确 and found the blood testing so inaccurate,
"对患者健康和生命造成紧迫危害"
甚至可能危及患者生命 that it posed a threat to patient safety,
且很可能造成严重外伤 likely to cause serious injury,
严重外伤 伤害 甚至死亡
伤害 甚至死亡 harm, or death.
废除该实验室CLIA证书
中心废除了实验室的经营执照 CMS revoked the lab's license to operate.
促使中心采取行动的 The letter that prompted CMS to act
是来自艾瑞卡·张的一封信 came from Erika Cheung.
发生在希拉洛斯的一切 完全是人为疏漏 甚至在很多方面都是犯罪
其实对我来说 到了最后 You know, in the end for me,
心里有点五味杂陈 it was a bit of a mixed feeling.
我很高兴真相终于大白天下 I was really excited because the truth finally got out.
但同时也有点遗憾 因为 But then also, a bit of sadness in the fact that, um...
所有人都很希望这个项目成功 you know, we all really wanted that project to succeed.
你最终有没有 Have you been able to win your argument
说服你的祖父 让他相信 with your grandfather in terms of persuading him
希拉洛斯是有问题的呢 of the problems at Theranos?
他说他之前不知道当中有多少骗局 He said that he had no idea how much deception there was,
还说为我自豪 and that he was proud of me.
嗯 Yeah.
我很高兴他最终明白过来了 Yeah, I'm glad he finally really gets it.
二零一五年十月底 There was a Journal technology conference
华尔街日报在拉古纳海滩举办了 taking place in Laguna Beach
一场科技大会 in late October 2015,
恰巧在一年之前大会就邀请 and it so happened that more than a year prior
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯在会上演讲 it had lined up Elizabeth Holmes as one of the speakers.
2015年10月21日
能否请你仔细阐述一下今天的要点 Could you get specific on the key points today...
她大摇大摆地现身 甚至有些耀武扬威 And not only did she come, she came swinging.
我们提供的检测是最优质的 The tests that are offered are of the highest quality.
我们对自己所做的事很有把握 而且非常自豪 We know what we're doing, and we're very proud of it.
有没有出现过那种 Were there situations in which you, uh,
必须把血液样本稀释地情况呢 had to dilute blood samples?
华尔街日报所报道的那种 What the Journal described
我们拿到血液样本之后先稀释 that we take a sample, dilute it,
然后放到市售的分析仪当中分析的行为 and put it on a commercial analyzer
是有所失实的 我们不是这么做的 is inaccurate, and that's not what we do.
我在华尔街日报的网站上看了她的演讲 I watched it on the Journal website,
简直不能相信她会这么说 and I couldn't believe what she just said.
这完全是个弥天大谎 这一点毫无疑问 There was no question that that was a huge lie
因为他们采用的确实是这种做法 because they were absolutely doing it.
实际上我们并没有用 We don't actually use the technology
爱迪生的技术进行过任何检测 that's being referred to as Edison for anything,
很多年都没用过了 and haven't for a few years now.
我们每一次做指尖采血 所用的科技 When we do fingerstick, every time, we use technology
是现在市面上找不到的 that is not commercially available.
我们从来没有使用过 We have never used
市售的实验仪器 commercially available lab equipment
来完成指尖采血的检测 for fingerstick-based tests.
每一次指尖采血 Every fingerstick test...
我小看了她的脸皮 I had underestimated her willingness
敢在大庭广众之下 to bald-face lie
在我们的地盘公然撒谎 in public, on our turf.
我真正想了解的是 现在回过头看 I guess what I really want to know is, do you feel now,
你是否觉得当时上市操之过急了 in hindsight, that maybe you went market a little too quickly?
当时是否有一些压力促使你做出这一决定 Did you feel pressured to do that in any way?
我们还是当年的那个公司 We're the exact same company.
一点都没有变 Nothing has changed.
我们每天都在努力让检测和仪器 We're working every single day to try to get these tests and systems
达到最高质量标准 to meet the highest quality standards.
《财富》 希拉洛斯是如何欺骗我的 伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯在媒体质疑声中为希拉洛斯辩护
约翰·卡雷鲁的文章发表几个月后 Couple of months after John Carreyrou's article,
在《财富》杂志二零一四年六月的封面故事中
我又写了一篇文章 I wrote a new story.
既是对过去的纠正 也是对我的错误负责 It was both a correction and a mea culpa.
我在文章中说 伊丽莎白有意欺瞒我 And I said that Elizabeth had intentionally misled me.
我被有意欺骗了
这篇文章发表之后 After I published the piece,
伊丽莎白通过电话找到我 Elizabeth called me,
我们谈了很久 and there was a long conversation.
她毫无歉意 她说 She was not apologetic. She said,
我从没想过有意欺骗你 "I never would intentionally try to mislead you.
我有什么理由这样做呢 Why would we do that?"
我被有意欺骗了
她想让我删掉这句话 She was trying to persuade me to take out that sentence.
她还说了一些诸如 She said something like,
如果你不改掉这种说法 "If you're not going to take that language out,
我们就要有所行动了之类的话 we're going to have to do something about that language,"
有一点威胁的意思 which was a little menacing,
不过他们唯一的行动就是写了一封信 but all that they then did was they wrote a letter.
结尾有一段奇怪的话 Toward the end, there was a weird paragraph,
说伊丽莎白当时根本不知道 something to the effect that Elizabeth didn't even realize
《财富》杂志做的是人物专题 that Fortune was doing a feature profile,
更不用说上封面了 let alone a cover.
当时这种说法 And it was so, such a...
实在太奇怪了 因为 bizarre thing 'cause...
我当时花了四天时间 I was out there four days and...
在她的要求下召集了好多人 I had called all these people at her behest.
包括七位导演 You know, seven directors,
旧金山加州大学医学中心负责人 the head of UCSF Medical Center,
蓝十字与蓝盾协会的负责人 the head of Blue Cross Blue Shield.
我和她父母聊了一个半小时 认识了她弟弟 I spent an hour and a half with her parents. I met her brother.
聊了她九岁的时候写的一封信 I asked her about the letter she wrote when she was nine.
聊到了她离家上学的时候 I asked her about the book her father gave her
父亲送给她的一本书 when she went away to school, which was
马可·奥勒留的《沉思录》 Meditations by Marcus Aurelius.
然后就是拍照了 And then there was the photo shoot!
摄影师名气很大 It was a big-name photographer,
好几个助理都在 很专业的打光设备 and his assistants, and the lighting equipment,
拍了有几百张照片 and taking a couple hundred photos
换了好多布景和姿势 in different locations and different poses.
从这些总该能看出来吧 That was a clue, you know?
《财富》 宝剑出鞘 见血方还
这事太疯狂了 This was real lunacy.
我明白她的脑袋出了一点问题 I realized that there was something wrong with her mind,
我不知道她是故意撒谎还是 that, um, you know, I don't know if she's lying or if she's...
下意识地 uh, there's an unconscious, um,
重组事实 为了自我保护 reconstruct-- self-protective,
将现实打乱重新建构 reconstruction of reality that's going on.
但她的说法 But what is coming out of her mouth
和我们所熟知的现实 is not mapping onto reality
并不是同一回事 明白吗 as you or I know it, you know?
我想告诉她 I wish I could say to her,
伊丽莎白 我要给你喝一瓶吐真剂 "Elizabeth, I'm going to give you a truth serum,
然后你要告诉我 "And you're going to tell me
当时你的脑袋里在想什么 "what was going through your mind at that time."
但接着问题会变成 你会不会 And the question becomes, do you--
我们能不能相信她会说 do we believe that she would say,
我是故意说谎的 "I knowingly lied?"
我实在想象不出 I have a hard time
她能说出这句话 imagining her saying that.
她很狂热 狂热的人都抱有信念 She was a zealot, and a zealot is such a believer,
对自己的所作所为抱有信念 a true believer, in what they're doing
甚至对现实情况视而不见 that they're blind to the reality of what's happening.
我从来不相信 Not for a moment do I believe
她睡前会躺在床上想 that she lies in bed at night and thinks,
我是个骗子 诈骗犯 我欺骗了别人 "I was a swindler. I was a crook. I lied."
有一天我收到一封邮件 So one day, I get an e-mail
来自伊丽莎白·霍姆斯的一位同事 from somebody who works with Elizabeth Holmes.
他问我能不能来 He asked me if I would come
见见他们的团队和伊丽莎白本人 and meet with their team and with Elizabeth.
我同意了 I said sure.
我的研究领域之一就是人的动机 Part of my research is actually about human motivation,
她很担心公司员工的动力不足 and she was very concerned about the demotivation in the company.
希拉洛斯面临资格质疑 正寻找新的实验室负责人
因为他们长久以来的问题 Right? Because the continuous stories
报道表明希拉洛斯检测问题缠身
就是员工动力不足 around them were demotivating.
卫生监管部门拟废除希拉洛斯实验室许可
我认为她是真的对 My impression was that she truly believed
希拉洛斯公司伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯两年内禁止负责实验室
公司的使命抱有信念 in the mission of the company,
同时也完全相信 and that she also believes that they are
他们能够做出成就 on the way to achieve something,
只是需要找到合适的舞台 and they just need the runway.
硅谷里没有几句真话 There's a lot of lying in Silicon Valley.
我记得我第一本关于不诚信的书出版后 And I remember when my first book on dishonesty came out,
我做了一次巡回签售 在硅谷做了几次讲座 and I did a book tour, and I gave a few talks in Silicon Valley,
就有企业家说 some entrepreneur said,
我们做的是科技行业 科技从来不会说谎 "Oh, we are in technology. Technology doesn't lie."
基本等于在说 Right? So, and they basically said,
我们都很诚信 没机会撒谎 "We are honest, there's no opportunities."
我什么都没说 不过仅仅两分钟之后 And I didn't say anything, but in two minutes,
他周围所有的创业公司的人 all kind of people from the start-ups around him
都开始大谈特谈他们是如何欺骗投资者的 started talking about how they lie to investors.
他们那些增长图表 And they have all these graphs of growth, right?
对未来收益的预期 I mean, they're predicting the future,
他们会在上面给出确切数字 and they putting exact numbers on their...
我的想法是 在硅谷 And my thought was that there is this idea
可能有这么一种惯例 in Silicon Valley, where you, um...
你要非常大胆地 in a very brave way,
设定一个宏大目标 put a post somewhere really far
一个你完全不知道能否实现的目标 that you truly have no idea if you can get there.
和伊丽莎白谈过之后 我的感觉是 And my sense from the discussion with Elizabeth was that
她觉得她的做法 she felt that she was basically
和周围所有人的做法没什么不同 doing the same thing that everybody else is doing.
世界上过度自信的人不计其数 We have lots of people who are overconfident,
有时候有一两个能成功 and from time to time, some of them work out,
于是我们有了青霉素 有了白炽灯泡 and we get penicillin, or the incandescent light bulb,
还有 or we get...
而如果你的周围全是这样的公司 And if you are surrounded by companies
为了实现不可能 甚至可以 who try very hard and dedicate their lives
"重型猎鹰"运载火箭试飞
牺牲生命 to achieve the impossible,
有时候甚至能成功 and then sometimes they are successful in doing it,
那凭什么你不行 why can't you?
在最高层 At the highest level,
我们缺少合适的实验室领导层 we didn't have the right leadership in the laboratory,
在突击检查之前 and I didn't realize
我甚至都没有认识到 until the inspection
这些问题的存在 that these types of issues were in place.
所以直到政府通知 So, until the government told you
说你们完全不合规 that you were really out of compliance,
-你才得知消息 -是的 - you didn't know? - Yeah.
你在得知实验室 What was your reaction when you found out
违反了这么多规定之后 有何想法 that you had all these violations in your lab?
无法接受 It was devastating.
不要怪到别人身上 Don't blame anyone else.
公司的控股权掌握在你手里 You have controlling shares in that company,
伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 Elizabeth Holmes.
责任就是你的 The buck stops there.
人人都会犯错 但犯了错就要承认 People make mistakes, but you must always admit it.
我丈夫很喜欢一句话 My husband's favorite phrase:
"借口就像屁眼 人人都有" "Excuses are like assholes. Everyone has one."
抱歉 这句别剪进去了 Sorry. You don't have to put that in there.
其中一个头条是 One of the headlines was,
"公司90亿美元市值一夜蒸发" "$9 Billion Company Down to Zero."
你们的投资人和董事会 And your investors and your board members
都读到了这个头条 are reading those same things.
我认为我们的观众都有同一个问题 It's probably the most important question, I think,
也许这也是最重要的问题 anybody who's watching has about this.
-它能用吗 -可以 - Does it work? - Yes.
-你确信吗 -非常确信 - You're confident in that? - I am confident in that.
话不多说 让我们欢迎伊丽莎白·霍姆斯 Without further ado, I'd like to welcome Elizabeth Holmes,
希拉洛斯创始人兼首席执行官上台 founder and CEO of Theranos, to the stage.
伊丽莎白并未放弃 Elizabeth did not give up.
她又杀回来 在所有质疑的声音当中 She fought back by taking center stage
在一次临床实验室大会上成为万众瞩目的焦点 at a clinical lab conference in front of all her critics.
姿态挑衅地将保密许久的仪器公之于众 She defiantly unveiled the machine she'd been hiding for so long.
希拉洛斯处理器样本 微型实验室
-微型实验室的设计 -她将它命名为"微型实验室" - The miniLab is designed... - She called it "MiniLab,"
好像这是什么新发明一样 as if it were a new invention.
这是我们公司的转折点 This is an inflection point for our company...
不过在希拉洛斯内部 它有另外一个名字 But inside Theranos, it had another name.
爱迪生4.0 Edison 4.0.
截至2017年 希拉洛斯已经花光了 By 2017, Theranos had spent
融资得来的全部九亿美元 virtually all of the $900 million it had raised.
约有三亿用于法律事务支出 Nearly 300 million went to pay legal fees,
和解投资人诉讼 settle lawsuits from investors,
为亚利桑那州所有接受血液检测的患者退款等 and to refund every patient in Arizona for their blood tests.
亨利·基辛格 乔治·舒尔茨 Henry Kissinger, George Shultz,
甚至包括大卫·博伊斯都退出了董事会 and even David Boies resigned from the board.
伊丽莎白和桑尼闹掰了 Elizabeth broke up with Sunny
并将他从公司开除 and fired him from the company.
但她从未对创造的力量失去信心 But she never lost her faith in the power of invention.
关键在于找到你的热情所在 It's finding... what you love,
找到你的天赋所在 and finding what you're born to do,
当你找到之后 不管是 and when you find that, whether it's...
比如 写作 绘画 you know, writing, or painting,
还是科学研究 不管是什么 or science, or whatever it is, when you...
当你真正 when you really
为此付出一切 give everything to that, then...
你就能成就伟大 then you can realize great things and...
失败一万次也在所不惜 we'll fail 10,000 times if we have to,
但我们会在一万零一次成功 but we'll figure it out on the 10,0001st, you know.
霍姆斯女士 请举起右手 Ms. Holmes, please raise your right hand.
2017年7月11日
你是否宣誓说出真相及所有真相 Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth,
-并绝无虚言 -是的 - and nothing but the truth? - I do.
希拉洛斯公司于2018年解散
伊丽莎白和桑尼因共谋和欺诈罪被起诉
他们拒不认罪